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III.—On Subaërial Denudation, and on Cliffs and Escarpments of the Chalk and Lower Tertiary Beds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

William Whitaker
William Whitaker
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of England.
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Extract

For some years geologists have more or less agreed in the view that the present features of the earth, whether hill, valley, or plain (with some small exceptions, as volcanic outbursts) have been formed directly by denudation; though indirectly disturbances, whether faults upheavals or sinkings, have of course had their effect in determining the flow, so to speak, of the denuding agent.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 4 , Issue 40 , October 1867 , pp. 447 - 454
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1867

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References

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page 448 note 2 Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory, 8vo.; Edin., 1802. Reprinted in vol. i. of Playfair's Works, 1822. See pp. 105–7, 110–14, 373–6 of the original edition ═pp. 117–19, 122–5, 370–2 of the later one.Google Scholar

page 448 note 3 Memoir on the Geology of Central France, 4to., Lond., 1827. Ed. 2, 8vo., 1858 pp. 37, 38, 97, 158, 159, 205–9, 213, 244;Google Scholar and Geol. Mag., Vol. III. p. 193 (1866). Scrope, Mr. touched on the subject before in his “Consideration on Volcanos,” 8vo. Lond., 1825 (pp. 96, 97, 138, 139, 214, 215).Google Scholar

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page 449 note 2 Rain and Rivers, 8vo, Lond., 1857. Ed. 2 in 1866.Google Scholar

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page 449 note 8 I believe that: Professor Ramsay started this argument against the marine origin of escarpments.—W. W.Google Scholar

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page 450 note 13 Part 3 (Geology) of Lieut. Ives' Eeport on the Colorada Eiver of the West 1861. References to other remarks on denudation by this author are given in Professor Hind's paper referred to above.

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page 451 note 1 It would be overburdening this paper with foot-notes were I to acknowledge the many sources whence some of the following arguments have been in great part derived; enough to refer the reader to the list of authors given before. I would gladly have quoted largely from Hutton, Playfair, Scrope, and others, but the paper would have been much lengthened thereby.

page 452 note 1 Geol. Mag. Vol. II., p. 26. (1865.)Google Scholar

page 452 note 2 1865. pp 351–5. As Sir Charles does not now hold that these needless are signs of the action of the sea (see before, p. 449), it might be thought needless here to controvert that idea. However, as it is contained in the last edition of his “Elements,” a work constantly referred to by geologists, I have let this paragraph stand.Google Scholar

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1 Professor Ramsay has noticed the great thickness of solid rock that must have been denuded in Wales (Mem. Geol. Surv. vol. i. p. 297, and plates. 4, 5, 1846; and vol. iii. p. 236, and pl. 28, 1866). I believe that the former of these was the first attempt at showing the vast amount of denudation that has taken place.Google Scholar