Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:44:16.398Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Age and correlation of the transgressive Gonioclymenia Limestone (Famennian, Tafilalt, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2016

SVEN HARTENFELS*
Affiliation:
Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 24, D-48149 Münster, Germany
RALPH THOMAS BECKER
Affiliation:
Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 24, D-48149 Münster, Germany
*
*Address for correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

The widely quarried and commercially exploited Gonioclymenia Limestone of the western and southern Tafilalt Platform (Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco) represents a transgressive but strongly condensed and shallowing upwards unit that overlies conformably or unconformably Famennian to Lower Devonian deposits. It is characterized by abundant, giant-sized Gonioclymenia speciosa, which characterizes the Famennian V-B, and rare Leviclymenia ramula sp. nov. Associated conodont faunas fall in the Bispathodus costatus Subzone of the B. aculeatus aculeatus (= Middle expansa) Zone. A rare outcrop at Jebel Ihrs West proved that Kalloclymenia and conodont faunas of the B. ultimus ultimus (= Upper expansa) Zone occur in a separate, overlying unit of the lower part of Famennian VI. Consequently, joint occurrences of Gonioclymenia and Kalloclymenia on large limestone slabs that are on offer in rock shops are artificial assemblages; there is no evidence for a regional co-occurrence of both genera. This is supported by correlation into thicker sections of the adjacent Maider and Tafilalt Basins. The Tafilalt Gonioclymenia Transgression may represent the regional expression of a eustatic pulse in the B. costatus Subzone that is known on the Ardennes Shelf as the transgressive Epinette Event. The conodont faunas yielded Neopolygnathus fibula sp. nov., Pseudopolygnathus primus tafilensis ssp. nov., new morphotypes of B. spinulicostatus and Pseudopolygnathus primus primus, the oldest Siphonodella (Eosiphonodella) and variable ‘siphonodelloids’ that are currently left in open nomenclature.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T. & Bultynck, P. 2015. Emsian (Lower Devonian) conodont stratigraphy and correlation of the Anti-Atlas (Southern Morocco). Bulletin of Geosciences 90 (4), 893980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alberti, H. 1970. Neue Trilobiten-Faunen aus dem Oberdevon Marokkos. Göttinger Arbeiten zur Geologie und Paläontologie 5, 1529.Google Scholar
Ashouri, A. R. 2006. Middle Devonian–Early Carboniferous conodont faunas from the Khoshyeilagh Formation, Alborz Mountains, North Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 17 (1), 5365.Google Scholar
Bardasheva, N. P., Bardashev, I. A., Weddige, K. & Ziegler, W. 2004. Stratigraphy and conodonts of the Lower Carboniferous of the Shishkat section (southern Tien Shan, Tajikistan). Senckenbergiana lethaea 84 (1), 225301.Google Scholar
Bartzsch, K. & Weyer, D. 1985. Zur Stratigraphie der Oberdevon-Quarzite von Saalfeld im Thüringischen Schiefergebirge. Freiberger Forschungshefte C 400, 536.Google Scholar
Bartzsch, K. & Weyer, D. 2012. Zur Stratigraphie des Breternitz-Members (Obere Clymenien-Schichten, Oberdevon) von Saalfeld (Schwarzburg-Antiklinorium, Thüringisches Schiefergebirge). Freiberger Forschungshefte C 542, 154.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T. 1988. Ammonoids from the Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary in the Hasselbach Valley (Northern Rhenish Slate Mountains). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 100, 193213.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T. 1993. Stratigraphische Gliederung und Ammonoideen-Faunen im Nehdenium (Oberdevon II) von Europa und Nord-Afrika. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 155, 1405.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T. 1996. New faunal records and holostratigraphic correlation of the Hasselbachtal D/C-Boundary Auxiliary Stratotype (Germany). Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 117 (1), 1945.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S. & Hartenfels, S. 2012. The Devonian–Carboniferous boundary at Lalla Mimouna (Northern Maider, Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco) – preliminary new data. SDS Newsletter 27, 31–7.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., Hartenfels, S., El Hassani, A. & Baidder, L. 2013 a. The global carbonate crisis at the Devonian–Carboniferous transition in Morocco. In Palaeobiology and Geobiology of Fossil Lagerstätten through Earth History (eds Reiter, J., Yang, Q., Wang, Y. & Reich, M.), Universitätsdrucke Göttingen vol. 19.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., Hartenfels, S, El Hassani, A. & Fischer, T. 2013 b. The Givetian–Famennian at Oum el Jerane (Amessoui Syncline, southern Tafilalt). Document de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat 27, 6176.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., Bockwinkel, J., Ebbighausen, V. & House, M. R. 2000. Jebel Mrakib, Anti-Atlas (Morocco), a potential Upper Famennian substage boundary stratotype section. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc 399, 7586.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., El Hassani, A. & Tahiri, A. (eds) 2013. International Field Symposium “The Lower Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of northern Gondwana”. Document de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat 27, 150 pp.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., Hartenfels, S., Aboussalam, Z. S., Tragelehn, H., Brice, D. & El Hassani, A. 2013 c. The Devonian–Carboniferous boundary at Lalla Mimouna (Northern Maider) – a progress report. Document de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat 27, 109–20.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T. & House, M. R. 2000. The Famennian ammonoid succession at Bou Tchrafine (Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco). Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique Maroc 399, 3742.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., House, M. R., Bockwinkel, J., Ebbighausen, V. & Aboussalam, Z. R. 2002. Famennian ammonoid zones of the eastern Anti-Atlas (southern Morocco). Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie 93, 159205.Google Scholar
Becker, R. T., Kaiser, S. I. & Aretz, M. 2016. Review of chrono-, litho- and biostratigraphy across the global Hangenberg Crisis and Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary. In Devonian Climate, Sea Level and Evolutionary Events (eds Becker, R. T., Königshof, P. & Brett, C. E.). Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 423,published online. doi: 10.1144/SP423.10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, R. T., Korn, D., Paproth, E. & Streel, M. 1993. Beds near the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the Rhenish Massif, Germany. Guidebook, International Union of Geological Sciences, Commission on Stratigraphy, Subcommission on Carboniferous Stratigraphy (SCCS). Liège: International Union of Geological Sciences, 86 pp.Google Scholar
Belka, Z., Klug, C., Kaufmann, B., Korn, D., Döring, S., Feist, R. & Wendt, J. 1999. Devonian conodont and ammonoid succession of the eastern Tafilalt (Ouidane Chebbi section), Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Acta Geologica Polonica 49 (1), 123.Google Scholar
Bischoff, G. 1957. Die Conodonten-Stratigraphie des rheno-herzynischen Unterkarbons mit Berücksichtigung der Wocklumeria-Stufe und der Devon/Karbon-Grenze. Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung 19, 164.Google Scholar
Bischoff, G. & Ziegler, W. 1956. Das Alter der „Urfer Schichten“ im Marburger Hinterland nach Conodonten. Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung 84, 138–69.Google Scholar
Bogoslovskiy, B. I. 1981. Devonskie Ammonoidei III: Klimenii (Podotrad Gonioclymeniina). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instuta Akademiya Nauk SSSR 191, 1123.Google Scholar
Böhm, F. & Brachert, T. C. 1993. Deep-water Stromatolites and Frutexites Maslov from the Early and Middle Jurassic of S-Germany and Austria. Facies 28, 145–68.Google Scholar
Boncheva, I., Bahrami, A., Yazdi, M. & Toraby, H. 2007. Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy and Late Palaeozoic depositional evolution in South Central Iran (Asadabad section – SE Isfahan). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 113 (3), 329–56.Google Scholar
Bouckaert, J. & Groessens, E. 1976. Polygnathus paprothae, Pseudopolygnathus conili, Pseudopolygnathus graulichi: espèces nouvelles a la limite Dévonien-Carbonifère. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 99, 587–99.Google Scholar
Branson, E. B. & Mehl, M. G. 1934 a. Conodonts from the Grassy Creek Shale of Missouri. The University of Missouri Studies 8 (3), 171259.Google Scholar
Branson, E. B. & Mehl, M. G. 1934 b. Conodonts from the Bushberg Sandstone and equivalent formations of Missouri. The University of Missouri Studies 8 (4), 265300.Google Scholar
Branson, E. R. 1934. Conodonts from the Hannibal Formation of Missouri. The University of Missouri Studies 8 (4), 301–43.Google Scholar
Buggisch, W., Rabien, A. & Hühner, G. 1986. Stratigraphie und Fazies von Oberdevon/Unterkarbon-Profilen im Steinbruch „Beuerbach“ bei Oberscheld (Conodonten- und Ostracoden-Biostratigraphie, Dillmulde, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Blatt 5216 Oberscheld). Geologisches Jahrbuch Hessen 114, 560.Google Scholar
Bushmina, L. S. & Kononova, L. I. 1981. Mikrofauna i biostratigrafija pogranisiych sloev Devona i Karbona. Moscow: Akademija Nauk CCCP, 121 pp.Google Scholar
Canis, W. F. 1968. Conodonts and biostratigraphy of the Lower Mississippian of Missouri. Journal of Paleontology 42 (2), 525–55.Google Scholar
Carman, M. R. 1987. Conodonts of the Lake Valley Formation (Kinderhookian-Osagean), Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 98, 4773.Google Scholar
Clausen, C.-D., Korn, D., Luppold, F. W. & Stoppel, D. 1989. Untersuchungen zur Devon/Karbon-Grenze auf dem Müssenberg (nördliches Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie 98 (3/4), 353–69.Google Scholar
Cooper, C. L. 1939. Conodonts from a Bushberg-Hannibal horizon in Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology 13 (4), 379422.Google Scholar
Corradini, C. 2003. Late Devonian (Famennian) conodonts from the Corona Mizziu Sections near Villasalto (Sardinia, Italy). Palaeontographia Italica 89, 65116.Google Scholar
Corradini, C., Barca, S. & Spalletta, C. 2003. Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous conodonts from the “Clymeniae Limestones” of SE Sardinia (Italy). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 245, 227–53.Google Scholar
Draganits, E., Mawson, R., Talent, J. A. & Krystyn, L. 2002. Lithostratigraphy, conodont biostratigraphy and depositional environment of the Middle Devonian (Givetian) to Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Lipak Formation in the Pin Valley of Spiti (NW India). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 108 (1), 735.Google Scholar
Dreesen, R., Dusar, M. & Groessens, E. 1976. Biostratigraphy of the Yves-Gomezée Road Section (uppermost Famennian). Service Géologique de Belgique, Professional Paper 6, 120.Google Scholar
Dreesen, R. & Orchard, M. 1974. “Intraspecific” morphological variation within Polygnathus semicostatus Branson & Mehl. Belgium Geological Survey, International Symposium on Belgian Micropaleontological Limits from Emsian to Viséan, Namur 21, 10 pp.Google Scholar
Dreesen, R., Paproth, E. & Thorez, J. 1989. Events documented in Famennian sediments (Ardenne-Rhenish Massif, Late Devonian, NW Europe). In Devonian of the World, Volume I: Regional Syntheses (eds McMillan, N. J., Embry, A. F. & Glass, D. J.), pp. 295308. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir no. 14(2).Google Scholar
Dreesen, R., Sandberg, C. A. & Ziegler, W. 1986. Review of Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy and biofacies models as applied to the Ardenne Shelf. In Late Devonian Events around the Old Red Continent (eds Bless, M. J. M. & Streel, M.), pp. 97103. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique no. 104.Google Scholar
Druce, E. C. 1969. Devonian and Carboniferous conodonts from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin, North Australia and their use in international correlation. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 98, 243 pp.Google Scholar
Dzik, J. 2006. The Famennian “Golden Age” of conodonts and ammonoids in the Polish part of the Variscan Sea. Palaeontologica Polonica 63, 359 pp.Google Scholar
Flügel, E. 2004. Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks. Analysis, Interpretation and Application. Berlin: Springer, 976 pp.Google Scholar
Flügel, H. & Ziegler, W. 1957. Die Gliederung des Oberdevons und Unterkarbons am Steinberg westlich von Graz mit Conodonten. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines für Steiermark 87, 2560.Google Scholar
Folk, R. L. 1959. Practical petrographic classification of limestones. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin 43 (1), 138.Google Scholar
Folk, R. L. 1974. The natural history of crystalline calcium carbonate: effect of magnesium content and salinity. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44 (1), 4053.Google Scholar
Gagiev, M. H. & Bogus, O. I. 1990. Opornyj razrez Famensko-Turnejskih otloženij yugo-zapadnoj časti Prikkolymskogo podnâtiâ (Severo-Vostok CCCP). Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki 60, 119–32.Google Scholar
Gagiev, M. H. & Kononova, L. I. 1990. The Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous sequences in the Kamenka River Section (Kolyma River Basin, the Soviet North-East). Stratigraphic description. Conodonta. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 118, 81103.Google Scholar
Gagiev, M. K., Kononova, L. I. & Pazukhin, V. N. 1987. Conodonty. In Fauna i Biostratigrafia Pogranicnyh Otlozenij Devona i Kabona Bercogura (Mugodzary) (ed. Maslov, V. A.), 120 pp. Moscow: Akademia Nauk CCCP.Google Scholar
García-López, S., Sanz-López, J. & Padro Alonso, M. V. 1999. Conodontos (bioestratigrafía, biofacies y paleotemperaturas) de los Sinclinales de Almadén y Guadalmez (Devónico-Carbonífero Inferior), Zona Centroibérica Meridional, España. Revista Española de Paleontología, no extr. Homenaje al Prof. J. Truyols, 161–72.Google Scholar
Gereke, M. 2004. Das Profil Kahlleite Ost – die stratigraphische Entwicklung einer Tiefschwelle im Oberdevon des Bergaer Sattels (Thüringen). Geologica et Palaeontologica 38, 131.Google Scholar
Gholamalian, H. 2005. New data on the Famennian conodonts from Esfahan Area, Central Iran. Iranian International Journal of Science 6 (1), 2745.Google Scholar
Gholamalian, H., Ghorbani, M. & Sajadi, S.-H. 2009. Famennian conodonts from the Kal-e-Sardar section, Eastern Tabas, Central Iran. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 115 (2), 141–58.Google Scholar
Gibshman, N. B. & Nikolaeva, S. V. 2011. Ammonoid and foraminiferal faunas in the Famennian of Western Kazakhstan: research summary and sedimentary settings. SDS Newsletter 26, 5864.Google Scholar
Ginter, M., Hairapetian, V. & Klug, C. 2002. Famennian chondrichthyans from the shelves of North Gondwana. Acta Geologica Polonica 52 (2), 169215.Google Scholar
Girard, C., Cornée, J.-J., Corradini, C., Fravalo, A. & Feist, R. 2013. Palaeoenvironmental changes at Col des Tribes (Montagne Noire, France), a reference section for the Famennian of north Gondwana-related areas. Geological Magazine 151 (5), 864–84.Google Scholar
Habibi, T., Corradini, C. & Yazdi, M. 2008. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous Shahmirzad section, central Alborz, Iran. Geobios 41, 763–77.Google Scholar
Hartenfels, S. 2011. Die globalen Annulata-Events und die Dasberg-Krise (Famennium, Oberdevon) in Europa und Nord-Afrika – hochauflösende Conodonten-Stratigraphie, Karbonat-Mikrofazies, Paläoökologie und Paläodiversität. Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie 105, 17527.Google Scholar
Hartenfels, S. & Becker, R. T. 2009. Timing of the global Dasberg Crisis – implications for Famennian eustasy and chronostratigraphy. In Studies in Devonian Stratigraphy: Proceedings of the 2007 International Meeting of the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy and IGCP 499 (ed. Over, D. J.), pp. 7197. Palaeontographica Americana no. 63.Google Scholar
Hartenfels, S. & Becker, R. T. 2016. Famennian sedimentation, faunas, and event stratigraphy at Effenberg Quarry (Remscheid-Altena Anticline, Rhenish Massive). In Middle Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Stratigraphy, Facies, and Bioevents in the Rhenish Massive, Germany (eds Becker, R. T., Hartenfels, S. & Königshof, P.). Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie 108, 141157.Google Scholar
Hartenfels, S., Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., El Hassani, A., Baider, L., Fischer, T. & Stichling, S. 2013. The Upper Devonian at El Khraouia (Southern Tafilalt). Document de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat 27, 4150.Google Scholar
Hass, W. H. 1959. Conodonts from the Chappel Limestone of Texas. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 294–J, 365–99.Google Scholar
Helms, J. 1959. Conodonten aus dem Saalfelder Oberdevon (Thüringen). Geologie 8 (6), 634–77.Google Scholar
Hollard, H. 1960. Une phase tectonique intra-famenniene dans le Tafilalt et le Maider (Maroc présaharien). Compte Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 250, 1303–5.Google Scholar
Hollard, H. 1967. Le Dévonien du Maroc et du Sahara nord-occidental. In International Symposium on the Devonian System, Calgary, 1967, I (ed. Oswald, D. H.), pp. 203–44. Calgary: Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists.Google Scholar
Jakubowicz, M., Belka, Z. & Berkowski, B. 2014. Frutexites encrustions on rugose corals (Middle Devonian, southern Morocco): complex growth of microbial microstromatolites. Facies 60 (2), 631–50.Google Scholar
Ji, Q., Wang, N. & Luo, X. 1989. Chapter 10, Systematic Palaeontology, 10.1. Conodonts. In The Dapoushang Section – An Excellent Section for the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype in China (eds Li, Z. & Hu, X.), pp. 80103. Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
Ji, Q., Wang, Z., Sheng, H., Hou, J., Feng, R., Wie, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Xiang, L. & Fu, G. 1989. The Dapoushang section – An Excellent Section for the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype in China. Beijing: Science Press, 165 pp.Google Scholar
Ji, Q. & Ziegler, W. 1993. The Lali Section: an excellent reference section for Upper Devonian in South China. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 157, 183 pp.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. G., Klapper, G. & Sandberg, C. A. 1985. Devonian eustatic fluctuations in Euramerica. The Geological Society of America, Bulletin 96, 567–87.Google Scholar
Kaiser, S. I. 2005. Mass extinctions, climatic and oceanographic changes at the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary. Ph.D. dissertation, Ruhr University Bochum, 156 pp.Google Scholar
Kaiser, S. I., Aretz, M. & Becker, R. T. 2015. The global Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian-Carboniferous transition): review of a first-order mass extinction. In Devonian Climate, Sea Level and Evolutionary Events (eds Becker, R. T., Königshof, P. & Brett, C. E.). Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 423, published online. doi: 10.1144/SP423.9.Google Scholar
Kaiser, S. I., Becker, R. T., Hartenfels, S. & Aboussalam, Z. S. 2013. Middle Famennian to Middle Tournaisian stratigraphy at El Atrous (Amessoui Syncline, southern Tafilalt). Document de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat 27, 7786.Google Scholar
Kaiser, S. I., Becker, R. T., Spalletta, C. & Steuber, T. 2009. High-resolution conodont stratigraphy, biofacies, and extinctions around the Hangenberg Event in pelagic successions from Austria, Italy, and France. In Studies in Devonian Stratigraphy: Proceedings of the 2007 International Meeting of the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy and IGCP 499 (ed. Over, D. J.), pp. 99143. Palaeontographica Americana no. 63.Google Scholar
Kaiser, S. I., Becker, R. T., Steuber, T. & Aboussalam, Z. S. 2011. Climate-controlled mass extinctions, facies, and sea-level changes around the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the eastern Anti-Atlas (SE Morocco). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 310, 340–64.Google Scholar
Kaiser, S. I. & Corradini, C. 2011. The early siphonodellids (Conodonta, Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous): overview and taxonomic state. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 261, 1935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaiser, S. I., Steuber, T., Becker, R. T. & Joachimski, M. M. 2006. Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240, 146–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalvoda, J. & Kukal, Z. 1987. Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in the Moravian Karst at Lesní Lom Quarry, Brno-Líšeň, Czechoslovakia. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 98, 95117.Google Scholar
Klapper, G. 1966. Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian conodont zones in Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota. The University of Kansas, Paleontological Contributions, Papers 3, 43 pp.Google Scholar
Kononova, L. I. 1979. Upper Frasnian, Famennian and Tournaisian conodonts of the Sikaza River section (southern Urals). Service Géologique de Belgique, Professional Paper 161, 7186.Google Scholar
Kononova, L. I. 1984. Konodonty . In Mikrofauna i biostratigrafiya nizhnego karbona (yug Zapadnoy Sibiri (eds Bushmina, L. S., Bogush, O. I. & Kononova, L. I.), pp.103–12. Trudy, Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Akademiya Nauk CCCR, no. 599.Google Scholar
Kononova, L. I. & Weyer, D. 2014. Upper Famennian conodonts from the Breternitz Member (Upper Clymeniid Beds) of the Saalfeld region, Thuringia (Germany). Freiberger Forschnungshefte C 545, 1597 [imprint 2013].Google Scholar
Koptíková, L., Bábek, O., Hladil, J., Kalvoda, J. & Slavík, L. 2010. Stratigraphic significance and resolution of spectral reflectance logs in Lower Devonian carbonates of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic; a correlation with magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray logs. Sedimentary Geology 225, 8398.Google Scholar
Korn, D. 1981. Cymaclymenia, eine besonders langlebige Clymenien-Gattung (Ammonoidea, Cephalopoda). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 161 (2), 172208.Google Scholar
Korn, D. 1998. Ammonoid stratigraphy of late Famennian rocks in the Carnic Alps. In Southern Alps Field Trip Guidebook. June 27–July 2, 1998. Ecos VII (eds. Perri, M. C. & Spalletta, C.), pp. 123–4. Giornale di Geologia, Serie 3a, Special Issue no. 60.Google Scholar
Korn, D. 1999. Famennian ammonoid stratigraphy of the Ma'der and Tafilalt (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 54, 147–79.Google Scholar
Korn, D., Belka, Z., Fröhlich, S., Rücklin, M. & Wendt, J. 2004. The youngest African clymeniids (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian) – failed survivors of the Hangenberg Event. Lethaia 37, 307–15.Google Scholar
Korn, D. & Klug, C. 2002. Ammoneae Devonicae. Fossils Catalogus Animalia 138, 375 pp.Google Scholar
Korn, D., Klug, C. & Reisdorf, A. 2000. Middle Famennian ammonoid stratigraphy in the Amessoui Syncline (Late Devonian; eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique, Série Géologie & Géographie Physique 20, 6977.Google Scholar
Korn, D. & Luppold, F. W. 1987. Nach Clymenien und Conodonten gegliederte Profile des oberen Famennium im Rheinischen Schiefergebirge. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 92, 199223.Google Scholar
Kürschner, W., Becker, R. T., Buhl, D. & Veizer, J. 1993. Strontium isotopes in conodonts: Devonian–Carboniferous transition, the northern Rhenish Slate Mountains, Germany. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 115 (2), 595621.Google Scholar
Lewowicki, S. 1959. Fauna wapieni Klimeniowych z Dzikowieca Kłodzkiego. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego 146, 73118.Google Scholar
Longman, M. W. 1977. Factors controlling the formation of microspar in the Bromide formation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 47 (1), 347–50.Google Scholar
Lubeseder, S., Rath, J., Rücklin, M. & Messbacher, R. 2010. Controls on Devonian hemipelagic limestone deposition analyzed on cephalopod ridge to slope sections, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Facies 56, 295315.Google Scholar
Luppold, F. W., Hahn, G. & Korn, D. 1984. Trilobiten-, Ammonoideen- und Conodonten-Stratigraphie des Devon/Karbon-Grenzprofiles auf dem Müssenberg (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 67, 91121.Google Scholar
Malec, J. 2014. The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). Geological Quarterly 58 (2), 217–34.Google Scholar
Matthews, S. C. & Naylor, D. 1973. Lower Carboniferous conodont faunas from South-West Ireland. Palaeontology 16 (1), 335–80.Google Scholar
Matyja, H. 1987. Conodont biofacies in the Famennian Stage of Pomerania, northwestern Poland. In Conodonts: Investigative Techniques and Applications (ed. Austin, R. L.), pp. 363–81. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Limited for The British Micropalaeontological Society.Google Scholar
Matyja, H., Turnau, E. & Żbikowska, B. 2000. Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) stratigraphy of Northwestern Poland: conodont, miospore and ostracods zones compared. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 70, 193217.Google Scholar
Molloy, P. D., Talent, J. A. & Mawson, R. 1997. Late Devonian-Tournaisian conodonts from the Eastern Khyber region, North-West Pakistan. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia 103 (2), 123–48.Google Scholar
Mossoni, A., Carta, N., Corradini, C. & Spalletta, C. 2015. Conodonts across the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary in SE Sardinia (Italy). Bulletin of Geosciences 90 (2), 371–88.Google Scholar
Mossoni, A., Corradini, C. & Spalletta, C. 2013. Famennian-Tournaisian conodonts from the Monte Taccu section (Sardinia, Italy). In Conodonts from the Andes, 3rd International Conodont Symposium (eds Albanesi, G. L. & Ortega, G.), pp. 8590. Publicatión Especial no 13.Google Scholar
Müller, K. J. 1956. Zur Kenntnis der Conodonten-Fauna des europäischen Devons, 1: Die Gattung Palmatolepis . Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 494, 170.Google Scholar
Münster, G. Graf z.u. 1831. Sur le gisement géognostique des Ammonées en Allemagne. Bulletin de la Societé géologique de France 1, 173–85.Google Scholar
Münster, G. Graf z.u. 1832. Über die Planuliten und Goniatiten im Uebergangs-Kalk des Fichtelgebirges. Bayreuth, 38 ppGoogle Scholar
Nemirovskaya, T. I., Chermnykh, V. A., Kononova, L. I. & Pazukhin, V. N. 1992. Conodonts of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary section Kozhim, Polar Urals, Russia. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 115 (2), 629–47.Google Scholar
Ni, S. 1984. Conodonts. In Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorge Area, 3, Late Palaeozoic Era (eds Feng, S., Xu, S., Lin, J. & Yang, D.), pp. 278–93, 334–5, 402–5. Yichang: Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.Google Scholar
Nigmadzhanov, I. M. 1986. Novye vidy roda Polygnathus (konodonty) iz nizhnego Karbona Sredinnogo Tyan’-Schanya. Paleontological Journal 1, 135–37.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, S. V. 2007. New data on the Clymeniid Faunas of the Urals and Kazakhstan. In Cephalopods, Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives (eds Landman, N. H., Davis, R. A. & Mapes, R. H.), pp. 317343. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, S. V. & Bogoslovskiy, B. I. 2005. Late Famennian Ammonoids from the Upper Part of the Kiya Formation of the South Urals. Paleontological Journal, Supplement 39 (5), S527–37.Google Scholar
Perri, M. C. & Spalletta, C. 1991. Famennian conodonts from Cava Cantoniera and Malpasso sections, Carnic Alps, Italy. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 30 (1), 4778.Google Scholar
Perri, M. C. & Spalletta, C. 1998. Late Famennian conodonts of the Malpasso section (Carnic Alps, Italy). In Southern Alps Field Trip Guidebook. June 27–July 2, 1998. Ecos VII (eds. Perri, M. C. & Spalletta, C.), pp. 220–27. Giornale di Geologia, Serie 3a, Special Issue no. 60.Google Scholar
Piecha, M. 2004 a. Late Famennian heterocorals from the Refrath 1 Borehole (Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline; Ardennes-Rhenish Massif, Germany). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 251, 123–33.Google Scholar
Piecha, M. 2004 b. Late Famennian conodonts from the Refrath 1 Borehole (Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline; Ardennes-Rhenish Massif, Germany). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 251, 253–65.Google Scholar
Préat, A., El Hassani, A. & Mamet, B. 2008. Iron bacteria in Devonian carbonates (Tafilalt, Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Facies 54, 107–20.Google Scholar
Price, J. D. & Korn, D. 1989. Stratigraphically important Clymeniids (Ammonoidea) from the Famennian (Late Devonian) of the Rhenish Massif, West Germany. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 110, 257–94.Google Scholar
Qie, W., Zhang, X., Du, Y., Yang, B., Ji, W. & Luo, G. 2004. Conodont biostratigraphy of Tournaisian shallow-water carbonates in central Guangxi, South China. Geobios 47, 389401.Google Scholar
Qin, G., Zhao, R. & Ji, Q. 1988. Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous conodonts from Northern Guangdong and their stratigraphic significance. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 5 (1), 5771.Google Scholar
Raven, J. G. M. 1983. Conodont biostratigraphy and depositional history of the Middle Devonian to Lower Carboniferous in the Cantabrian Zone (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain). Leidse geologische Mededelingen 52 (2), 265339.Google Scholar
Rhodes, F. H. T. & Austin, R. L. 1971. Carboniferous conodont faunas of Europe. Geological Society of America, Memoir 127, 317–52.Google Scholar
Rhodes, F. H. T., Austin, R. L. & Druce, E. C. 1969. British Avonian (Carboniferous) conodont faunas, and their value in local and intercontinental correlation. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, Supplement 5, 1313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandberg, C. A. 1976. Conodont biofacies of the Late Devonian Polygnathus styriacus Zone in western United States. In Conodont Paleoecology (ed. Barnes, C. R.), pp. 171–86. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper no. 15.Google Scholar
Sandberg, C. A. & Ziegler, W. 1979. Taxonomy and biofacies of important conodonts of Late Devonian styriacus-Zone, United States and Germany. Geologica et Palaeontologica 13, 173212.Google Scholar
Sanz-López, J., García-López, S., Montesinos, J. R. & Arbizu, M. 1999. Biostratigraphy and sedimentation of the Vidrieros Formation (middle Famennian-lower Tournaisian) in the Gildar-Montó unit (northwest Spain). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 37 (2–3), 393406.Google Scholar
Savage, N. M. 2013. Late Devonian conodonts from northwestern Thailand. Eugene, OR: Bourland Printing, 48 pp.Google Scholar
Schäfer, W. 1976. Einige neue Conodonten aus dem höheren Oberdevon des Sauerlandes (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Geologica et Palaeontologica 10, 141–52.Google Scholar
Schindewolf, O. H. 1937. Zur Stratigraphie und Paläontologie der Wocklumer Schichten (Oberdevon). Abhandlungen der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, Neue Folge 178, 1132.Google Scholar
Schönlaub, P. 1969. Conodonten aus dem Oberdevon und Unterkarbon des Kronhofgrabens (Karnische Alpen, Österreich). Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 112, 321–54.Google Scholar
Scott, A. J. 1961. Three new conodonts from the Louisiana Limestone (Upper Devonian) of Western Illinois. Journal of Paleontology 35, 1223–7.Google Scholar
Selwood, E. B. 1960. Ammonoids and trilobites from the Upper Devonian and lowest Carboniferous of the Launceston area of Cornwall. Palaeontology 3 (2), 153–85.Google Scholar
Simakov, K. V., Bogoslovskiy, B. I., Gagiev, M., Kononova, L. I., Kochetkova, N. M., Kusina, L. F., Kulagina, E. I., Onoprienko, U. I., Pazukhin, V. N., Radinova, E. P., Rasina, E. P., Reitlinger, E., Simakova, L. V. & Yanoulatova, M. G. 1983. Biostratigrafiya pogranichnikh otlostzheniy Devona i Karbona. Kharakteristikye pogranichnikh otloszheniy Devona i Karbona Mugodzhar. Akadademii Nauk Magadan 51 Google Scholar
Spalletta, C., Perri, M. C., Corradini, C. & Over, J. D. 2015 a. Proposal for a revised Famennian (Upper Devonian) standard conodont zonation. In 2nd International Congress on Stratigraphy. Strati 2015. Abstracts (eds Gülli, E. & Piller, W. E.), p. 357. Berichte des Institutes für Erdwissenschaften Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz no. 21.Google Scholar
Spalletta, C., Perri, M. C., Corradini, C. & Over, J. D. 2015 b. Proposed revision of the Famennian (Upper Devonian) standard conodont zonation. In IGCP 596 – SDS Symposium. Climate Change and Biodiversity Patterns in the Mid-Palaeozoic. Abstracts (eds Mottequin, B., Denayer, J., Königshof, P., Prestianni, C. & Olive, S.), pp. 135–6. Travaux de Géologie sédimentaire et Paléontologie, Série 1: communications no. 16.Google Scholar
Spalletta, C., Perri, M. C. & Pondrelli, M. 1998. Late Famennian conodonts from the Rio Boreado section (Carnic Alps, Italy). In Southern Alps Field Trip Guidebook. June 27–July 2, 1998. ECOS VII (eds Perri, M. C. & Spalletta, C.), pp. 214–19. Giornale di Geologia, Serie 3a, Special Issue no. 60.Google Scholar
Stewart, L. J. 1981. Late Devonian and Lower Carboniferous conodonts from north Cornwall and their stratigraphical significance. Proceedings of the Ussher Society 5, 179–85.Google Scholar
Streel, M. 2009. Upper Devonian miospore and conodont zone correlation in western Europe. In Devonian Change: Case Studies in Palaeogeography and Palaeoecology (ed. Königshof, P.), pp. 163–76. The Geological Society, Special Publication no. 314.Google Scholar
Szulczewski, M. 1973. Famennian-Tournaisian Neptunian dykes and their conodont fauna from Dalnia in the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geologica Polonica 23 (1), 1559.Google Scholar
Tebbutt, G. E., Conley, C. D. & Boyd, D. W. 1965. Lithogenesis of a carbonate rock fabric. Contributions to Geology 4, 113.Google Scholar
Thomas, L. A. 1949. Devonian-Mississippian formations of Southeast Iowa. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 60, 403–38.Google Scholar
Tragelehn, H. 2010. Short note on the origin of the conodont genus Siphonodella in the Uppermost Famennian. SDS Newsletter 25, 41–3.Google Scholar
Tragelehn, H. & Hartenfels, S. 2011. Neue Conodonten-Taxa aus dem höheren Famennium (Oberdevon) des Frankenwaldes. Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie 105, 115.Google Scholar
Tragelehn, H. & Hartenfels, S. 2012. Pseudopolygnathus inordinatus nov. nom. – homonym replacement for an upper Famennian (Upper Devonian) conodont species. SDS Newsletter 27, 5960.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. & Bassler, R. S. 1926. A classification of the toothlike fossils, conodonts, with descriptions of American Devonian and Mississippian species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 68 (12), 163.Google Scholar
van Adrichem Boogaert, H. A. 1967. Devonian and Lower Carboniferous conodonts of the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain) and their stratigraphic application. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen 39, 129–92.Google Scholar
van den Boogaard, M. & Schermerhorn, L. J. G. 1980. Conodont faunas from Portugal and southern Spain. Part 4. A Famennian conodont fauna near Nerva (Rio Tinto). Scripta Geologica 56, 14 pp.Google Scholar
Voges, A. 1959. Conodonten aus dem Untercarbon I und II (Gattendorfia- und Pericyclus-Stufe) des Sauerlandes. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 33 (4), 266314.Google Scholar
Voronzova, T. N. 1996. The genus Neopolygnathus (Conodonta): phylogeny and some questions of systematics. Palaeontological Journal 1996 (2), 82–4.Google Scholar
Wang, C.-Y. 1989. Devonian conodonts of Guangxi. Memoirs of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica 25, 1152 (in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Wang, P. & Wang, C.-Y. 2005. Lower Carboniferous conodont faunas from the Jiehejie Formation of the Xiongjiashan in Fengxian County, Shaanxi, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 44 (3), 258375.Google Scholar
Weddige, K. 1984. Zur Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie des Devons und Karbons von NE-Iran. Senckenbergiana lethaea 65 (1), 179223.Google Scholar
Wedekind, R. 1914. Monographie der Clymenien des Rheinischen Gebirges. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, Neue Folge 10 (1), 573.Google Scholar
Wendt, J. 1988 a. Condensed carbonate sedimentation in the late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 81 (1), 155–73.Google Scholar
Wendt, J. 1988 b. Facies pattern and paleogeography of the Middle and Upper Devonian in the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). In Devonian of the World, Volume I: Regional Syntheses (eds McMillan, N. J., Embry, A. F. & Glass, D. J.), pp. 467–80. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir no. 14(1).Google Scholar
Wendt, J., Aigner, T. & Neugebauer, J. 1984. Cephalopod limestone deposition on a shallow pelagic ridge: the Tafilalt Platform (upper Devonian, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Sedimentology 31, 601–25.Google Scholar
Wendt, J. & Belka, Z. 1991. Age and depositional environment of Upper Devonian (Early Frasnian to Early Famennian) black shales and limestones (Kellwasser Facies) in the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Facies 25, 5190.Google Scholar
Weyant, M. & Pareyn, C. 1975. Mise en évidence du caractère condensé de la série dinantienne de la bordure méridionale du Djebel Grouz (Sahara sud-oranais). Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 17 (7), 52–5.Google Scholar
Weyer, D. 1995. Heterocorallia aus Famenne-Cephalopodenkalken im Rheinischen Schiefergebirge und Tafilalt. Abhandlungen und Berichte für Naturkunde 18, 103–35.Google Scholar
Weyer, D. 1997. News about Famennian Heterocorallia in Germany and Morocco. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Sección Geológica 91, 145–51.Google Scholar
Wolf, K. H. 1965. Littoral environments, indicated by open-space structures in algal limestones. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1, 183223.Google Scholar
Wolska, Z. 1967. Upper Devonian conodonts from the south-west region of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 12 (4), 363435 (in Polish).Google Scholar
Xia, F. & Chen, Z. 2004. Polygnathus communis gancaohuensis subsp. nov. (Conodonta) from the Tournaisian–Viséan boundary beds of Xinjiang, NW China and the phylogeny of Polygnathus communis Branson et Mehl 1934. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 21 (2), 136–47.Google Scholar
Youngquist, W. L. & Patterson, S. H. 1949. Conodonts from the Lower Mississippian Prospect Hill Sandstone of Iowa. Journal of Paleontology 23 (1), 5773.Google Scholar
Yu, C.-M. 1988. Devonian–Carboniferous boundary in Nanbiancun, Guilin, China – aspects and records. Beijing: Science Press, 379 pp.Google Scholar
Ziegler, W. 1962. Taxionomie und Phylogenie Oberdevonischer Conodonten und ihre stratigraphische Bedeutung. Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung 38, 166 pp.Google Scholar
Ziegler, W. (ed.) 1975. Catalogue of Conodonts. Volume 2. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 404 pp.Google Scholar
Ziegler, W. (ed.) 1981. Catalogue of Conodonts. Volume 4. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 445 pp.Google Scholar
Ziegler, W. & Sandberg, C. A. 1984. Palmatolepis-based revision of upper part of standard Late Devonian conodont zonation. Geological Society of America, Special Papers 196, 179–94.Google Scholar
Ziegler, W. & Sandberg, C. A. 1990. The Late Devonian standard conodont zonation. 1st International Senckenberg Conference and 5th European Conodont Symposium (ECOS V) Contributions V. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 121, 1115.Google Scholar
Ziegler, W., Sandberg, C. A. & Austin, R. L. 1974. Revision of Bispathodus group (Conodonta) in the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous. Geologica et Palaeontologica 8, 97112.Google Scholar