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Contributions to the Theory of Magmatic Cycles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Arthur Holmes
Arthur Holmes
Affiliation:
The University, Durham.
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Extract

It is quite clear that Professor Joly's presentation of his theory of basaltic cycles is, taken alone, far too simple to match the complex details of geological history. In a former paper I attempted to extend the principles he has so persuasively advocated, by adding the conception of a peridotite cycle of longer period, and I was careful to point out that even this extension led to no more than a rough approximation to the actual realities of the earth's behaviour. As soon as details are considered, the pursuit of the subject leads its explorer into a maze of difficulties, because of the many interfering factors that must also be taken into account. Nevertheless, a broad survey of the earth's history suggests that Joly has surmised what is so far the only kind of process that even begins to correspond with the dominant facts. And that, without any qualification, is a very great achievement.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 63 , Issue 7 , July 1926 , pp. 306 - 329
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1926

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References

page 306 note 1 Geol. Mag., Vol. LXII, 1925, p. 540.Google Scholar

page 307 note 1 C.R. XIIIe Cong. Geo. Internat. (1922), 1924, pp. 349 and 351. See also L. W. Collet: Geogr. Journ., 04, 1926, p. 301.Google Scholar

page 307 note 2 The Nature and Origin of Fjords, 1913, p. 22 and chap. xxiv. See also F. Nansen: The Strandfiat and Isostasy, 1922, a work which clearly indicates that the subsidiary heaving due to isostatic adjustment during glacial and interglacial epochs is insufficient to explain the present deep submergence of the fjord countries.Google Scholar

page 309 note 1 The co-operation of peridotitic cycles appears to be necessary in order to produce the necessary amplitude of movement implied by the greater geosynclines of the past.

page 310 note 1 Schuchert, C.: A Text Book of Geology, pt. ii, 1924, p. 548.Google Scholar

page 310 note 2 Geol. Mag., Vol. LXII, 1925, p. 540. See also this paper, section 6.Google Scholar

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page 313 note 3 See also Orstrand, Van: Econ. Geology, 1926, p. 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 313 note 4 Daly, R. A.: Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. No. 340, 1924, p. 119. Proc. Am. Acad. Art Sci., vol. lx, 1925, p. 75.Google Scholar

page 314 note 1 Journ. Franklin. Inst., 08, 1925, p. 161.Google Scholar

page 314 note 2 Davis, W. M.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Wash., 02, 1926.Google Scholar

page 314 note 3 An important paper dealing with the exchange of atoms in heated solid bodies was read on 23rd April, 1926, by G. Hevesy at the Royal Danish Acad. of Science and Letters.

page 317 note 1 Holmes, A.: Q.J.G.S., vol. lxxiv, 1918, p. 31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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page 318 note 1 Joly, J.: Phil. Mag., 11, 1924, pp. 829–30. Unfortunately Joly's paper does not give details from which the B and C granites could be sorted out.Google Scholar

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page 320 note 1 For a suggestion with regard to the origin of the granitic rocks of the continents and their original distribution, see Holmes, A.: Nature, 6th 06, 1925, p. 873.Google Scholar

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page 324 note 1 For the application to the well-known andesite-rhyolite-basalt cycles of America and Japan, see p. 327.Google Scholar

page 325 note 1 See for example Washington, H. S.: Am. Journ. Sci., Oct., 1923, p. 361 (Hawaiian averages); Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. xxxiii, 1922 (Plateaubasalt averages). W. Campbell Smith: Q.J.G.S., vol. lxxxii, 1926, p. 44 (Christmas Is. analyses).Google Scholar

page 325 note 2 A greater volume change would imply less than 5 or 6 km. of magma beneath the oceans when the sub-continental layer became solid.

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page 329 note 2 Since this paper was completed a synopsis of an address by Dr. Tyrrell, G. W. has appeared (Geol. Mag., 06 1926, p. 284). In this address the application of the theory to petrogenesis as illustrated by the rocks of Scotland and Scandinavia is happily attempted.Google Scholar