Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T08:57:06.042Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A new species of Platysiagum from the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2018

W. WEN ,
S. X. HU ,
Q. Y. ZHANG ,
M. J. BENTON Open the ORCID record for M. J. BENTON [Opens in a new window] ,
J. KRIWET ,
Z. Q. CHEN ,
C. Y. ZHOU ,
T. XIE  and
J. Y. HUANG
W. WEN*
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of the China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
S. X. HU
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of the China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
Q. Y. ZHANG
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of the China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
M. J. BENTON
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
J. KRIWET
Affiliation:
Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Z. Q. CHEN
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
C. Y. ZHOU
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of the China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
T. XIE
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of the China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
J. Y. HUANG
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of the China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
*
†Author for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Four complete platysiagid fish specimens are described from the Luoping Biota, Anisian (Middle Triassic), Yunnan Province, southwest China. They are small fishes with bones and scales covered with ganoine. All characters observed, such as nasals meeting in the midline, a keystone-like dermosphenotic, absence of post-rostral bone, two infraorbitals between dermosphenotic and jugal, large antorbital, and two postcleithra, suggest that the new materials belong to a single, new Platysiagum species, P. sinensis sp. nov. Three genera are ascribed to Platysiagidae: Platysiagum, Helmolepis and Caelatichthys. However, most specimens of the first two genera are imprints or fragmentary. The new, well-preserved specimens from the Luoping Biota provide more detailed anatomical information than before, and thus help amend the concept of the Platysiagidae. The Family Platysiagidae was previously classed in the Perleidiformes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Platysiagidae is a member of basal Neopterygii, and its origin seems to predate that of Perleidiformes. Moreover, platysiagid fishes are known from the Middle Triassic of the western Tethys region. The newly found specimens of platysiagids from Luoping provide additional evidence that both eastern and western sides of the Tethys Ocean were biogeographically more connected than previously thought.

Keywords

Platysiagum sinensisPlatysiagidaeNeopterygiiMiddle TriassicLuoping Biotasouthwest China
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 156 , Issue 4 , April 2019 , pp. 669 - 682
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arratia, G. 2001. The sister-group of Teleostei: consensus and disagreements. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21, 767–73.Google Scholar
Benton, M. J., Zhang, Q.-Y., Hu, S.-X., Chen, Z.-Q., Wen, W., Liu, J., Huang, J. Y., Zhou, C.-Y., Xie, T., Tong, J.-N. & Choo, B. 2013. Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Earth-Science Reviews 123, 199–243.Google Scholar
Betancur-R, R., Broughton, R. E., Wiley, E. O., Carpenter, K., Lopez, J. A., Li, C., Holcroft, N. I., Arcila, D., Sanciango, M., Cureton, J. C., Zhang, F., Buser, T., Campbell, M. A., Ballesteros, J. A., Roa-Varon, A., Willia, S., Borden, W. C., Rowley, R., Reneau, P. C., Hough, D. J., Lu, G., Grande, T., Arratia, G. & Orti, G. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life [last modified: 3 June 2013]. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288.Google Scholar
Brough, J. 1939. Triassic Fishes of Besano, Lombardy. London: British Museum (Natural History), 117 pp.Google Scholar
Bürgin, T. 1992. Basal ray-finned fishes (Osteichthyes; Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Tessin, Switzerland). Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen 114, 1–164.Google Scholar
Bürgin, T. 1996. Diversity in the feeding apparatus of perleidid fishes (Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland). In Mesozoic Fishes – Systematics and Paleoecology (eds Arratia, G. & Viohl, G.), pp. 555–65. Munich: Pfeil.Google Scholar
Chen, Z.-Q. & Benton, M. J. 2012. The timing and pattern of biotic recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction. Nature Geoscience 5, 375–83.Google Scholar
Cloutier, R. & Arratia, G. 2004. Early diversification of actinopterygian fishes. In Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates (eds Arratia, G., Wilson, M. H. V. & Cloutier, R.), pp. 217–70. Munich: Pfeil.Google Scholar
Coates, M. I. 1998. Actinopterygians from the Namurian of Bearsden, Scotland, with comments on early actinopterygian neurocrania. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 122, 27–59.Google Scholar
Coates, M. I. 1999. Endocranial preservation of a Carboniferous actinopterygian from Lancashire, UK, and the interrelationships of primitive actinopterygians. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 354, 453–62.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1887. Zittel's manual of palaeontology. American Naturalist 21, 1014–9.Google Scholar
Egerton, M. G. 1872. Figures and descriptions of British organic remains. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom 1872 (13), 5–35.Google Scholar
Gardiner, B. G. 1985. Actinopterygian fish from the Dinantian of Foulden, Berwickshire, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 76, 61–6.Google Scholar
Gardiner, B. G. & Schaeffer, B. 1989. Interrelationships of lower actinopterygian fishes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 97, 135–87.Google Scholar
Gardiner, B. G., Schaeffer, B. & Masserie, J. A. 2005. A review of the lower actinopterygian phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144, 511–25.Google Scholar
Geng, B.-H., Jin, F., Wu, F.-X. & Wang, Q. 2012. New perleidid fishes from the Middle Triassic strata of Yunnan Province. Geological Bulletin of China 31, 915–27.Google Scholar
Goloboff, P. A., Farris, J. S. & Nixon, K. C. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24, 774–86.Google Scholar
Hu, S.-X., Zhang, Q.-Y., Chen, Z.-Q., Zhou, C.-Y., Lü, T., Xie, T., Wen, W., Huang, J.-Y. & Benton, M. J. 2011. The Luoping biota: exceptional preservation, and new evidence on the Triassic recovery from end-Permian mass extinction. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 278, 2274–82.Google Scholar
Hurley, I. A., Mueller, R. L., Dunn, K., Schmidt, E., Friedman, M., Ho, R. K., Prince, V. E., Yang, Z., Thomas, M. G. & Coates, M. I. 2007. A new timescale for ray-finned fish evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274, 489–98.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H. 1880. On the applications of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 43, 649–62.Google Scholar
Jessen, H. L. 1973. Interrelationships of actinopterygians and branchiopterygians: evidence from pectoral anatomy. In Interrelationships of Fishes (eds Greenwood, P. H., Miles, R. S. & Patterson, C.), pp. 227–32. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kogan, I. & Romano, C. 2016. Redescription of Saurichthys madagascariensis Piveteau, 1945 (Actinopterygii, Early Triassic), with implications for the early saurichthyid morphotype. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36, e1151886. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1151886.Google Scholar
Lehman, J. P. 1952. Étude complémentaire des poissons de l’Éotrias de Madagascar. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapasakademiens Handlingar 2, 134–44.Google Scholar
Lin, H.-Q., Sun, Z.-Y., Tintori, A., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D.-Y. & Hao, W. C. 2011. A new species of Habroichthys Brough, 1939 (Actinopterygii; Peltopleuriformes) from the Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Yunnan Province, South China. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 262, 79–89.Google Scholar
Lombardo, C. 2002. Caelatichthys gen. n.: a new palaeonisciform from the Middle Triassic of Northern Italy and Canton Ticino (Switzerland). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 108, 399–414.Google Scholar
Lombardo, C., Sun, Z.-Y., Tintori, A., Jiang, D.-Y. & Hao, W.-C. 2011. A new species of the genus Perleidus (Actinopterygiia: Perleidiformes) from the Middle Triassic of Southern China. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 50, 75–83.Google Scholar
López-Arbarello, A., Sun, Z.-Y., Sferco, E., Tintori, A., Xu, G.-H., Sun, Y.-L., Wu, F.-X. & Jiang, D.-Y. 2011. New species of Sangiorgioichthys Tintori and Lombardo, 2007 (Neopterygii, Semionotiformes) from the Anisian of Luoping (Yunnan Province, South China). Zootaxa 2749, 25–39.Google Scholar
Maramà, G., Lombardo, C., Tintori, A. & Carnevale, G. 2017. Redescription of ‘Perleidus’ (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Early Triassic of Northeastern Madagascar. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 123, 219–42.Google Scholar
Mutter, R. J. 2005. Re-assessment of the genus Helmolepis Stensiö 1932 (Actinopterygii: Platysiagidae) and the evolution of platysiagids in the Early-Middle Triassic. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 98, 271–80.Google Scholar
Mutter, R. J. 2011. A case study of the palaeobiogeography of Early Mesozoic actinopterygians, the family Ptycholepidae. In Palaeogeography and Palaeobiogeography: Biodiversity in Space and Time (eds Upchurch, P., McGowan, A. J. & Slater, C. S. C.), pp. 143–71. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Mutter, R. J. & Herzog, A. 2004. A new genus of Triassic actinopterygian with an evaluation of deepened flank scales in fusiform fossil fishes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24, 794–801.Google Scholar
Neuman, A. G. & Mutter, R. J. 2005. Helmolepis cyphognathus, sp. nov., a new platysiagid actinopterygian from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation (British Columbia, Canada). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, 25–36.Google Scholar
Nybelin, O. 1977. Studies on Triassic fishes from East Greenland III: on Helmolepis gracilis Stensiö. Meddelelser om Grønland 200, 1–14.Google Scholar
Olsen, P. E. 1984. The skull and pectoral girdle of the parasemionotid fish Watsonulus eugnathoides from the early Triassic Sakamena Group of Madagascar, with comments on the relationships of the holostean fishes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4, 481–99.Google Scholar
Olsen, P. E. & McCune, A. R. 1991. Morphology of the Semionotus elegans species group from the Early Jurassic part of the Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America with comments on the family Semiotidae (Neopterygii). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11, 269–92.Google Scholar
Patterson, C. 1982. Morphology and interrelationships of primitive actinopterygian fishes. American Zoologist 22, 241–95.Google Scholar
Regan, C. T. 1923. The skeleton of Lepidosteus, with remarks on the origin and evolution of the lower neopterygian fishes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 1923, 445–61.Google Scholar
Romano, C., Koot, M. B., Kogan, I., Branyard, A., Minikh, A. V., Brinkmann, W., Bucher, H. & Kriwet, J. 2016. Permian–Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution. Biological Reviews 91, 106–47.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, B. & Mangus, M. 1976. An Early Triassic fish assemblage from British Columbia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 156, 515–64.Google Scholar
Schultze, H.-P. 2008. Nomenclature and homologization of cranial bones in actinopterygians. In Mesozoic Fishes 4 — Homology and Phylogeny (eds Arratia, G., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M. V. H.). pp. 23–48. Munich: Pfeil.Google Scholar
Schultze, H.-P. & Arsenault, M. 1985. The panderichthyid fish Elpistostege: a close relative of tetrapods. Palaeontology, 28, 293–309.Google Scholar
Stensiö, E. 1932. Triassic fishes from East Greenland 1–2. Meddelelser om Grønland, 83, 1–305.Google Scholar
Sun, Z.-Y., Lombardo, C., Tintori, A. & Jiang, D.-Y. 2015. A new species of Altisolepis (Peltopleuriformes, Actinopterygii) from the Middle Triassic of Southern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35, e909819. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.909819.Google Scholar
Sun, Z.-Y., Tintori, A., Jiang, D.-Y., Lombardo, C., Rusconi, M., Hao, W.-C. & Sun, Y.-L. 2009. A new perleidiform (Actinopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Yunnan, South China. Acta Geologica Sinica 83, 460–70.Google Scholar
Tintori, A. 1998. Fish biodiversity in the marine Norian (Late Triassic) of northern Italy: the first Neopterygian radiation. Italian Journal of Zoology 65, 193–8.Google Scholar
Tintori, A., Hitij, T., Jiang, D.-Y., Lombardo, C. & Sun, Z.-Y. 2014. Triassic actinopterygian fishes: the recovery after the end-Permian crisis. Integrative Zoology 9, 394–411.Google Scholar
Tintori, A., Sun, Z.-Y., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D.-Y., Sun, Y.-L. & Hao, W.-C. 2007. New specialized basal neopterygians (Actinopterygii) from Triassic of the Tethys Realm. Geologia Insubrica 10, 13–20.Google Scholar
Tintori, A., Sun, Z.-Y., Lombardo, C., Jiang, D.-Y., Sun, Y.-L. & Hao, W.C. 2010. A new basal neopterygian from the Middle Triassic of Luoping County (South China). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 116, 161–72.Google Scholar
Vermeij, G. J. 1977. The Mesozoic Marine Revolution: evidence from snails, predators and grazers. Palaeobiology 3, 245–58.Google Scholar
Wen, W., Zhang, Q.-Y., Hu, S.-X., Benton, M.J., Zhou, C.-Y., Xie, T., Huang, J.-Y. & Chen, Z.-Q. 2013. Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota, Yunnan, South China, with the earliest evidence of ovoviviparity. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58, 175–93.Google Scholar
Wen, W., Zhang, Q.-Y., Hu, S.-X., Zhou, C.-Y., Xie, T., Huang, J.-Y., Chen, Z.-Q. & Benton, M. J. 2012. A new genus of basal actinopterygian fish from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Luoping, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57, 149–60.Google Scholar
Westoll, T. S. 1944. The Haplolepidae, a new family of Late Carboniferous bony fishes: a study in taxonomy and evolution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 83, 1–121.Google Scholar
Wiley, E. O. 2008. Homology, identity and transformation. In Mesozoic Fishes 4 — Homology and Phylogeny (eds Arratia, G., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M. V. H.). pp. 9–21. Munich: Pfeil.Google Scholar
Wu, F.X., Sun, Y.-L., Hao, W.-C., Hand, D.-Y., Xu, G.-H., Sun, Z.-Y. & Tintori, A. 2009. New species of Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: Saurichthyidae) from Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Yunnan Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 83, 440–50.Google Scholar
Wu, F.-X., Sun, Y.-L., Xu, G.-H., Hao, W.-C., Jiang, D.-Y. & Sun, Z.-Y. 2010. New saurichthyid actinopterygian fishes from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of southwestern China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56, 581–614.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-H., Gao, K.-Q. & Coates, M. I. 2015. Taxonomic revision of Plesiofuro mingshuica from the Lower Triassic of northern Gansu, China, and the relationships of early neopterygian clades. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35, e100151. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.1001515.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-H., Gao, K.-Q. & Finarelli, J. A. 2014 a. A revision of the Middle Triassic scanilepiform fish Fukangichthys longidorsalis from Xinjiang, China, with comments on the phylogeny of the Actinopteri. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34, 747–59.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-H. & Ma, X. -Y. 2016. A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China sheds new light on the peltopleuriform phylogeny and internal fertilization. Science Bulletin 61, 1766–74.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-H., Shen, C. C. & Zhao, L. J. 2014 b. Pteronisculus nielseni sp. nov., a new stem-actinopteran fish from the Middle Triassic of Luoping, Yunnan Province, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica 52, 1–18.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-H. & Wu, F.-X. 2012. A deep-bodied ginglymodian fish from the Middle Triassic of eastern Yunnan Province, China, and the phylogeny of lower neopterygians. Chinese Science Bulletin 57, 111– 18.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-H. & Zhao, L.-J. 2016. A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China shows remarkable secondary sexual characteristics. Science Bulletin 61, 338–44.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-H., Zhao, L.-J. & Coates, M. I. 2014 c. The oldest ionoscopiform from China sheds new light on the early evolution of halecomorph fishes. Biology Letters 10, 284–95.Google Scholar
Zhang, Q.-Y. & Zhou, C.-Y. 2008. Discovery of Middle Triassic Anisian fish fossils from Luoping region, east of Yunnan. Geological Bulletin of China 27, 429 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Zhang, Q.-Y., Zhou, C.-Y., Lü, T. & Bai, J.-K. 2010. Discovery of Middle Triassic Saurichthys in the Luoping area, Yunnan, China. Geological Bulletin of China 29, 26–30 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Zhang, Q.-Y., Zhou, C.-Y., Lü, T., Xie, T., Lou, X.-Y., Liu, W., Sun, Y.-Y., Huang, J.-Y. & Zhao, L.-S. 2009. A conodont-based Middle Triassic age assignment for the Luoping Biota of Yunnan, China. Science in China Series D – Earth Sciences 52, 1673–8.Google Scholar
Zhang, Q.-Y., Zhou, C.-Y., Lü, T., Xie, T., Lou, X.-Y., Liu, W., Sun, Y.-Y. & Jiang, X.-S. 2008. Discovery and significance of the Middle Triassic Anisian Biota from Luoping, Yunnan province. Geological Review 54, 523–5 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Zhao, L.-J. & Lu, L.-W. 2007. A new genus of early Triassic perleidid fish from Changxing, Zhejiang, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 46, 238–43.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Wen et al. supplementary material

Wen et al. supplementary material 1

Download Wen et al. supplementary material(File)
File 24.3 KB
Supplementary material: File

Wen et al. supplementary material

Wen et al. supplementary material 2

Download Wen et al. supplementary material(File)
File 24.5 KB