Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:36:43.145Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clay-fraction strontium and neodymium isotopes in the Indus Fan: implications for sediment transport and provenance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2020

Samantha C. Carter Open the ORCID record for Samantha C. Carter [Opens in a new window] ,
Elizabeth M. Griffith ,
Peter D. Clift Open the ORCID record for Peter D. Clift [Opens in a new window] ,
Howie D. Scher  and
Timothy M. Dellapenna
Samantha C. Carter*
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH43210, USA
Elizabeth M. Griffith
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH43210, USA
Peter D. Clift
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, E235 Howe Russell Kniffen, Baton Rouge, LA70803, USA
Howie D. Scher
Affiliation:
School of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC29208, USA
Timothy M. Dellapenna
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX77554, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Samantha C. Carter, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Reconstructing the provenance of siliciclastic marine sediment is important for understanding sediment pathways and constraining palaeoclimate and erosion records. However, physical fractionation of different size fractions can occur during sediment transport, potentially biasing records derived from bulk sediment. In this study, records of radiogenic Sr and Nd isotopic composition and K/Al ratio of the separated clay fraction, as well as bulk grain size, are presented, measured from deep-sea sediments recovered from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Sites U1456 and U1457 in the Arabian Sea. These new records are compared with published bulk sediment records to investigate the influence of sediment transport on these proxies and to constrain provenance evolution and its relationship to climate variability since middle Miocene time. Correlations between grain size and the bulk sediment isotopic composition confirm that transport processes are influencing the bulk sediment record. This relationship, although present, is not as strong in the clay-fraction isotopic records. Heterogeneity of bulk sediment likely drives differences between bulk and clay records, thought to be largely controlled by sediment transport processes. The isotopic records reveal variations in provenance that correlate with climatic change at 8–7 Ma, as well as an increase in overall provenance variability beginning at c. 3.5 Ma, likely linked to monsoon strength and glacial–interglacial cycles. The clay-fraction records highlight the potential value of measuring proxy records from multiple size fractions to help constrain provenance records as well as investigate sediment transport and/or weathering and erosion processes recorded in deep-sea sediment archives.

Keywords

Arabian SeaExpedition 355erosionphysical fractionationSite U1456, Site U1457
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Special Issue 6: Climate-tectonic interactions in the eastern Arabian Sea , June 2020 , pp. 879 - 894
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alizai, A, Hillier, S, Clift, PD, Giosan, L, Hurst, A, VanLaningham, S and Macklin, M (2012) Clay mineral variations in Holocene terrestrial sediments from the Indus Basin. Quaternary Research 77, 368–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, PA and Hovius, N (1998) Sediment supply from landslide-dominated catchments: implications for basin-margin fans. Basin Research 10, 19–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, Z, Clemens, SC, Shen, J, Qiang, X, Jin, Z, Sun, Y, Prell, WL, Luo, J, Wang, S, Xu, H, Cai, Y, Zhou, W, Liu, X, Liu, W, Shi, Z, Yan, L, Xiao, X, Chang, H, Wu, F, Ai, L and Lu, F (2011) Glacial-interglacial Indian summer monsoon dynamics. Science 333, 719–24.Google ScholarPubMed
Andò, S, Aharonovich, S, Hahn, A, George, SC, Clift, PD and Garzanti, E (2019) Integrating heavy-mineral, geochemical and biomarker analyses of Plio-Pleistocene sandy and silty turbidites: a novel approach for provenance studies (Indus Fan, IODP Expedition 355). Geological Magazine, published online 14 Agust 2019, doi: 10.1017/S001675681900073.Google Scholar
Bayon, G, Toucanne, S, Skonieczny, C, André, L, Bermell, S, Cheron, S, Dennielou, B, Etoubleau, J, Freslon, N, Gauchery, T, Germain, Y, Jorry, SJ, Ménot, G, Monin, L, Ponzevera, E, Rouget, M-L, Tachikawa, K and Barrat, JA (2015) Rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in world river sediments revisited. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 170, 17–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berner, RA and Caldeira, K (1997) The need for mass balance and feedback in the geochemical carbon cycle. Geology 25, 955–6.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betzler, C, Eberli, GP, Kroon, D, Wright, JD, Swart, PK, Nath, BN, Alvarez-Zarakian, CA, Alonso-García, M, Bialik, OM, Blätter, CL, Guo, JA, Haffen, S, Horozal, S, Inoue, M, Jovane, L, Lanci, L, Laya, JC, Mee, ALH, Lüdmann, T, Nakakuni, M, Niino, K, Petruny, LM, Pratiwi, SD, Reijmer, JJG, Reolid, J, Slagle, AL, Sloss, CR, Su, X, Yao, Z and Young, JR (2016) The abrupt onset of the modern South Asian Monsoon winds. Scientific Reports 6, 1–10, doi: 10.1038/srep29838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beuselinck, L, Govers, G, Poesen, J, Degraer, G and Froyen, L (1998) Grain-size analysis by laser diffractometry: comparison with the sieve-pipette method. Catena 32, 193–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bookhagen, B, Thiede, RC and Strecker, MR (2005) Abnormal monsoon years and their control on erosion and sediment flux in the high, arid northwest Himalaya. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 231, 131–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouchez, J, Gaillardet, J, France-Lanord, C, Maurice, L and Dutra-Maia, P (2011a) Grain size control of river suspended sediment geochemistry: clues from Amazon River depth profiles. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 12(3), doi: 10.1029/2010GC003380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouchez, J, Lupker, M, Gaillardet, J, France-Lanord, C and Maurice, L (2011b) How important is it to integrate riverine suspended sediment chemical composition with depth? Clues from Amazon River depth-profiles. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, 6955–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouvier, A, Vervoort, JD and Patchett, PJ (2008) The Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotopic composition of CHUR: constraints from unequilibrated chondrites and implications for the bulk composition of terrestrial planets. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 48–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, L, Barnes, H and Bronk, K (2013) X-ray diffraction (XRD): quick user guide. International Ocean Discovery Program. Available at: https://iodp.tamu.edu/labs/documentation/index.html.Google Scholar
Buurman, P, Pape, T and Muggler, CC (1997) Laser grain-size determination in soil genetic studies 1. Practical problems. Soil Science 162, 211–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, M, Xu, Z, Clift, PD, Khim, B, Lim, D, Yu, Z, Kulhanek, DK and Li, T (2018) Long-term history of sediment inputs to the eastern Arabian Sea and its implications for the evolution of the Indian summer monsoon since 3.7 Ma. Geological Magazine, published online 27 December 2018, doi: 10.1017/S0016756818000857.Google Scholar
Carter, SC, Griffith, EM and Scher, HD (2017) Data report: 87Sr/86Sr in pore fluids from IODP Expedition 355 Arabian Sea Monsoon. In Arabian Sea Monsoon. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Volume 355 (eds Pandey, DK, Clift, PD, Kulhanek, DK and the Expedition 355 Scientists). College Station, TX: International Ocean Discovery Program.Google Scholar
Chamley, H (1989) Clay Sedimentology, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 267 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, OS and Gujar, AR (1996) Surficial clay mineral distribution on the southwestern continental margin of India: evidence of input from the Bay of Bengal. Continental Shelf Research 16, 321–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H, Xu, Z, Clift, PD, Lim, D, Khim, B and Yu, Z (2019) Orbital-scale evolution of the Indian summer monsoon since 1.2 Ma: evidence from clay mineral records at IODP Expedition 355 Site U1456 in the eastern Arabian Sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 174, 11–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD (2006) Controls on the erosion of Cenozoic Asia and the flux of clastic sediment to the ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241, 571–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD (2017) Cenozoic sedimentary records of climate-tectonic coupling in the Western Himalaya. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 4, 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD, Hodges, KV, Heslop, D, Hannigan, R, Van Long, H and Calves, G (2008) Correlation of Himalayan exhumation rates and Asian monsoon intensity. Nature Geoscience 1, 875–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD, Kulhanek, DK, Zhou, P, Bowen, MG, Vincent, SM, Lyle, M and Hahn, A (2019a) Chemical weathering and erosion responses to changing monsoon climate in the Late Miocene of Southwest Asia. Geological Magazine, published online 13 June 2019, doi: 10.1017/S0016756819000608.Google Scholar
Clift, PD, Shimizu, N, Layne, GD, Blusztajn, JS, Gaedicke, C, Schlüter, HU, Clark, MK and Amjad, S (2001) Development of the Indus Fan and its significance for the erosional history of the Western Himalaya and Karakoram. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 113, 1039–51.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clift, PD, Zhou, P, Stockli, DF and Blusztajn, J (2019b) Regional Pliocene exhumation of the Lesser Himalaya in the Indus drainage. Solid Earth 10, 647–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, LH (1988) Measurement of life events. In Life Events and Psychological Functioning: Theoretical and Methodological Issues (ed. Cohen, LH), pp. 11–30. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Colin, C, Turpin, L, Blamart, D, Frank, N, Kissel, C and Duchamp, S (2006) Evolution of weathering patterns in the Indo-Burman Ranges over the last 280 kyr: effects of sediment provenance on 87Sr/86Sr ratios tracer. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 7(3), doi: 10.1029/2005GC000962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahal, RK and Hasegawa, S (2008) Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya. Geomorphology 100, 429–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dailey, SK, Clift, PD, Kulhanek, DK, Blusztajn, J, Routledge, CM, Calvès, G, O’Sullivan, P, Jonell, TN, Pandey, DK, Andò, S, Coletti, G, Zhou, P, Li, Y, Neubeck, NE, Bendle, JAP, Aharonovich, S, Griffith, EM, Gurumurthy, GP, Hahn, A, Iwai, M, Khim, B-K, Kumar, AG, Kumar, AG, Liddy, HM, Lu, H, Lyle, MW, Mishra, R, Radhakrishna, T, Saraswat, R, Saxena, R, Scardia, G, Sharma, GK, Singh, AD, Steinke, S, Suzuki, K, Tauxe, L, Tiwari, M, Xu, Z and Yu, Z (2020) Large-scale mass wasting on the Miocene continental margin of western India. GSA Bulletin 132(1–2), 85–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasch, EJ (1969) Strontium isotopes in weathering profiles, deep-sea sediments, and sedimentary rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33, 1521–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Debrabant, P, Krissek, L, Bouquillon, A and Chamley, H (1991) Clay mineralogy of Neogene sediments of the western Arabian Sea: mineral abundances and paleoenvironmental implications. In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 117 (eds Prell, WL and Niitsuma, N), pp. 183–196. College Station, TX: Ocean Drilling Program.Google Scholar
Dellapenna, TM, Fielder, B, Noll, CJ and Savarese, M (2015) Geological responses to urbanization of the Naples Bay Estuarine System, Southwestern Florida, USA. Estuaries and Coasts 38, S81–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DePaolo, DJ and Wasserburg, GJ (1976) Nd isotopic variations and petrogenetic models. Geophysical Research Letters 3, 249–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derry, LA and France-Lanord, C (1996) Neogene Himalayan weathering history and river 87Sr/86Sr: impact on the marine Sr record. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142, 59–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dettman, DL, Kohn, MJ, Quade, J, Ryerson, FJ, Ojha, TP and Hamidullah, S (2001) Seasonal stable isotope evidence for a strong Asian monsoon throughout the past 10.7 m.y. Geology 29, 31–4.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietrich, WE (1982) Settling velocity of natural particles. Water Resources Research 18, 1615–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galy, V, France-Lanord, C and Lartiges, B (2008) Loading and fate of particulate organic carbon from the Himalaya to the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, 1767–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garçon, M, Chauvel, C, France-Lanord, C, Limonta, M and Garzanti, E (2014) Which minerals control the Nd-Hf-Sr-Pb isotopic compositions of river sediments? Chemical Geology 364, 42–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garzanti, E, Andó, S, France-Lanord, C, Censi, P, Vignola, P, Galy, V and Lupker, M (2011) Mineralogical and chemical variability of fluvial sediments 2. Suspended-load silt (Ganga–Brahmaputra, Bangladesh). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 302, 107–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garzanti, E, Andò, S and Vezzoli, G (2008) Settling equivalence of detrital minerals and grain-size dependence of sediment composition. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 138–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garzanti, E, Ando, S and Vezzoli, G (2009) Grain-size dependence of sediment composition and environmental bias in provenance studies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 277, 422–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, SL and Hemming, SR (2003) Long-lived isotopic tracers in oceanography, paleoceanography, and ice-sheet dynamics. Treatise on Geochemistry 6, 453–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, SJ and Jacobsen, SB (1988) Nd and Sr isotopic systematics of river water suspended material: implications for crustal evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 87, 249–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goswami, V, Singh, SK, Bhushan, R and Rai, VK (2012) Temporal variations in 87Sr/86Sr and εNd in sediments of the southeastern Arabian Sea: impact of monsoon and surface water circulation. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granet, M, Chabaux, F, Stille, P, Dosseto, A, France-Lanord, C and Blaes, E (2010) U-series disequilibria in suspended river sediments and implication for sediment transfer time in alluvial plains: the case of the Himalayan rivers. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74, 2851–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, AK, Yuvaraja, A, Prakasam, M, Clemens, SC and Velu, A (2015) Evolution of the South Asian monsoon wind system since the late Middle Miocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 438, 160–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hein, CJ, Galy, V, Galy, A, France-Lanord, C, Kudrass, H and Schwenk, T (2017) Post-glacial climate forcing of surface processes in the Ganges–Brahmaputra river basin and implications for carbon sequestration. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478, 89–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonell, TN, Li, Y, Blusztajn, J, Giosan, L and Clift, PD (2018) Signal or noise? Isolating grain size effects on Nd and Sr isotope variability in Indus delta sediment provenance. Chemical Geology 485, 56–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessarkar, PM, Rao, VP, Ahmad, SM and Babu, GA (2003) Clay minerals and Sr-Nd isotopes of the sediments along the western margin of India and their implication for sediment provenance. Marine Geology 202(1–2), 55–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, MA, Stern, RJ, Gribble, RF and Windley, BF (1997) Geochemical and isotopic constraints on subduction polarity, magma sources, and palaeogeography of the Kohistan intra-oceanic arc, northern Pakistan Himalaya. Journal of the Geological Society, London 154, 935–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khim, BK, Horikawa, K, Asahara, Y, Kim, JE and Ikehara, M (2018) Detrital Sr-Nd isotopes, sediment provenances and depositional processes in the Laxmi Basin of the Arabian Sea during the last 800 ka. Geological Magazine, published online 23 November 2018, doi:10.1017/S0016756818000596.Google Scholar
Kim, JE, Khim, BK, Ikehara, M and Lee, J (2018) Orbital-scale denitrification changes in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the last 800 kyrs. Scientific Reports 8, 1–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Kotlia, BS, Sanwal, J, Phartiyal, B, Joshi, LM, Trivedi, A and Sharma, C (2010) Late Quaternary climatic changes in the eastern Kumaun Himalaya, India, as deduced from multi-proxy studies. Quaternary International 213, 44–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroon, D, Steens, T and Troelstra, SR (1991) Onset of monsoonal related upwelling in the western Arabian sea as revealed by planktonic foraminifers. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, vol. 117 (eds Prell, WL and Niitsuma, N), pp. 257–63. College Station, Texas: Ocean Drilling Program.Google Scholar
Li, G and Elderfield, H (2013) Evolution of carbon cycle over the past 100 million years. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 103, 11–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y, Clift, PD and O’Sullivan, P (2018) Millennial and centennial variations in zircon U-Pb ages in the Quaternary Indus submarine canyon. Basin Research 31, 155–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightfoot, P and Hawkesworth, C (1988) Origin of Deccan Trap lavas: evidence from combined trace element and Sr-, Nd- and Pb-isotope studies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 91, 89–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loizeau, JL, Arbouille, D, Santiago, S and Vernet, JP (1994) Evaluation of a wide range laser diffraction grain size analyser for use with sediments. Sedimentology 41, 353–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupker, M, France-Lanord, C, Galy, V, Lavé, J, Gaillardet, J, Gajurel, AP, Guilmette, C, Rahman, M, Singh, SK and Sinha, R (2012) Predominant floodplain over mountain weathering of Himalayan sediments (Ganga basin). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 84, 410–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupker, M, France-Lanord, C, Galy, V, Lavé, J and Kudrass, H (2013) Increasing chemical weathering in the Himalayan system since the Last Glacial Maximum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 365, 243–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupker, M, France-Lanord, C, Lavé, J, Bouchez, J, Galy, V, Métivier, F, Gaillardet, J, Lartiges, B and Mugnier, J-L (2011) A Rouse-based method to integrate the chemical composition of river sediments: application to the Ganga basin. Journal of Geophysical Research 116(F4), doi: 10.1029/2010JF001947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathew, J, Babu, DG, Kundu, S, Kumar, KV and Pant, CC (2014) Integrating intensity-duration-based rainfall threshold and antecedent rainfall-based probability estimate towards generating early warning for rainfall-induced landslides in parts of the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Landslides 11, 575–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, JM (1994) Recent trends in strontium isotope sratigraphy. Terra Nova 6, 331–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Najman, Y (2006) The detrital record of orogenesis: a review of approaches and techniques used in the Himalayan sedimentary basins. Earth-Science Reviews 74, 1–72.Google Scholar
Pandey, DK, Clift, PD, Kulhanek, DK and Scientists of Expedition 355 (2016) Arabian Sea Monsoon. In Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, volume 355 (eds Pandey, DK, PD Clift, DK Kulhanek and the Expedition 355 Scientists). College Station, TX: International Ocean Discovery Program.Google Scholar
Phillips, SC, Johnson, JE, Underwood, MB, Guo, J, Giosan, L and Rose, K (2014) Long-timescale variation in bulk and clay mineral composition of Indian continental margin sediments in the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Andaman Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 58, 117–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prell, WL, Murray, DW, Clemens, SC and Anderson, DM (1992) Evolution and variability of the Indian Ocean summer monsoon: evidence from the Western Arabian Sea Drilling Program. In Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean (eds Duncan, RA and Al, E), pp. 447–469. American Geophysical Union (AGU).Google Scholar
Quade, J, Cerling, TE and Bowman, JR (1989) Development of Asian monsoon revealed by marked ecological shift during the latest Miocene in northern Pakistan. Nature 342, 163–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quade, J, English, N and Decelles, PG (2003) Silicate versus carbonate weathering in the Himalaya: a comparison of the Arun and Seti River watersheds. Chemical Geology 202, 275–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rahaman, W, Singh, SK, Sinha, R and Tandon, SK (2009) Climate control on erosion distribution over the Himalaya during the past ~100 ka. Geology 37, 559–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, VP and Rao, BR (1995) Provenance and distribution of clay minerals in the sediments of the western continental shelf and slope of India. Continental Shelf Research 15, 1757–71.Google Scholar
Raymo, ME and Ruddiman, WF (1992) Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate. Nature 359, 117–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymo, ME, Ruddiman, WF and Froelich, PN (1988) Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles. Geology 16, 649–53.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rolland, Y, Picard, C, Pecher, A, Lapierre, H, Bosch, D and Keller, F (2002) The Cretaceous Ladakh arc of NW Himalaya - slab melting and melt-mantle interaction during fast northward drift of Indian Plate. Chemical Geology 182, 139–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Routledge, CM, Kulhanek, DK, Tauxe, L, Scardia, G, Singh, AD, Steinke, S, Griffith, EM and Saraswat, R (2019) A revised chronostratigraphic framework for International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 sites in Laxmi Basin, eastern Arabian Sea. Geological Magazine, published online 10 April 2019, doi: 10.1017/S0016756819000104.Google Scholar
Scher, HD and Delaney, ML (2010) Breaking the glass ceiling for high resolution Nd isotope records in early Cenozoic paleoceanography. Chemical Geology 269, 329–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scher, HD, Griffith, EM and Buckley, WP (2014) Accuracy and precision of 88Sr/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr measurements by MC-ICPMS compromised by high barium concentrations. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15, 499–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shetye, SR, Gouveia, AD, Shenoi, SSC, Sundar, D, Michael, GS, Almeida, AM and Santanam, K (1990) Hydrography and circulation off the west coast of India during the Southwest Monsoon 1987. Journal of Marine Research 48, 359–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, SK and France-Lanord, C (2002) Tracing the distribution of erosion in the Brahmaputra watershed from isotopic compositions of stream sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 202, 645–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S, Parkash, B, Awasthi, AK and Kumar, S (2011) Late Miocene record of palaeovegetation from Siwalik palaeosols of the Ramnagar sub-basin, India. Current Science 100, 213–32.Google Scholar
Stoll, HM, Vance, D and Arevalos, A (2007) Records of the Nd isotope composition of seawater from the Bay of Bengal: implications for the impact of Northern Hemisphere cooling on ITCZ movement. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 255, 213–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiry, M (2000) Palaeoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in marine deposits: an outlook from the continental origin. Earth Science Reviews 49, 201–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, HJ, Hegner, E, Diekmann, B, Kuhn, G and Rutgers Van Der Loeff, MM (2000) Provenance and transport of terrigenous sediment in the South Atlantic Ocean and their relations to glacial and interglacial cycles: Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, 3813–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, AAG (2013) Preliminary balanced palinspastic reconstruction of Cenozoic deformation across the Himachal Himalaya (northwestern India). Geosphere 9, 572–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, R and Di Guida, OA (2003) Comparison of sizing small particles using different technologies. Powder Technology 132, 145–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Z, Colin, C, Wan, S, Saraswat, R, Song, L, Xu, Z, Clift, P, Lu, H, Lyle, M, Kulhanek, D, Hahn, A, Tiwari, M, Mishra, R, Miska, S and Kumar, A (2019) Sea level-controlled sediment transport to the eastern Arabian Sea over the past 600 kyr: clay minerals and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence from IODP site U1457. Quaternary Science Reviews 205, 22–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Carter et al. supplementary material

Carter et al. supplementary material

Download Carter et al. supplementary material(File)
File 1.3 MB