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On the Tectonics of the Southern Midlands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

R. H. Rastall
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Extract

In any purely stratigraphical treatment of a tectonic problem one of the greatest of the initial difficulties is always that of deciding where to begin, and in the present case this difficulty is unusually acute, since the primary object of the investigation is an endeavour to trace back phenomena occurring in later ages to causes of long antecedent origin. In more precise language, the object aimed at is to show that certain structural features of the Mesozoic rocks of the southern Midlands of England can be attributed to the recurrence of activity along old-established fold-lines of very early date.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 62 , Issue 5 , May 1925 , pp. 193 - 222
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1925

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References

page 193 note 1 Final Report of the Royal Commission on Coal Supplies. Part IX. Report of the Geological Committee upon the Resources of the Concealed and Unproved Coalfields of the United Kingdom, 1905. [Cd. 2361.] Subsequently cited, for the sake of brevity, as Final Report of the Coal Commission, 1905.Google Scholar

page 195 note 1 Davies, A. M., Handbuch der regionalen Geologie, Band III, Abt. 1, n.d., pp. 235–9.Google Scholar

page 195 note 2 Thompson, B., Jour. Northants Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. xxi, 1921, pp. 85–98.Google Scholar

page 195 note 3 Final Report of Coal Commission, p. 25.Google Scholar

page 195 note 4 Jukes-Browne, A. J., The Building of the British Isles, 1911, p. 299.Google Scholar

page 196 note 1 Pres. Add., 1913, p. lxxii.Google Scholar

page 197 note 1 It is highly regrettable that no general Memoir of the Geological Survey on the Lower Greensand has ever been published. Hence there is a lacuna in the official description of the British Mesozoic formations.Google Scholar

page 198 note 1 Rastall, R. H., “The Mineral Composition of the Lower Greensand Series of Eastern England”: Geol. Mag., Vol. LVI, 1919, p. 211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 199 note 1 Watts, W. W., Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xvii, 1902, pp. 373–81 and pl. xix.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 200 note 1 This locality is sometimes called Harrington in the literature.Google Scholar

page 200 note 2 Kendall, P. F., loc. cit., p. 25. A. J. Jukes-Browne., Geol. Mag., 1889, pp. 356–61.Google Scholar

page 200 note 3 Lapworth, C., “Sketch of the Geology of the Birmingham District”: Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xv, 1897–8, pp. 330–2. Also “The Birmingham Country, its Geology and Physiography”: Handbook of the Brit. Assoc., Birmingham Meeting, 1913. Eastwood, Gibson and others, “The Geology of the Country around Coventry”: Mem. Geol. Surv., 1923, p. 7, with references.Google Scholar

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page 201 note 2 Cox, , and Trueman, , Geol. Mag., Vol. LVII, 1920, p. 199.Google Scholar

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page 202 note 2 See numerous papers by Mr. Beeby Thompson in the Journal of the Northampton Natural History Society, also Cox, , and Trueman, , loc. cit.Google Scholar

page 202 note 3 In a subsequent section a brief reference will be made to the Lickey Hills, which lie rather outside the region here dealt with, but will form an important factor in the later argument.Google Scholar

page 203 note 1 In a remarkable paper Mr. E. Hull proved clearly the thinning of the Jurassic rocks towards the S.E., but missed the obvious inference of an overlap. However, this paper contains a wonderful forecast of the character of the Palaeozoic floor, considering the scanty data then available. (Q.J.G.S., vol. xvi, 1860, pp. 73–81.) This paper should be ranked with God win-Austen's great memoir on the area south of the Thames, published four years earlierGoogle Scholar. Ibid., vol. xii, 1856.

page 203 note 2 Full details of these bores will be found in the Coal Commission Report, and in Sir A. Strahan's Presidential Address to the Geological Society, 1913, “Thicknesses of Strata”: Mem. Geol. Surv., 1916, pp. 6–7. See also Beeby Thompson in Geology in the Field, p. 452, H. J. Eunson., Q.J.G.S., vol. xl, 1884, p. 482.Google Scholar

page 203 note 3 See for example, Cayeux, L., Les Minerais de Fer oolithiques de France, fasc. i, 1909, and fasc. ii, 1922. A. O. Hayes, The Wabana Ores of Newfoundland, 1915.Google Scholar

page 204 note 1 Thompson, B., The Middle Lias of Northamptonshire, 1888, p. 7.Google Scholar

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page 204 note 3 Thompson, B., Jour. Northants Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. xxi, 1923, pp. 85–98.Google Scholar

page 205 note 1 Rastall, R. H., Q.J.G.S., vol. lxi, 1905, p. 456.Google Scholar

page 205 note 2 Handbuch der regionalen Geologie, Band III, i, p. 235.Google Scholar

page 205 note 3 Ibid.

page 206 note 1 This argument is summarized very briefly from an unpublished essay submitted by the author in competition for the Sedgwick Prize in the University of Cambridge, 1912.Google Scholar

page 207 note 1 Zonal names are here used in the sense employed in the Handbuch der regionalen Geologie.Google Scholar

page 208 note 1 See also Jukes-Browne, , Geol. Mag., 1889, pp. 356–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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page 209 note 1 Stratigraphical details as to the Upper Jurassic rocks of Cambridgeshire will be found in the author's contribution to Geology in the Field, already cited, with references to the literature. See also especially Roberts, , The Jurassic Rocks of the Neighbourhood of Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1892. Morley Davies, Geol. Mag., 1916, p. 395.Google Scholar

page 209 note 2 Wedd, , Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. liv, 1898, pp. 601–18, and vol. lvii, 1901, pp. 73–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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page 210 note 1 Strahan, , loc. cit., p. lxxxviii.Google Scholar

page 210 note 2 Stille, H., Geol. Rundschau, Bd. IV, 1913, pp. 563–83.Google Scholar

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page 212 note 2 Jukes-Browne, , Building of the British Isles, fig. 37, facing p. 248.Google Scholar

page 213 note 1 See also Fearnsides, , Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. li, pt. iii, 1916, p. 107.Google Scholar

page 213 note 2 See 1 inch map of the Geological Survey, N.S., Sheet 112.Google Scholar

page 213 note 3 Pres. Add. to Sect. C, Brit. Assoc., Cambridge, 1904. Report, pl. viii.

page 214 note 1 For a summary and diagram of these, see Jukes-Browne, , Building of the British Isles, chap. vii, and map, pp. 186–7.Google Scholar

page 215 note 1 Brown, H. T., Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xlv, 1889, pp. 1–38, and especially pp. 29–.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 215 note 2 The Birmingham Country, Handbook Brit. Assoc., Birmingham, 1913, reprinted by Cornish Brothers, Birmingham, 1913. Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xv, 1897–8, pp. 328–350.Google Scholar

page 215 note 3 Strahan, A., Geol. Mag., 1886, pp. 540–57. G. Barrow and others, “The Geology of the Country around Lichfield”: Mem. Geol. surv., 1919, p. 7. R. D. Vernon., Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. lxviii, 1912, pp. 587–638, and pl. lxi.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 215 note 4 Cox, and Trueman, , Geol. Mag., Vol. LVII, 1920, pp. 198–208. Buckman, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. lix, 1903, p. 449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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page 216 note 1 Coal Commission Report, 1905, pp. 16 and 36. Strahan, loe. cit., p. lxxxiv.Google Scholar

page 216 note 2 Gibson, W., Coal in Great Britain, 1920, fig. 41. p. 211.Google Scholar

page 216 note 3 The writer has seen the Mendips and the Wrekin from this point on a very-clear day in 1916.Google Scholar

page 217 note 1 Strahan, , Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1904, p. 536. Groom, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. lvi, pp. 138–97.Google Scholar

page 217 note 2 Davison, C., A History of British Earthquakes, Cambridge, 1894, pp. 249–56.Google Scholar

page 217 note 3 Geology of Yorkshire, 1924, figure on p. 243.Google Scholar

page 218 note 1 Kendall, P. F., “Cleat in Coal Seams”: Geol. Mag., 1914, pp. 49–53. P. F. Kendall, and H. E. Wroot, Geology of Yorkshire, 1924, pp. 130–1, and figures opposite, not numbered.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 219 note 1 Gibson, Walcot, “The Search for Coal beneath the Red Rocks of the Midland Counties”: Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1904, Mem. Geol. Surv., 1905, pp. 145–53.Google Scholar

page 219 note 2 Final Report Coal Commission, 1905, p. 5.Google Scholar

page 221 note 1 “Thicknesses of Strata”: Mem. Geol. Surv., 1916, table facing p. 144.Google Scholar

page 222 note 1 Most of the metamorphic minerals in the Lower Greensand are very much rounded, looking as if they were second-hand, and not derived directly from crystalline schists. There are marked differences between the heavy minerals of the Norfolk and Bedfordshire areas, showing derivation from different sources. The very abundant iron oxide may also have been supplied from the denudation of Coal-measure ironstones.Google Scholar

page 222 note 2 See Baker, H. A., “Evidence Suggestive of Charnian Movement in East Kent”: Geol. Mag., 1917, pp. 398–403. This author suggests the existence of another Charnoid ridge, running under Suffolk, and outside of East Kent. This point is not discussed in the present paper.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 222 note 3 Baker, H. A., loc. cit.Google Scholar