Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T08:21:55.526Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New conodont records of the Los Sombreros Formation (Cambrian–Ordovician) from the Western Precordillera, Argentina: biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2019

Gabriela Torre Open the ORCID record for Gabriela Torre [Opens in a new window]  and
Guillermo L. Albanesi
Gabriela Torre*
Affiliation:
CICTERRA (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
Guillermo L. Albanesi
Affiliation:
CICTERRA (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina CIGEA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: Gabriela Torre, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The presence of a carbonate platform that interfingers towards the west with slope facies allows for the identification of an ancient lower Palaeozoic continental margin in the Western Precordillera of Argentina. The Los Sombreros Formation is essential for the interpretation of the continental slope of the Precordillera, which accreted to Gondwana as part of the Cuyania Terrane in the early Palaeozoic. The age of these slope deposits is controversial; therefore, a precise biostratigraphic scheme is critical to reveal the evolution of the South American continental margin of Gondwana. The study of lithic deposits of two sections of the Los Sombreros Formation, the El Salto and Los Túneles sections, provides important information for further understanding the depositional history of the slope. At El Salto section, the conodonts recovered from an allochthonous block refer to the Cordylodus proavus Zone (upper Furongian). The conodonts recovered from the matrix of a calclithite bed of the Los Sombreros Formation in the Los Túneles section are assigned to the Lenodus variabilis Zone (early Darriwilian), providing a minimum age for this stratigraphic unit. In addition, clasts from this sample yielded conodonts from the Paltodus deltifer − Macerodus dianae zones (upper Tremadocian). The contrasting conodont colour alterations and preservation states from the elements of two latter records, coming from the same sample, argue the reworked clasts originated in the carbonate platform and later transported to the slope during the accretion process of the Precordilleran Terrane to the South American Gondwanan margin during the Middle–Late Ordovician.

Keywords

conodontsCambrian–OrdovicianbiostratigraphyPrecordilleraArgentina
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Issue 4 , April 2020 , pp. 539 - 550
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abaimova, GP (1975) Early Ordovician conodonts from the middle reaches of the Lena River. Transaction Series of the Siberian Scientific Research Institute for Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy, Novosibirsk, 207, 1–129.Google Scholar
Aceñolaza, GF and Albanesi, GL (1997) Conodont–trilobite biostratigraphy of the Santa Rosita Formation (Tremadoc) from Chucalezna, Cordillera Oriental, northern Argentina. Ameghiniana 34, 114.Google Scholar
Albanesi, GL and Bergström, SM (2010) Early–Middle Ordovician conodont paleobiogeography with special regard to the geographic origin of the Argentine Precordillera: a multivariate data analysis. In The Ordovician Earth system (eds Finney, SC and Berry, WBN), pp. 119–39. Geological Society of America, Special Paper no. 466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albanesi, GL, Bergström, SM, Schmitz, B, Serra, F, Feltes, NA, Voldman, GG and Ortega, G (2013) Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy in the Precordillera of Argentina: documentation of the Middle Darriwilian Isotope Carbon Excursion (MDICE) and its use for intercontinental correlation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 389, 48–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albanesi, GL, Cañas, F and Mango, M (2016) Fauna de conodontes tremadocianos del techo de la Formación La Silla en el Cerro Viejo de San Roque, Precordillera Central de San Juan. In III Jornadas de Geología de Precordillera, San Juan. Acta Geológica Lilloana, 28 (Supl.), pp. 14–20.Google Scholar
Albanesi, GL, Esteban, SB, Ortega, G, Hünicken, MA and Barnes, CR (2005) Bioestratigrafía y ambientes sedimentarios de las formaciones Volcancito y Bordo Atravesado (Cámbrico Superior y Ordovícico Inferior), Sistema de Famatina, provincia de La Rioja, Argentina. In Geología de la provincia de La Rioja: Precámbrico e Paleozoico inferior (eds Dahlquist, JA, Baldo, EG and Alasino, PH), pp. 41–64. Asociación Geológica Argentina, Serie D: Publicación Especial, 8.Google Scholar
Albanesi, GL, Giuliano, ME, Pacheco, F, Ortega, G and Monaldi, CR (2015) Conodonts from the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina. Stratigraphy 12, 237–56.Google Scholar
Albanesi, GL, Hünicken, MA and Barnes, CR (1998) Bioestratigrafía, biofacies y taxonomía de conodontes de las secuencias ordovícicas del cerro Potrerillo, Precordillera Central de San Juan, R. Argentina. Actas Academia Nacional de Ciencias 12, 1–253.Google Scholar
Albanesi, GL and Ortega, G (1998) Conodont and graptolite faunas from the Las Plantas Formation and equivalent units (Caradoc) in the Argentine Precordillera. Seventh International Conodont Symposium Held in Europe, Abstracts: 1–2. Bologna–Modena.Google Scholar
Albanesi, GL and Ortega, G (2016). Conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy of the Ordovician System of Argentina. Stratigraphy & Timescales 1, 61–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albanesi, GL, Ortega, G and Hünicken, MA (1995) Conodontes y graptolitos de la Formación Yerba Loca (Arenigiano–Llandeiliano) en las quebradas de Ancaucha y El Divisadero, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. Boletín Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba 60, 365–400.Google Scholar
Albanesi, GL, Ortega, G and Hünicken, MA (2006) Bioestratigrafía de conodontes y graptolitos silúricos en la sierra de Talacasto, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. Ameghiniana 43, 93–112.Google Scholar
Alonso, JL, Gallastegui, J, García-Sansegundo, J, Farias, P, Fernández, LR and Ramos, VA (2008) Extensional tectonics and gravitational collapse in an Ordovician passive margin: the Western Argentine Precordillera. Gondwana Research 13, 204–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, TX, Du, GQ, Gao, QQ, Chen, XB and Li, WT (1981) Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the Huanghuachang area of Yichang, Hubei. In Selected Papers of the First Symposium of the Micropalaeontological Society of China (pp. 105–13). Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
An, TX, Zhang, F, Xiang, W, Zhang, Y, Xu, W, Zhang, H and Yang, X (1983) The Conodonts of North China and the Adjacent Regions. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 223 pp.Google Scholar
An, TX and Zheng, SC (1990) The Conodonts of the Marginal Areas around the Ordos Basin, North China. Beijing: Science Press, 199 pp.Google Scholar
Astini, RA (1992) Tectofacies ordovícicas y evolución de la cuenca Eopaleozoica de la Precordillera Argentina. Estudios Geológicos 48, 315–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astini, RA (1998) Stratigraphical evidence supporting the rifting, drifting and collision of the Laurentian Precordillera terrane of western Argentina. In The Proto-Andean Margin of Gondwana eds Pankhurst, RJ and Rapela, CW), pp. 11–33. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astini, RA, Ramos, AV, Benedetto, JL, Vaccari, EN and Cañas, FL (1996) La Precordillera: un terreno exótico de Gondwana. XIII Congreso Geológico Argentino y III Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires. Actas 5, 293–324.Google Scholar
Bagnoli, G, Stouge, S and Tongiorgi, M (1988) Acritarchs and conodonts from the Cambro-Ordovician Furuhäll (Köpingsklint) section (Öland, Sweden). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 94, 163–248.Google Scholar
Baldis, BS, Berresi, MS, Bordonaro, O and Vaca, A (1982) Síntesis evolutiva de la Precordillera Argentina. V Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Buenos Aires. Actas 4, 399–445.Google Scholar
Banchig, A and Bordonaro, OL (1994) Reinterpretación de la Formación Los Sombreros: secuencia olistostrómica de talud, Precordillera Argentina. V Reunión Argentina de Sedimentología, San Miguel de Tucumán. Actas 1, 283–8.Google Scholar
Banchig, AL, Keller, M and Milana, JP (1990) Brechas calcáreas de la Formación Los Sombreros, quebrada Ojo de Agua, sierra del Tontal, San Juan. XI Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Juan. Actas 2, 149–52.Google Scholar
Banchig, AL and Moya, MC (2002) La zona de Tetragraptus approximatus (Ordovícico Inferior) en la Sierra del Tontal, Precordillera occidental argentina. VIII Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Corrientes. Resúmenes: 83.Google Scholar
Barnes, CR (1988) The proposed Cambrian–Ordovician global boundary stratotype and point (GSSP) in western Newfoundland, Canada. Geological Magazine 125, 381–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, CR and Poplawski, MS (1973) Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Mystic Formation, Quebec, Canada. Journal of Paleontology 47, 760–90.Google Scholar
Benedetto, JL and Herrera, ZA (1986) Braquiópodos del suborden Strophomenidina de la Formación San Juan (Ordovıcico temprano), Precordillera Argentina. In Simposia; Bioestratigrafıa del Paleozoico Inferior (Cuerda, Alfredo-Chairperson). Actas del Congreso Argentino de Paleontologıa y Bioestratigrafıa 4 (vol. 1, pp. 113–123).Google Scholar
Benedetto, JL and Vaccari, NE (1992) Significado estratigráfico y tectónico de los complejos de bloques resedimentados cambro-ordovícicos de la Precordillera Occidental, Argentina. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Estudios Geológicos 48, 305–13. Madrid.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bordonaro, O (2003) Review of the Cambrian stratigraphy of the Argentine Precordillera. Geologica Acta: An International Earth Science Journal, 1, 11–21.Google Scholar
Borrello, AV (1969) Embriotectónica y tectónica tensional. Su importancia en la evolución estructural de la Precordillera. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 24, 5–13.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, LE (1969) Conodonts from the Fort Peña Formation (Middle Ordovician), Marathon Basin, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 43, 1137–68.Google Scholar
Buggisch, W, Von Gosen, W, Henjes-Kunst, F and Krumm, S (1994) The age of Early Paleozoic deformation and metamorphism in the Argentine Precordillera: evidence from K-Ar data. Zentralblatt Geologie und Palaentologie, Teil 1, 275–86.Google Scholar
Cañas, F (1995) Early Ordovician carbonate platform facies of the Argentine Precordillera: restricted shelf to open platform evolution. In VII International Symposium on the Ordovician System (eds Cooper, JD, Drosser, MK and Finney, SC), pp. 221–4. Book 77, Society for Sedimentary Geology, Fullerton, California.Google Scholar
Chen, MY and Zhang, JH (1989) Ordovician conodonts from the Shitai región, Anhui. Acta Micropaleontologica Sinica 6, 213–28Google Scholar
Chugaeva, MN and Apollonov, MK (1982) The Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Batyrbai section, Malyi Karatau Range. Kazakhstan, USSR. In The Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary: Sections, Fossil Distributions, and Correlations (eds Bassett, MG & Dean, WT), pp. 77–85. Geological Series no. 3. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Cingolani, C, Varela, R, Cuerda, A and Schauer, O (1987) Estratigrafía y estructura de la sierra del Tontal, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. 10° Congreso Geológico Argentino, Tucumán. Actas 3, 95–8.Google Scholar
Cuerda, A, Cingolani, CA and Varela, R (1983) Las graptofaunas de la Formación Los Sombreros, Ordovícico inferior, de la vertiente oriental de la Sierra del Tontal, Precordillera de San Juan. Ameghiniana 20, 239–60.Google Scholar
Dubinina, EE, Sal’nikova, LJ and Efimova, LF (1983) Aktivnost’i izofermentnyj spektr superoksiddismutazy jeritrocytov [Activity and isoenzyme spectrum of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase]. Lab. Delo, 10, 30–3.Google Scholar
Dubinina, SV (1991) Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician conodont associations from open ocean paleoenvironments, illustrated by Batyrbay and Sarykum sections in Kazakhstan. In Advances in Ordovician Geology (eds Barnes, CR and Williams, SH), pp. 107–24. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper, 90–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, AG, Epstein, JB and Harris, L (1977) Conodont color alterarion: an index to organic metamorphism. USGS Professional Paper 995, 1–27.Google Scholar
Ethington, RL, Engel, KM and Elliott, KL (1987) An abrupt change in conodont faunas in the Lower Ordovician of the Midcontinent Province. In Palaeobiology of Conodonts. British Micropal (ed. Aldridge, RL), pp. 111–28. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Ltd Publ.Google Scholar
Feltes, NA, Albanesi, GL and Bergström, SM (2016) Conodont biostratigraphy and global correlation of the middle Darriwilian – lower Sandbian Las Aguaditas formation, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina. Andean Geology 43, 60–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giuliano, ME, Albanesi, GL, Ortega, GC, Zeballo, FJ and Monaldi, CR (2013) Conodonts and graptolites of the Santa Rosita Formation (Tremadocian) at the Nazareno area, Santa Victoria range, Cordillera Oriental of Salta, Argentina. In 3rd International Conodont Symposium: Conodonts from the Andes (eds Albanesi, GL and Ortega, G), pp. 39–44.Google Scholar
Heredia, SE (1995) Conodontes Cámbricos y Ordovícicos en los bloques alóctonos del conglomerado basal de la Formación Empozada, Ordovício Medio-Superior, San Isidro, Precordillera de Mendoza, Argentina. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 60, 235–47.Google Scholar
Jones, PJ (1971) Lower Ordovician Conodonts from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin and the Daly River Basin, Northwestern Australia. Canberra: Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics.Google Scholar
Kanygin, AV, Moskalenko, TA and Yadrenkina, AG (1989) The Ordovician of the Siberian Platform, Fauna and Stratigraphy of the Lena Facies Zone. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 216 pp. (in Russian).Google Scholar
Kay, SM, Ramos, VA and Kay, R (1984) Elementos mayoritarios y trazas de las vulcanitas ordovícicas en la Precordillera Occidental: Basaltos de rift oceánicos tempranos (?) próximos al margen continental. Actas 2, 48–65.Google Scholar
Keller, M (1999) Argentine Precordillera Sedimentary and Plate Tectonic History of Laurentian Crustal Fragments in South America. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, M, Cañas, F, Lehnert, O and Vaccari, NE (1994) The Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of the Precordillera (western Argentina): some stratigraphic reconsiderations. Newsletters on Stratigraphy 31, 115–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Küppers, AN and Pohler, SML (1992) Discovery of the first Early Ordovician conodonts from the Montagne Noire, southern France. In Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology (eds Webby, BD and Laurie, JR), pp. 487–94. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Landing, E (1983) Highgate Gorge: Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician continental slope deposition and biostratigraphy, northwestern Vermont. Journal of Paleontology 57, 1149–87.Google Scholar
Landing, E and Barnes, CR (1981) Conodonts from the Cape Clay Formation (Lower Ordovician), southern Devon Island, Arctic Archipelago. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18, 1609–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehnert, O (1994) A Cordylodus proavus fauna from West-Central Argentina (Los Sombreros Formation, Sierra del Tontal, San Juan Province). Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie H, 1, 245–61.Google Scholar
Lehnert, O (1995) Ordovizische Conodonten aus der Präkordillere Westargentiniens: Ihre Bedenutung für Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie. Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen 125, 1–193.Google Scholar
Lindström, M (1955) Conodonts from the lowermost Ordovician strata of south-central Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 76, 517–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindström, M (1971) Lower Ordovician conodonts of Europe. In Symposium on Conodont Biostratigraphy (eds Sweety, WC and Bergström, SM) pp. 21–61. Memoirs of the Geological Society of America 127.Google Scholar
Löfgren, AM (1978) Arenigian and Llanvirn conodonts from Jämtland, northern Sweden. Fossils and Strata 13, 129 pp.Google Scholar
Löfgren, A (1993) Arenig conodont successions from central Sweden. GFF 115, 193–207.Google Scholar
Löfgren, AM (1994) Arenig (Lower Ordovician) conodonts and biozonation in the eastern Siljan District, central Sweden. Journal of Paleontology, 68, 1350–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Löfgren, A (1997) Conodont faunas from the upper Tremadoc at Brattefors, south‐central Sweden, and reconstruction of the Paltodus apparatus. GFF 119, 257–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Löfgren, AM and Zhang, J (2003) Element association and morphology in some Middle Ordovician platform-equipped conodonts. Journal of Paleontology 77, 721–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, DR (1982) Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 52, 279–97.Google Scholar
Mägi, S and Viira, V (1976) Rasprostranenie konodontov i bezzamkovykh brakhiopod v tseratopigevom i latorpskom gorizontakh Severnoj Éstonii [On the distribution of conodonts and inarticulate brachiopods in the Ceratopyge and Latorpian Stages]. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised, Keemia, Geoloogia 25, 312–18.Google Scholar
Manca, N, Heredia, S, Hünicken, MA and Rubinstein, C (1995) Macrofauna, Conodontes y Acritarcos de la Formación Santa Rosita (Tremadociano), Nazareno, Provincia de Salta, Argentina. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias 60, 267–75.Google Scholar
Mango, MJ and Albanesi, GL (2018) Biostratigraphy and provincialism of conodonts from the middle-upper San Juan Formation in cerro Viejo of Huaco, Precordillera, Argentina. Andean Geology 45, 274–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mango, MJ and Albanesi, GL (2018) Conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy of the lower–middle Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician), Cerro Viejo of Huaco, Argentine Precordillera. Geological Journal 1–13.Google Scholar
Mestre, A and Heredia, SE (2013) La zona de Yangtzeplacognathus crassus (conodonta), Darriwiliano de la Precordillera Central, San Juan, Argentina. Ameghiniana 50, 407–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, JF (1988) Conodonts as biostratigraphic tools for redefinition and correlation of the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. Geological Magazine 125, 349–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, JF, Evans, KR, Loch, JD, Ethington, RL, Stitt, JH, Holmer, L and Popov, LE (2003) Stratigraphy of the Sauk III Interval (Cambrian-Ordovician) in the Ibex Area, Western Millard County, Utah and Central Texas. BYU Geology Studies 47, 23–118.Google Scholar
Moya, MC, Malanca, S, Monteros, JA, Albanesi, GL, Ortega, G and Buatois, L (2003) Late Cambrian – Tremadocian faunas and events from the Angosto del Moreno Section, Eastern Cordillera, Argentina. In Ordovician from the Andes, Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, San Juan, Argentina (eds Albanesi, GL, Beresi, MS and Peralta, SH), pp. 439–44. Serie Correlación Geológica 17. Tucumán: INSUGEO.Google Scholar
Mutti, E (1999) An introduction to the analysis of ancient turbidite basins from an outcrop perspective. AAPG Continuing Education Course Note, No. 39. Tulsa, Oklahoma: American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Google Scholar
Nicoll, RS (1991) Differentiation of Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician species of Cordylodus (Conodonta) with biapical basal cavities. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 12, 223–44.Google Scholar
Nicoll, RS, Miller, JF, Nowlan, GS, Repetski, JE and Ethington, RL (1999) Iapetonudus (new genus) and Iapetognathus Landing, unusual earliest Ordovician multielement conodont taxa and their utility for biostratigraphy. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 44, 27–101.Google Scholar
Nicoll, RS and Playford, PE (1993) Upper Devonian iridium anomalies, conodont zonation and the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 104, 105–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, G (1987) Las graptofaunas y los conodontes de la Formación Los Azules, cerro Viejo, zona de Huaco. Ph.D. thesis, Universidad Nacional de Salta, San Juan, Argentina, 210 pp.Google Scholar
Ortega, G, Albanesi, GL, Heredia, SE and Beresi, MS (2007) Nuevos registros de graptolitos y conodontes (Ordovícicos) en las formaciones Estancia San Isidro y Empozada, quebrada San Isidro, Precordillera de Mendoza. Ameghiniana 44, 697–718.Google Scholar
Ortega, G, Banchig, AL, Voldman, GG, Albanesi, GL, Alonso, JL, Festa, A and Cardó, R (2014) Nuevos registros de graptolitos y conodontes en la Formación Los Sombreros (Ordovícico), Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. In 19º Congreso Geológico Argentino, Córdoba vol. S2, p. 16.Google Scholar
Ortega, G, Brusa, E and Astini, R (1991) Nuevos hallazgos de graptolitos en la Formación Yerba Loca y su implicancia estratigráfica, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. Ameghiniana Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina 28, 163–78. Buenos Aires.Google Scholar
Ortiz, A and Zambrano, JJ (1981) La provincia geológica Precordillera Oriental. XIII Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Luis. Actas 3, 59–74.Google Scholar
Peralta, SH (2005) The Lower Emsian?-Middle Devonian? Extensional basin of the Los Sombreros and Rinconada Formation: its tectosedimentary significance in the evolution of the Precordillera. Gondwana 12. Geological and Biological Heritage of Gondwana. Abstracts. Mendoza: 289.Google Scholar
Peralta, SH and Heredia, SE (2005) Depósitos de olistostromas del Devónico (Inferior?-Medio?), Formación Los Sombreros en la quebrada de San Isidro, Precordillera de Mendoza, Argentina. XVI Congreso Geológico Argentino, La Plata. Actas 4, 621–6.Google Scholar
Pohler, SM and James, NP (1989) Reconstruction of a lower/middle Ordovician carbonate shelfmargin: Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Facies 21, 189–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popov, LE and Tolmacheva, TJ (1995) Conodont distribution in a deep-water Cambrian-Ordovician boundary sequence from south-central Kazakhstan. Conodont distribution in a deep-water Cambrian – Ordovician boundary sequence from south – central Kazakhstan. In Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System, (eds JD Cooper, ML Droser and SC Finney), Pacific Section Society for Sedimentary Geology, Book 77, Fullerton CA, 121–4.Google Scholar
Ramos, VA, Dallmeyer, RD and Vujovich, G (1998) Time constraints on the Early Palaeozoic docking of the Precordillera, central Argentina. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 142, 143–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, VA, Jordan, TE, Allmendinger, RW, Mpodozis, C, Kay, SM, Cortés, JM and Palma, M (1986) Paleozoic terranes of the central Argentine‐Chilean Andes. Tectonics 5, 855–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, RI (1999) Los conodontes Cambro-Ordovícicos de la Sierra de Cajas y del Espinazo del Diablo, Cordillera Oriental, República Argentina. Revista Española de Micropaleontología 31, 23–51.Google Scholar
Rao, RI and Flores, FJ (1998) Conodontes ordovícicos (Tremadoc superior) de la sierra de Aguilar, provincia de Jujuy, República Argentina. Bioestratigrafía y tafonomía. Revista Española de Micropaleontología 30, 5–20.Google Scholar
Repetski, JE (1982) Conodonts from El Paso Group (Lower Ordovician) of western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir 40, 1–119.Google Scholar
Sarmiento, GN, Gutiérrez-Marco, JC and Rábano, I (1995) A biostratigraphical approach to the Middle Ordovician conodonts from Spain. In Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System, (eds JD Cooper, ML Droser and SC Finney). Fullerton CA: Pacific Section Society for Sedimentary Geology, Book 77, 61–4.Google Scholar
Sarmiento, GN, Vaccari, NE and Peralta, SH (1988) Conodontes ordovícicos de La Rinconada, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina. IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafia, Actas 3, 219–24. Mendoza.Google Scholar
Serra, F, Albanesi, GL, Ortega, G and Bergstrom, SM (2015) Conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy and global correlation for the Mid-Late Ordovician in the Las Chacritas river section, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina. Geological Magazine 152, 813–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, F, Feltes, NA, Henderson, MA and Albanesi, GL (2017b) Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) conodont biofacies from the Central Precordillera of Argentina. Marine Micropaleontology 130, 15–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, F, Feltes, NA, Ortega, G and Albanesi, GL (2017a) Lower middle Darriwilian (Ordovician) graptolites and index conodonts from the Central Precordillera of San Juan Province, Argentina. Geological Journal, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, MP (1991) Early Ordovician conodonts of East North Green- land. Meddelelser om Grønland. Geoscience 26, 1–81.Google Scholar
Spalletti, LA, Cingolani, CA, Varela, R and Cuerda, AJ (1989) Sediment gravity flow deposits of an Ordovician deep-sea fan system (western Precordillera, Argentina). Sedimentary Geology 61, 287–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, J (1987) Review of investigative techniques used in the study of conodontes. In Conodonts: Investigative Techniques and Applications (ed. Austin, RL), pp. 17–34. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Limited.Google Scholar
Stouge, S (1984) Conodonts of the Middle Ordovician Table Head Formation, western Newfoundland. Fossils and Strata 16, 1–145.Google Scholar
Stouge, S and Bagnoli, G (1990) Lower Ordovician (Volkhovian–Kundan) conodonts from Hagudden, northern Öland,Sweden. Palaeontographia Italica 77, 1–54.Google Scholar
Tipnis, RS, Chatterton, BDE and Ludvigsen, R (1978) Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the southern District of Mackenzie, Canada. In Western and Arctic Canadian Biostratigraphy, (eds CR Stelck and BE Chatterton) Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 18, 39–91.Google Scholar
Uyeno, TT and Barnes, CR (1970) Conodonts from the Lévis Formation (Zone D1) (Middle Ordovician), Lévis, Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 187, 99–123.Google Scholar
Vaccari, NE (1988) Primer hallazgo de trilobites del Cámbrico Inferior en la Provincia de La Rioja (Precordillera septentrional). Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 43, 558–61.Google Scholar
van Wamel, WA (1974) Conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of north-western Öland, south-eastern Sweden. Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Viira, V, Segeeva, S and Popov, L (1987) Earliest representatives of the genus Cordylodus (Conodonta) from Cambro-Ordovician boundary beds of North Estonia and Leningrad region. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR, Geology 36, 145–53.Google Scholar
Voldman, GG, Albanesi, GL and Ramos, VA (2009) Ordovician metamorphic event in the carbonate platform of the Argentine Precordillera: implications for the geotectonic evolution of the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Geology 37, 311–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voldman, GG, Alonso, JL, Fernández, LP, Banchig, AL, Albanesi, GL, Ortega, G and Cardó, R (2016) Cambrian–Ordovician, conodonts from slump deposits of the Argentine Precordillera: new insights into its passive margin development. Geological Magazine 155, 85–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voldman, GG, Alonso, JL, Fernández, LP, Ortega, G, Albanesi, GL, Banchig, AL and Cardó, R (2018) Tips on the SW-Gondwana margin: Ordovician conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy of allochthonous blocks in the Rinconada mélange, Argentine Precordillera. Andean Geology 45, 399–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z-h and Bergström, SM (1995) Castlemainian (Late Yushanian) to Darriwillian (Zhejiangian) conodont faunas. Palaeoworld 5, 86–91.Google Scholar
Watson, ST (1988) Ordovician conodonts from the Canning Basin (W. Australia). Palaeontographica Abteilung A 203, 91–147.Google Scholar
Zeballo, FJ and Albanesi, GL (2009) Conodontes cámbricos y Jujuyaspis keideli Kobayashi (Trilobita) en el Miembro Alfarcito de la Formación Santa Rosita, quebrada de Humahuaca, Cordillera Oriental de Jujuy. Ameghiniana 46, 537–56.Google Scholar
Zeballo, FJ, Albanesi, GL and Ortega, G (2008) New records of late Tremadocian (early Ordovician) conodonts and graptolites from the eastern Cordillera, Jujuy province, Argentina. Geologica Acta 6, 131–45.Google Scholar
Zeballo, FJ, Albanesi, GL, Voldman, GG and Monaldi, CR (2013) New records of Tremadocian conodonts (early Ordovician) from the Zenta Range, Jujuy Province, Argentina. In Conodonts from the Andes, (eds Albanesi, GL and Ortega, G), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conodont Symposium & Regional Field Meeting of the IGCP Project 591. Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. Publicación Especial 13, 129–33.Google Scholar