Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T08:45:14.561Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic basis and natural variation of α-amylase isozymes in barley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

A. H. D. Brown  and
J. V. Jacobsen
A. H. D. Brown
Affiliation:
CSIRO, Division of Plant Industry, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
J. V. Jacobsen
Affiliation:
CSIRO, Division of Plant Industry, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Two physiologically and biochemically distinct groups of α-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1) isozymes are synthesized when isolated aleurone layers of barley are incubated with gibberellic acid (GA3). Isoelectric focusing of the α-amylases showed that the isoelectric points of the isozymes of one group were near pH 5, whereas those of the second group were close to pH 6. Using wheat–barley addition lines, the genes for these groups were located in barley chromosomes 1 and 6 respectively. Joint segregation in the F2 generation of appropriate crosses indicated that the isozymes within each group were inherited collectively, and were attributed to codominant alleles segregating at two presumably complex loci, α-Amy 2 and α-Amy 1.

The extent of genetic variation at these two loci was examined in 40 lines of Hordeum spontaneum (the wild progenitor of barley), and in a complex gene pool representative of H. vulgare (composite cross XXI). Variation at the α-Amy 1 locus was much more extensive than that at the α-Amy 2 locus. The genetic variation at both α-amylase loci exceeded that at the majority of other allozyme loci. However the α-amylase loci were less variable than the two loci coding for the seed storage protein, hordein. The wild species was found to contain much genetic diversity, which might be useful in modifying α-amylase activity by breeding. Parallels between the genetics and variation of α-amylase in barley and wheat were noted.

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 40 , Issue 3 , December 1982 , pp. 315 - 324
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

References

REFERENCES

Bilderback, D. E. (1974). Amylases from aleurone layers and starchy endosperm of barley seeds. Plant Physiology 53, 480–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burdett, P. E., Kipps, A. E. & Whitehead, P. H. (1976). A rapid technique for the detection of amylase isoenzymes using an enzyme sensitive ‘test paper’. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 315–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chrispeels, M. J. & Varner, J. E. (1967). Gibberellic acid-enhanced synthesis and release of α-amylase and ribonuclease by isolated barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology 42, 398–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doll, H. & Brown, A. H. D. (1979). Hordein variation in wild (Hordeum spontaneum) and cultivated (H. vulgare) barley. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 21, 391–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fedak, G. & Rajhathy, T. (1971). Alpha amylase distribution and DDT response in Canadian barley cultivars. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 51, 353–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, O. & Nielsen, G. (1966). Amylase isozymes in germinating barley seeds. Hereditas 54, 123–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, O., Nielsen, G. & Sandfaer, J. (1969). The inheritance and distribution of α-amylase types and DDT responses in barley. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung 61, 201–215.Google Scholar
Hart, G. E. (1979). Genetic and chromosomal relationships among the wheats and their relatives. Stadler Symposium 11, 9–29.Google Scholar
Ho, D. T-H. (1980). Hormonal and genetic regulation of α-amylase synthesis in barley aleurone cells. In Genome Organization and Expression in Plants (ed. Leaver, C. J.), pp. 147–157. New York, London: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Islam, A. K. M. R., Shepherd, K. W. & Sparrow, D. H. B. (1981). Isolation and characterization of euplasmic wheat-barley chromosome addition lines. Heredity 46, 161–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobsen, J. V. & Higgins, T. J. V. (1978). The influence of phytohormones on replication and transcription. In Phytohormones and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Treatise, vol. 1. The Biochemistry of Phytohormones and Related Compounds (ed. Letham, D. S., Goodwin, P. B. and Higgins, T. J. V.), pp. 515–582. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York: Elsevier/North-Holland.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, J. V. & Higgins, T. J. V. (1982). Comparison of the α-amylases synthesized by aleurone layers of Himalaya barley in response to GA3. Plant Physiology. (In press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobsen, J. V. & Knox, R. B. (1973). Cytochemical localization and antigenicity of α-amylase in barley aleurone tissue. Planta 112, 213–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobsen, J. V., Scandalios, J. G. & Varner, J. E. (1970). Multiple forms of amylase induced by gibberellic acid in isolated barley aleurone layers. Plant Physiology 45, 367–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macgregor, A. W. (1976). A note on the formation of α-amylase in de-embryonated barley kernels. Cereal Chemistry 53, 792–796.Google Scholar
Nielsen, G. & Frydenberg, O. (1972). Distribution of esterase isozymes, α-amylase types, and DDT reactions in some European barleys. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung 68, 213–224.Google Scholar
Nishikawa, K., Furuta, Y., Kudo, S. & Ujihara, K. (1979). Differentiation of tetraploid wheat in relation to DNA content of nucleus and alpha-amylase isozymes. Report of the Plant Germ Plasm Institute Kyoto University 4, 30–38.Google Scholar
Nishikawa, K., Furuta, Y. & Wada, T. (1980). Genetic studies on α-amylase isozymes in wheat. III. Intraspecific variation in Aegilops squarrosa and the birthplace of hexaploid wheat. Japanese Journal of Genetics 55, 325–336.Google Scholar
Nishikawa, K. & Nobuhara, M. (1971). Genetic studies of α-amylase isozymes in wheat. I. Location of genes and variation in tetra- and hexaploid wheat. Japanese Journal of Genetics 46, 345–353.Google Scholar
Suneson, C. A. & Wiebe, G. A. (1962). A ‘Plant Bunyan’ plant breeding enterprise with barley. Crop Science 2, 347–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yomo, H. & Varner, J. E. (1971). Hormonal control of a secretory tissue. Current Topics in Developmental Biology 6, 111–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed