Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2009
In a recent paper (1940) I discussed the origins of the Indus, Jhelum, and Sutlej rivers. I suggested that the upper Jhelum resulted from the final severing of marine communications with Tibet by the rise of the north-west Himalayan axis at the close of Laki (Lower Eocene) times. The upper Indus probably originated rather later, from the overflow of Tibetan drainage ponded by the rise of this axis. The upper Sutlej I held to be much younger, and due to a geologically recent collapse of the main Himalayan axis along the line of an old (Gondwana) fault-trough.