Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T20:50:45.914Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ore-forming mechanism and its relationship with deformational and metamorphic episodes at Haimur gold mine, Nubian Shield, Egypt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2020

Mohamed Abd El Monsef Open the ORCID record for Mohamed Abd El Monsef [Opens in a new window]  and
Amr Abdelnasser Open the ORCID record for Amr Abdelnasser [Opens in a new window]
Mohamed Abd El Monsef*
Affiliation:
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527Tanta, Egypt Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Amr Abdelnasser
Affiliation:
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518Benha, Egypt
*
Author for correspondence: Mohamed Abd El Monsef, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Haimur area represents the central part of the Wadi Allaqi region in the southern block of the Egyptian Eastern Desert near Nasser Lake and the Nile valley. It is made up of ophiolitic assemblage comprising serpentinite and talc carbonate, listwenite, metagabbro/amphibolite and metabasalt and island arc assemblages. The orogenic gold deposits in the Haimur area occur in the form of smoky/white sulphide-bearing quartz / quartz-carbonate veins or lenses cutting through the listwenite zone-related rocks. The NE-trending auriferous veins were formed due to an extensional to transtensional shearing related to NW Najd shear tectonics. Gold was observed in association with late-pyrite and chalcopyrite paragenetically formed in the gold phase (second phase), while the first phase is the sulphide phase including early-pyrite and arsenopyrite. Arsenopyrite was formed during early metamorphic recrystallization at a high-temperature range between 405 and 512 °C. However, gold was formed at lower temperature through retrograde metamorphism. Three types of fluid inclusions have been recognized: aqueous (type-I), mixed aqueous–carbonic (type-II) and hydrocarbonic (type-III). The P–T conditions of trapping were obtained from the isochore lines of intersection between T = 300–320 °C and pressure range of 60–180 MPa. The Haimur gold deposit was supposed to be derived from metamorphic fluids created by dehydration and decarbonation of ophiolitic mélange assemblages and volcano-sedimentary rocks, in which the gold was transported as Au(HS)2– complexes and precipitated in reduced environment. The strong linkage between the deformation and metamorphism triggered gold deposition in structurally favourable sites related to the Najd fault system.

Keywords

arsenopyrite thermometryfluid inclusionsNajd shearingmetamorphismHaimur gold depositEgypt
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 3 , March 2021 , pp. 518 - 536
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abd El Monsef, M (2019) Ore controls and metallogenesis of Au-Ag deposits at Atalla Mine, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 26, doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14326.Google Scholar
Abd El Monsef, M, Slobodník, M and Salem, IA (2018) Hydrothermal evolution of granitoid-hosted gold mineralization in Gidami area: an example for orogenic-gold deposits in Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 146, 132–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abd El-Naby, H and Frisch, W (2002) Origin of the Wadi Haimur–Abu Swayel gneiss belt, south Eastern Desert, Egypt: petrological and geochronological constraints. Precambrian Research 113, 307–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abd El-Naby, H, Frisch, W and Hegner, E (2000) Evolution of the Pan-African Wadi Haimur metamorphic sole, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Metamorphic Geology 18, 639–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdeen, MM and Abdelghaffar, AA (2011) Syn-and post-accretionary structures in the Neoproterozoic Central Allaqi-Heiani suture zone, southeastern Egypt. Precambrian Research 185, 95–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdelnasser, A and Kumral, M (2016) Mineral chemistry and geochemical behavior of hydrothermal alterations associated with mafic intrusive-related Au deposits at the Atud area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Ore Geology Reviews 77, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdelnasser, A and Kumral, M (2017) The nature of gold-bearing fluids in Atud gold deposit, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. International Geology Review 59, 1845–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdelsalam, M (1994) The Oko Shear Zone, Sudan: post-accretionary deformation in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Journal of the Geological Society 151, 767–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdelsalam, MG, Abdeen, MM, Dowaidar, HM, Stern, RJ and Abdelghaffar, AA (2003) Structural evolution of the Neoproterozoic western Allaqi–Heiani suture, southeastern Egypt. Precambrian Research 124, 87–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abdelsalam, MG and Stern, RJ (1996) Sutures and shear zones in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Journal of African Earth Sciences 23, 289–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AbdelTawab M (1992) Gold exploration in Egypt from Pharoanic to modern times. Zentralblatt Geologie-Paläontologie 1, 2721–33.Google Scholar
Abu-Alam, T, El Monsef, MA and Grosch, E (2019) Shear-zone hosted gold mineralization of the Arabian–Nubian Shield: devolatilization processes across the greenschist–amphibolite-facies transition. In Metamorphic Geology: Microscale to Mountain Belts (eds Ferrero, S, Lanari, P, Goncalves, P and Grosch, EG), pp. 287–313. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 478,.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almond, D, Ahmed, F and Shaddad, M (1984) Setting of gold mineralization in the northern Red Sea Hills of Sudan. Economic Geology 79, 389–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amin, MS (1955) Geology and Mineral Deposits of Umm Rus Sheet. Cairo: Geological Survey of Egypt.Google Scholar
Azer, M (2013) Evolution and economic significance of listwaenites associated with Neoproterozoic ophiolites in south Eastern Desert, Egypt. Geologica Acta: An International Earth Science Journal 11, 113–28.Google Scholar
Bakker, RJ (2003) Package FLUIDS 1. Computer programs for analysis of fluid inclusion data and for modelling bulk fluid properties. Chemical Geology 194, 3–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, PB (1969) Thermochemical study of the system Fe-As-S. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33, 841–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berhe, SM (1990) Ophiolites in Northeast and East Africa: implications for Proterozoic crustal growth. Journal of the Geological Society 147, 41–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertrand, J and Caby, R (1978) Geodynamic evolution of the Pan-African orogenic belt: a new interpretation of the Hoggar Shield (Algerian Sahara). Geologische Rundschau 67, 357–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodnar, R (1993) Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, 683–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohlke, J (1989) Comparison of metasomatic reactions between a common CO2-rich vein fluid and diverse wall rocks: intensive variables, mass transfers, and Au mineralization at Alleghany, California. Economic Geology 84, 291–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botros, N (1995) Genesis of gold mineralization in the North Eastern Desert, Egypt. Annals of the Geological Survey of Egypt 20, 381–409.Google Scholar
Botros, NS (2002) Metallogeny of gold in relation to the evolution of the Nubian Shield in Egypt. Ore Geology Reviews 19, 137–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botros, NS (2004) A new classification of the gold deposits of Egypt. Ore Geology Reviews 25, 1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braune, VH and Peter, S (1951) Die Dissoziation des Schwefeldampfes. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 6, 32–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buisson, G and Leblanc, M (1987) Gold in mantle peridotites from Upper Proterozoic ophiolites in Arabia, Mali, and Morocco. Economic Geology 82, 2091–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, K and Sengör, C (1986) Tectonic escape in the evolution of the continental crust. In Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust (eds Barazangi, M and Brown, L), pp. 41–53. Geodynamics Series 14. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y-J, Pirajno, F and Qi, J-P (2005) Origin of gold metallogeny and sources of ore-forming fluids, Jiaodong Province, Eastern China. International Geology Review 47, 530–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, S-G and Youm, S-J (2000) Compositional variation of arsenopyrite and fluid evolution at the Ulsan deposit, southeastern Korea: a low-sulfidation porphyry system. The Canadian Mineralogist 38, 567–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dardir, A and Greiling, R (1987) Tectonic and structural control of some Pan-African ore deposits in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Centre International pour la Formation et les Echanges Geologiques, Publication Occasionale no. 20, 344.Google Scholar
de Wall, H, Greiling, RO and Sadek, MF (2001) Post-collisional shortening in the late Pan-African Hamisana high strain zone, SE Egypt: field and magnetic fabric evidence. Precambrian Research 107, 179–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Afandy, A (1996) Geology and geochemistry of the metavolcanics in Abu Brush area: general emphasis to the magmatic fractionation. Egyptian Mineralogist 8, 107–27.Google Scholar
El-Gaby, S and Greiling, R (1988) The Pan-African Belt of Northeast Africa and Adjacent Areas: Tectonic Evolution and Economic Aspects of a Late Proterozoic Orogen. Wiesbaden: Friedr. Vieweg.Google Scholar
El-Gaby, S, List, F and Tehrani, R (1988) Geology, evolution and metallogenesis of the Pan-African Belt in Egypt. In The Pan-African Belt of Northeast Africa and Adjacent Areas: Tectonic Evolution and Economic Aspects of a late Proterozoic Orogen (eds El-Gaby, S and Greiling, R), pp. 17–68. Wiesbaden: Friedr. Vieweg.Google Scholar
El-Mezayen, A, Ammar, F, Abd El Wahed, A and Wasfi, S (1999) Geology, geochemistry and radioactivity of the basement rocks, Haimur area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. In 1st Seminar on Nuclear Raw Materials and Their Technologies, 1–3 November, 1999, Cairo. Abstract.Google Scholar
El-Nisr, S, Moghazi, A and El-Sayed, M (1996) Geochemical variations and tectonic significance of the mafic rocks in the Allaqi-Haimur-Qulieb area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Geology 40, 555–86.Google Scholar
Emam, A and Zoheir, B (2013) Au and Cr mobilization through metasomatism: microchemical evidence from ore-bearing listvenite, South Eastern Desert of Egypt. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 125, 34–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essarraj, S, Boiron, M-C, Cathelineau, M and Fourcade, S (2001) Multistage deformation of Au-quartz veins (Laurieras, French Massif Central): evidence for late gold introduction from microstructural, isotopic and fluid inclusion studies. Tectonophysics 336, 79–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finger, F and Helmy, HM (1998) Composition and total-Pb model ages of monazite from high-grade paragneisses in the Abu Swayel area, southern Eastern Desert, Egypt. Mineralogy and Petrology 62, 269–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fyfe, W and Henley, R (1973) Some thoughts on chemical transport processes, with particular reference to gold. Minerals Science and Engineering 5, 295–303.Google Scholar
Gibert, F, Guillaume, D and Laporte, D (1998) Importance of fluid immiscibility in the H2O-NaCl-CO2 system and selective CO2 entrapment in granulites: experimental phase diagram at 5-7 kbar, 900 degrees C and wetting textures. European Journal of Mineralogy 10, 1109–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldfarb, R, Baker, T, Dube, B, Groves, DI, Hart, CJ and Gosselin, P (2005) Distribution, Character and Genesis of Gold Deposits in Metamorphic Terranes. Littleton, Colorado: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, R, Groves, D and Gardoll, S (2001) Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geology Reviews 18, 1–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greiling, R, Abdeen, M, Dardir, A, El Akhal, H, El Ramly, M, El Din Kamal, G, Osman, A, Rashwan, A, Rice, AH and Sadek, M (1994) A structural synthesis of the Proterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Egypt. Geologische Rundschau 83, 484–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greiling, R and Rashwan, A (1994) Large-scale shear zones and related mineral deposits: examples from the Nubian Shield (Proterozoic), Egypt. Africa Geoscience Review 1, 503–14.Google Scholar
Groves, DI, Goldfarb, RJ, Gebre-Mariam, M, Hagemann, S and Robert, F (1998) Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geology Reviews 13, 7–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groves, DI, Goldfarb, RJ, Robert, F and Hart, CJ (2003) Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and exploration significance. Economic Geology 98, 1–29.Google Scholar
Hargrove, U, Stern, R, Kimura, J-I, Manton, W and Johnson, P (2006) How juvenile is the Arabian–Nubian Shield? Evidence from Nd isotopes and pre-Neoproterozoic inherited zircon in the Bi’r Umq suture zone, Saudi Arabia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 252, 308–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harraz, HZ (2000) A genetic model for a mesothermal Au deposit: evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopic studies at El Sid Gold Mine, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 30, 267–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrell, JA and Brown, VM (1992) The world’s oldest surviving geological map: the 1150 BC Turin Papyrus from Egypt. The Journal of Geology 100, 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassaan, M and El Mezayen, A (1995) Genesis of gold mineralization in Eastern Desert, Egypt. Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science 6, 921–39.Google Scholar
Heinrich, CA and Eadington, PJ (1986) Thermodynamic predictions of the hydrothermal chemistry of arsenic, and their significance for the paragenetic sequence of some cassiterite-arsenopyrite-base metal sulfide deposits. Economic Geology 81, 511–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmy, HM, Kaindl, R, Fritz, H and Loizenbauer, J (2004) The Sukari Gold Mine, Eastern Desert – Egypt: structural setting, mineralogy and fluid inclusion study. Mineralium Deposita 39, 495–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussein, A and El Sharkawi, M (1990) Mineral deposits. In The Geology of Egypt (ed. Said, R.), pp. 511–66. Egyptian General Petroleum Corp., Conoco Hurghada Inc. and Repsol Exploracion, S.A. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Johnson, P, Andresen, A, Collins, A, Fowler, A, Fritz, H, Ghebreab, W, Kusky, T and Stern, R (2011) Late Cryogenian–Ediacaran history of the Arabian–Nubian Shield: a review of depositional, plutonic, structural, and tectonic events in the closing stages of the northern East African Orogen. Journal of African Earth Sciences 61, 167–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, P, Zoheir, B, Ghebreab, W, Stern, R, Barrie, C and Hamer, R (2017) Gold-bearing volcanogenic massive sulfides and orogenic-gold deposits in the Nubian Shield. South African Journal of Geology 120, 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerrich, R and Cassidy, KF (1994) Temporal relationships of lode gold mineralization to accretion, magmatism, metamorphism and deformation – Archean to present: a review. Ore Geology Reviews 9, 263–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, EL and Fuzikawa, K (2010) Origin of the CO2-only fluid inclusions in the Palaeoproterozoic Carará vein-quartz gold deposit, Ipitinga Auriferous District, SE-Guiana Shield, Brazil: implications for orogenic gold mineralisation. Ore Geology Reviews 37, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klemm, D, Klemm, R and Murr, A (2001) Gold of the Pharaohs – 6000 years of gold mining in Egypt and Nubia. Journal of African Earth Sciences 33, 643–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klemm, R and Klemm, D (2012) Gold and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt and Nubia: Geoarchaeology of the Ancient Gold Mining Sites in the Egyptian and Sudanese Eastern Deserts. Berlin, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media, 649.Google Scholar
Kretschmar, U and Scott, S (1976) Phase relations involving arsenopyrite in the system Fe-As-S and their application. Canadian Mineralogist 14, 364–86.Google Scholar
Kröner, A (1979) Pan African plate tectonics and its repercussions on the crust of northeast Africa. Geologische Rundschau 68, 565–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kröner, A and Stern, R (2004) Pan-African orogeny. In Encyclopedia of Geology , vol. 1(eds Selley, RC, Cocks, LRM and Plimer, IR), pp. 1–12. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Kusky, TM and Ramadan, TM (2002) Structural controls on Neoproterozoic mineralization in the South Eastern Desert, Egypt: an integrated field, Landsat TM, and SIR-C/X SAR approach. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35, 107–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C and Tredoux, M (1986) Platinum-group element abundances in the Lower and the Lower Critical Zones of the Eastern Bushveld Complex. Economic Geology 81, 1087–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lentz, DR (1999) Deformation-induced mass transfer in felsic volcanic rocks hosting the Brunswick No. 6 massive-sulfide deposit, New Brunswick; geochemical effects and petrogenetic implications. The Canadian Mineralogist 37, 489–512.Google Scholar
Lentz, DR (2002) Sphalerite and arsenopyrite at the Brunswick No. 12 massive-sulfide deposit, Bathurst Camp, New Brunswick: constraints on P–T evolution. The Canadian Mineralogist 40, 19–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liégeois, J-P and Stern, RJ (2010) Sr–Nd isotopes and geochemistry of granite-gneiss complexes from the Meatiq and Hafafit domes, Eastern Desert, Egypt: no evidence for pre-Neoproterozoic crust. Journal of African Earth Sciences 57, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loizenbauer, J and Neumayr, P (1996) Structural controls on the formation of the Fawakhir gold mine, El Sid – Eastern Desert, Egypt: tectonic and fluid inclusion evidence. In Proceedings of the Geological Survey of Egypt Centennial Conference, pp. 477–88. Cairo: Geological Survey of Egypt.Google Scholar
McCuaig, TC and Kerrich, R (1998) P–T–t–deformation-–fluid characteristics of lode gold deposits: evidence from alteration systematics. Ore Geology Reviews 12, 381–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meert, JG (2003) A synopsis of events related to the assembly of eastern Gondwana. Tectonophysics 362, 1–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meert, JG and Lieberman, BS (2008) The Neoproterozoic assembly of Gondwana and its relationship to the Ediacaran–Cambrian radiation. Gondwana Research 14, 5–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikucki, EJ (1998) Hydrothermal transport and depositional processes in Archean lode-gold systems: a review. Ore Geology Reviews 13, 307–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullis, J (1979) The system methane-water as a geologic thermometer and barometer from the external part of the Central Alps. Bulletin de Minéralogie 102, 526–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mustard, R, Ulrich, T, Kamenetsky, VS and Mernagh, T (2006) Gold and metal enrichment in natural granitic melts during fractional crystallization. Geology 34, 85–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumayr, P and Hagemann, SG (2002) Hydrothermal fluid evolution within the Cadillac tectonic zone, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada: relationship to auriferous fluids in adjacent second- and third-order shear zones. Economic Geology 97, 1203–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oberthur, T (1994) The Ashanti gold mine at Obuasi, Ghana: mineralogical, geochemical, stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies on the metallogenesis of the deposit. Geologisches Jahrbuch 1994, 31–129.Google Scholar
Phillips, G and Evans, K (2004) Role of CO2 in the formation of gold deposits. Nature 429, 860–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, G and Powell, R (2010) Formation of gold deposits: a metamorphic devolatilization model. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 28, 689–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pirajno, F (2009) Hydrothermal Processes and Mineral Systems. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pokrovski, GS, Kokh, MA, Guillaume, D, Borisova, AY, Gisquet, P, Hazemann, J-L, Lahera, E, Del Net, W, Proux, O and Testemale, D (2015) Sulfur radical species form gold deposits on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, 13484–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robie, RA and Waldbaum, DR (1968) Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K (25.0 C) and one atmosphere (1.013 bars) pressure and at higher temperatures. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1259, 256 pp.Google Scholar
Roedder, E (1984) Fluid Inclusions. Reviews in Mineralogy , vol. 12. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America, 644 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roedder, E and Bodnar, R (1980) Geologic pressure determinations from fluid inclusion studies. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8, 263–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roubet, C (1989) The grinding stones of site E-78-3 Wadi Kubbaniye. The Prehistory of Wadi Kubbaniye 3, 473–89.Google Scholar
Sahoo, AK, Krishnamurthi, R and Sangurmath, P (2018) Nature of ore forming fluids, wallrock alteration and PT conditions of gold mineralization at Hira-Buddini, Hutti-Maski Greenstone Belt, Dharwar Craton, India. Ore Geology Reviews 99, 195–216. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saravanan, CS and Mishra, B (2009) Uniformity in sulfur isotope composition in the orogenic gold deposits from the Dharwar Craton, southern India. Mineralium Deposita 44, 597–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, S (1983) Chemical behaviour of sphalerite and arsenopyrite in hydrothermal and metamorphic environments. Mineralogical Magazine 47, 427–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, S and Barnes, H (1971) Sphalerite geothermometry and geobarometry. Economic Geology 66, 653–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Setzmann, U and Wagner, W (1991) A new equation of state and tables of thermodynamic properties for methane covering the range from the melting line to 625 K at pressures up to 100 MPa. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 20, 1061–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, ZD, Essene, EJ and Kelly, WC (1985) A re-examination of the arsenopyrite geothermometer: pressure considerations and applications to natural assemblages. Journal of the Mineralogical Association of Canada 23, 517–34.Google Scholar
Shenberger, D and Barnes, H (1989) Solubility of gold in aqueous sulfide solutions from 150 to 350 °C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 269–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, TJ, Rankin, AH and Alderton, DH (1985) A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies. London: Chapman & Hall, Blackie, 239.Google Scholar
Smith, M, O’Conner, E and Nasr, B (1998) Transpressional flower structures and escape tectonics: a new look at the Pan-African collision in the Eastern Desert, Egypt. In Workshop on the Pan-African of Northern Africa-Arabia, October, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 22–3. Heidelberg: Geologisch-Palaeontologiches Institut.Google Scholar
Stefánsson, A and Seward, T (2003) The hydrolysis of gold (I) in aqueous solutions to 600 °C and 1500 bar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67, 1677–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stefánsson, A and Seward, T (2004) Gold (I) complexing in aqueous sulphide solutions to 500 °C at 500 bar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68, 4121–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, R, Kröner, A, Manton, W, Reischmann, T, Mansour, M and Hussein, I (1989) Geochronology of the late Precambrian Hamisana shear zone, Red Sea Hills, Sudan and Egypt. Journal of the Geological Society 146, 1017–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, RJ (1994) Arc-assembly and continental collision in the Neoproterozoic African orogen: implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 22, 319–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Surour, A, Attawiya, M, Hussein, H and El-Feky, M (1999) Shear zone microfabrics and multiple source of gold at the Hangaliya Mine, Eastern Desert, Egypt. The Journal of Geology 43, 39–52.Google Scholar
Surour, A, El-Bayoumi, R, Attawiya, M and El-Feky, M (2001) Geochemistry of wall rock alterations and radioactive mineralization in the vicinity of Hangaliya uraniferous shear zone, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Geology 45, 187–212.Google Scholar
Uemoto, T, Ridley, J, Mikucki, E, Groves, DI and Kusakabe, M (2002) Fluid chemical evolution as a factor in controlling the distribution of gold at the Archean Golden Crown lode gold deposit, Murchison province, Western Australia. Economic Geology 97, 1227–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vail, J (1988) Tectonics and evolution of the Proterozoic basement of NE Africa. In The Pan-African Belts of NE Africa and Adjacent Areas., pp. 185–226. Wiesbaden: Friedr. Vieweg.Google Scholar
Vityk, MO and Bodnar, RJ (1995) Do fluid inclusions in high-grade metamorphic terranes preserve peak metamorphic density during retrograde decompression? American Mineralogist: Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials 80, 641–4.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, J (2001) Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos 55, 229–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams-Jones, AE, Bowell, RJ and Migdisov, AA (2009) Gold in solution. Elements 5, 281–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zachariáš, J, Frýda, J, Paterová, B and Mihaljevič, M (2004) Arsenopyrite and As-bearing pyrite from the Roudný deposit, Bohemian Massif. Mineralogical Magazine 68, 31–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y-G and Frantz, JD (1987) Determination of the homogenization temperatures and densities of supercritical fluids in the system NaClKClCaCl2H2O using synthetic fluid inclusions. Chemical Geology 64, 335–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoheir, BA (2008) Characteristics and genesis of shear zone-related gold mineralization in Egypt: a case study from the Um El Tuyor mine, south Eastern Desert. Ore Geology Reviews 34, 445–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoheir, BA, Creaser, R and Lehmann, B (2015) Re-Os geochronology of gold mineralization in the Fawakhir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. International Geology Review 57, 1418–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoheir, BA and Emam, A (2014) Field and ASTER imagery data for the setting of gold mineralization in Western Allaqi–Heiani belt, Egypt: a case study from the Haimur deposit. Journal of African Earth Sciences 99, 150–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoheir, BA and Lehmann, B (2011) Listvenite–lode association at the Barramiya gold mine, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Ore Geology Reviews 39, 101–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoheir, BA and Moritz, R (2014) Fluid evolution in the el-Sid gold deposit, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Geological Society 402, 147–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Abd El Monsef and Abdelnasser supplementary material

Abd El Monsef and Abdelnasser supplementary material

Download Abd El Monsef and Abdelnasser supplementary material(File)
File 19.3 KB