Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:29:20.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Carbonate deposition on the river floodplains of the Wood Bay Formation (Devonian) of Spitsbergen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

P. F. Friend  and
M. Moody-Stuart
P. F. Friend
Affiliation:
Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England
M. Moody-Stuart
Affiliation:
Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd., Seria, State of Brunei, Borneo
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The argillaceous siltstones of the floodplains contain, on average, 15% of calcium carbonate. This appears to have been precipitated between the detrital grains shortly after their deposition. The siltstones also contain calcium carbonate concretions which formed as the ground water dried out in the upper part of the water table. Bedded marlstones, containing up to 68% of carbonate in the lakes appears to have been stimulated by Charophyte algae. The marlstones include dolomite in some parts of the Formation. The channel-fill deposits include carbonate detritus from the source areas, and from reworking of Wood Bay Formation sediments. They are frequently cemented by calcite.

The regional pattern of carbonate derivation, transportation and deposition is summarized.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 107 , Issue 3 , May 1970 , pp. 181 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alderman, A.R. & Skinner, C.W. 1957. Dolomitic sedimentation in the southeast of South Australia. Am. J. Sci. 255, 561–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J.R.L. 1962a. Intraformational conglomerates and scoured surfaces in The Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Anglo-Welsh Cuvette. Lpool Manchr geol. J. 3, 1–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J.R.L. 1962b. Petrology, origin and deposition of the highest Old Red Sandstone of Shropshire, England. J. sedim. Petrol. 32, 657–697.Google Scholar
Allen, J.R.L. 1965a. The sedimentation and palaeogeography of the Old Red Sandstone of Anglesey, North Wales. Proc. Yorks. geol. Soc. 35, 139–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J.R.L. 1965b. A review of the origin and characteristics of Recent alluvial sediments. Sedimentology, 5, 85–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J.R.L. 1965c. Fining-upwards cycles in alluvial successions. Geol. J. 4, 229–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, J.R.L. & Friend, P.F. 1968. Deposition of the Catskill Facies, Appalachian Region: with Notes on some other Old Red Sandstone Basins. Spec Pap geol. Soc. Am. No. 106. 21–74.Google Scholar
Bretz, J.H. & Horberg, L. 1949. Caliche in southeastern New Mexico. J. Geol. 57, 491–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, I.C. 1960. Fossil soils of the Upper Old Red Sandstone of South Ayrshire. Trans. geol. Soc. Glasg. 24, 138–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, B.E. 1958. Deposition systems of the Riverine Plain of southeastern Australia in relation to soils. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Soil Publication No. 10. 35 p.Google Scholar
Clarke, F.W. 1924. The composition of river and lake waters of the United States. Prof. Paper U.S. geol. Surv. No. 135.Google Scholar
Davis, C.A. 1901. On the natural history of marl. J. Geol. 9, 491–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, G.H. 1961. Geologic Control of Mineral Composition of Stream Waters of the Eastern Slope of the Southern Coast Ranges, California. U.S. geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper 1535–B. 30 p.Google Scholar
Dunbar, C.O. & Rodgers, J. 1957. Principles of stratigraphy Wiley, New York. 356 p.Google Scholar
Føyn, S. & Heintz, A., 1943. The Downtonian and Devonian vertebrates of Spitsbergen. VIII. The English-Norwegian-Swedish Expedition, 1939. Geological results. Skr. Svalh. og Ishavet. No. 85, 51 p.Google Scholar
Friend, P.F. 1961. The Devonian stratigraphy of north and Central Vestspitsbergen. Proc. Yorks. geol. Soc. 33, 77–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, P.F. 1965. Fluviatile sedimentary structures in the Wood Bay Series (Devonian) of Spitsbergen. Sedimentology 5, 39–68..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, P.F. 1966. Clay fractions and colours of some Devonian red beds in the Catskill Mountains U.S.A. Q. Jl geol. Soc. Lond. 122, 273–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, P.F., Heintz, N., & Moody-Stuart, M. 1966. New unit terms for the Devonian of Spitsbergen, and a new stratigraphical scheme for the Wood Bay Formation. Norsk Polarist. $$$Adot;rb. 1965, 59–64.Google Scholar
Gayer, R.A. & Wallis, R.H. 1966. The petrology of the Harkerbreen group of the lower Hecla Hoek of Ny Friesland and Olav V Land, Spitsbergen. Skr. norsk Polarist. No. 140, 32 p.Google Scholar
Gee, D.G. & Hjelle, A. 1966. On the crystalline rock of northwest Spitsbergen. Norsk Polarinst. Adot;rb. 1964, 31–46.Google Scholar
Harland, W. B. & Wilson, C. B. 1956. The Hecla Hoek succession in Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Geol. Mag. 93, 265–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harriss, R.C. & Adams, J.A.S. 1966. Geochemical and mineralogical studies on the weathering of Granitic Rocks Am. J. Sci. 264, 146–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hjelle, A. 1966. The composition of some granitic rocks from Svalbard. Norsk Polarinst. Adot;rb. 1965, 7–30.Google Scholar
Hubert, J.F. 1960. Petrology of the Fountain and Lyons Formations, Front Range, Colorado. Colo. Sch. Mines. Q. 55, 1–242.Google Scholar
Kasmi, A.H. 1964. Report on the geology and ground water investigations in Rechna Doab, West Pakistan. Rec. geol. Surv. Pakistan, 10, 1–25.Google Scholar
Krynine, P.D. 1950. Petrology, stratigraphy and origin of the Triassic sedimentary rocks of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. St. geol. nat. Hist. Surv. No. 73, 1–247.Google Scholar
Moody-Stuart, M. 1966. High and Low-Sinuosity Stream Deposits, with Examples from the Devonian of Spitsbergen. J. sedim. Petrol. 36, 1102–1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettijohn, F.J. 1963. Data of Geochemistry. Sixth Edition, Chapter 5. Chemical Composition of Sandstones – excluding Carbonate and Volcanic Sands. Prof. Pap. U.S. geol. Surv. 440S.Google Scholar
Shapiro, L. & Brannock, W.W., 1956. Rapid analysis of silicate rocks. Bull. U.S. geol. Surv. No. 1036C, 19–56.Google Scholar
Singh, D. & Lal, G. 1946. Kankar composition as an index of the nature of soil profiles. Indian J. agric. Sci. 16, 328–342.Google Scholar
Solle, G., 1935. Die Devonischen Ostracoden Spitzbergens. I. Leperditiidae. Skr. Svalb. og Ishavet. No.64, 1–61.Google Scholar
Sundborg, A. 1956. The River Klar$$$adot;lven: a study of fluvial processes. Geogr. Annlr, 38. 127–316.Google Scholar
Sykes, G. 1937. The Colorado Delta. Spec. Publs Carnegie Institute of Washington, No. 460.Google Scholar
Tennant, C.B. & Berger, B.W. 1957. X-ray determination of calcite-dolomite ratio of a carbonate. Am. Mineralogist. 42, 23–29.Google Scholar
Vogel, A.I. 1951. A text book of quantitative inorganic analysis. Theory and practice )2nd edn). Longmans, London.Google Scholar
Weaver, C.E. 1961. Clay Minerals of the Ouachita Structural Belt and Adjacent Foreland. Pp. 147–162 in The Ouachita System: Austin, Texas, University of Texas Publication No. 6120, 401 p.Google Scholar
Wentworth, C.K. 1922. A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. J. Geol. 30, 377–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zobell, C.E. 1946. Studies on redox potentials of marine sediments. Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. 30, 477–513.Google Scholar