Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T03:49:07.200Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Estimating rates of calcrete formation and sediment accretion in ancient alluvial deposits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

V. P. Wright*
Affiliation:
Postgraduate Research Institute for Sedimentology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AB, U.K.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The use of calcrete horizons as a means of assessing rates of sediment accretion in ancient alluvial sequences is reviewed. Any attempt to use such horizons in quantifying ancient alluvial deposition must appreciate that accurate data on rates of formation of Quaternary calcretes are limited. Such data show considerable variations in the rates and no reliable data exist at all for some calcrete types. The abundance of calcretes in the geological record warrants a new initiative to improve our understanding oftheir origins and rates of formation.

Type
Letter
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

References

Allen, J. R. L. 1974. Studies in fluvial sedimentation: implications of pedogenic carbonate units, Lower Old Red Sandstone, Anglo-Welsh outcrop. Geological Journal 9, 181208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J. R. L. 1986. Pedogenic calcretes in the Old Red Sandstone facies (Late Silurian-early Carboniferous) of the Anglo-Welsh area, southern Britain. In Paleosols: their recognition and interpretation (ed. Wright, V. P.), pp. 5886. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Arakel, A. V. & McConchie, D. 1982. Classification andgenesis of calcrete and gypsite lithofacies in paleodrainage systems of inland Australiaand their relationship to carnotite mineralisation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 52, 1149–70.Google Scholar
Behrensmeyer, A. K. & Tauxe, L. 1982. Isochronous fluvial systems in Miocene deposits of northern Pakistan. Sedimentology 29, 331–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvet, F. 1982. Constructive micrite envelopes developed in vadose continental environments in Pleistocene eolianites of Mallorca, Spain. Acta Geological Hispanica 3, 169–78.Google Scholar
Carlisle, D. 1983. Concentration of uranium and vanadium in calcretes andgypcretes. In Residual Deposits (ed. Wilson, R. C. L.), pp. 185–95. Geological Society of London Special Publication no. 11.Google Scholar
Collinson, J. D. 1986. Alluvial Sediments. In Sedimentary Environments and Facies (ed. Reading, H. G.), pp. 2062. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Elbersen, G. W. W. 1982. Mechanical replacement processes in mobile soft calcic horizons; their role in soil and landscape genesis in an area near Merida, Spain. Agricultural Research Reports no. 919 (Wageningen, the Netherlands).Google Scholar
Gile, L. H. 1977. Holocene soils and soil-geomorphic relations ina semiarid region of southern new Mexico. Quaternary Research 7, 112–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gile, L. H., Hawley, J. W. & Grossman, R. B. 1981. Soils and geomorphology in the Basin and Range area of southern New Mexico – guidebook to the Desert Project. Memoir 39, New Mexico Bureau of Mineral Resources. 222 pp.Google Scholar
Gile, L. H., Peterson, F. F. & Grossman, R. B. 1966. Morphological and genetic sequences of carbonate accumulation in desert soils. Soil Science 100, 347–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goudie, A. S. 1983. Calcrete. In Chemical Sediments and Geomorphology (eds Goudie, A. S. and Pye, K.), pp. 93131. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hay, R. L. & Reeder, R. J. 1978. Calcretes of OlduvaiGorge and the Ndolanya Beds of northern Tanzania. Sedimentology 25, 649–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubert, J. F. 1977. Paleosol caliche in the New Haven Arkose, Newark group, Connecticut. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 24, 151–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, B. & Kwok-Choi, N. 1988. The structure and diagenesis of rhizoliths from Cayman Brac, British West Indies. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 58, 457–67.Google Scholar
Klappa, C. F. 1979. Calcified filaments in Quaternary calcretes: mineral interactions in the subaerial vadose environment. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 49, 955–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klappa, C. F. 1980. Rhizoliths in terrestrial carbonates: classification, recognition, genesis and significance. Sedimentology 24, 657–74.Google Scholar
Lattman, L. H. 1973. Calcium carbonate cementation of alluvial fans in southern Nevada. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 84, 3013–28.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeder, M. R. 1975. Pedogenic carbonates and flood sediment accretion rates: a quantitative model for alluvial arid-zone lithofacies. GeologicalMagazine 112, 257–70.Google Scholar
Machette, M. N. 1985. Calcic soils of the southwestern United States. In Soils and Quaternary Geology of the Southwestern United States (ed. Wiede, D. L.), pp. 121. Geological Society of America Special Paper 203.Google Scholar
Marion, G. M., Schlesinger, W. H. & Fonteyn, P. J. 1985. Caldep: a regional model for soil CaCO3 (caliche) deposition in southwestern deserts. Soil Science 139, 468–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzo, M., Nijman, W. & Puigdefabregas, C. 1988. Architecture of the Castissent fluvial sheet sandstones. Eocene, south Pyrenees, Spain. Sedimentology 35, 719–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFadden, L. D. 1988. Climatic influences on rates and processes of soil development in Quaternary deposits of southern California. In Paleosolsand Weathering Through Geologic Time (eds Reinhardt, J. and Sigleo, W. R.), pp. 153–77. Geological Society of America Special Paper 216.Google Scholar
McPherson, J. G. 1979. Calcrete (caliche) paleosols in fluvial red beds of the Aztec Siltstone (Upper Devonian), South Victoria Land, Antarctica. Sedimentary Geology 22, 267–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Netterberg, F. 1980. Geology of south African calcretes: 1. terminology, description, macrofeatures, and classification. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 83, 255–83.Google Scholar
Nickel, E. 1982. Alluvial-fan-carbonate facies with evaporites. Eocene Guarga Formation, southern Pyrenees, Spain. Sedimentology 29, 761–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, S. E., Milnes, A. R. & Foster, R. C. 1987. Calcified filaments: an example of biological influences in the formation of calcrete in South Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Science 25, 405–28.Google Scholar
Retallack, G.J. 1986. The fossil record of soils. In Paleosols: their recognition and interpretation (ed. Wright, V. P.), pp. 157. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Robbin, D. M. & Stipp, J. J. 1979. Depositional rate of laminated soilstone crusts, Florida Keys. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 49, 175–80.Google Scholar
Semeniuk, V. & Meagher, T. D. 1981. Calcrete in Quaternary dunes in southwestern Australia: a capillary-rise phenomenon associated with plants. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 51, 4768.Google Scholar
Shlemon, R. J. 1978. Quaternary soil-geomorphic relationships, southeastern Mojave Desert, California and Arizona. In Quaternary Soils (ed Mahaney, W. C.), pp. 187207. Norwich: Geological Abstracts.Google Scholar
Steel, R.J. 1974. Cornstone (fossil caliche): its origin, stratigraphic and sedimentological importance in the New Red Sandstone, west Scotland. Journal of Geology 82, 351–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, V. P. 1990. A micromorphological classification of fossil and Recent calcic and petrocalcic microstructures. Proceedings of International Working Meeting on Soil Micromorphology, San Antonio, Texas, 1988 (in press).Google Scholar
Wright, V. P., Platt, N. H. & Wimbledon, W. A. 1988. Biogenic laminar calcretes: evidence for calcified root mat horizons in paleosols. Sedimentology 35, 603–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar