Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:59:10.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Controlling elements in the mouse: IV. Evidence of non-random X-inactivation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

P. G. Johnston  and
B. M. Cattanach
P. G. Johnston
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
B. M. Cattanach
Affiliation:
MRC Radiobiology Unit, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon 0X11 ORD, U.K.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The non-random X chromosome expression that has been observed with coat markers in female mice heterozygous for the Xce alleles, Xcea and Xceb, has now been investigated with the electrophoretic enzyme marker, Pgk-1. Because the Xce status of the Pgk-1a marked chromosome was not known, PGK expression was assessed in Pgk-1a/Pgk-lb heterozygotes which carried either Xcea or Xceb on their Pgk-1b chromosome. The PGK-1A allozyme was found to predominate in both genotypes but when Xceb was present on the Pgk-lb chromosome the expression of the two allo-zymes was less unequal. This effect was seen in both liver and kidney of adults and to at least the same degree in embryos aged 13·5 and 7·5 days. The results have been interpreted to mean that the non-random X expression derives from a primary non-randomness of the X inactivation process and that a new and more extreme Xce allele, designated Xcec, was present on the Pgr-1a-marked X chromosome.

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 37 , Issue 2 , April 1981 , pp. 151 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

References

REFERENCES

Cattanach, B. M. (1972). X-chromoaome controlling element (Xce). Mouse News Letter 47, 33.Google Scholar
Cattanach, B. M. (1974). Position effect variegation in the mouse. Genetical Research 23, 291–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattanach, B. M. (1975). Control of chromosome inactivation. Annual Review of Genetics 9, 1–18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattanach, B. M. & Perez, J. N. (1970). Parental influence on X-autosome translocation-induced variegation in the mouse. Genetical Research 15, 43–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattanach, B. M. & Isaacson, J. H. (1965). Genetic control over the inactivation of autosomal genes attached to the X-chromosome. Zeitschrift fur Vererbungslehre 96, 313–323.Google ScholarPubMed
Cattanach, B. M. & Isaacson, J. H. (1967). Controlling elements in the mouse X chromosome. Genetics 57, 331–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattanach, B. M., Perez, J. N. & Pollard, C. E. (1970). Controlling elements in the mouse X-chromosome. II. Location in the linkage map. Genetical Research 15, 189–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattanach, B. M., Pollard, C. E. & Perez, J. N. (1969). Controlling elements in the mouse X-chromosome. I. Interaction with the X-linked genes. Genetical Research 14, 223–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattanach, B. M. & Williams, C. E. (1972). Evidence of non-random X chromosome activity in the mouse. Genetical Research 19, 229–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, D. W., Vandenberg, J. L., Sharman, G. B. & Poole, W. E. (1971). Phosphoglycerate kinase polymorphism in kangaroo provides further evidence for paternal X inactivation. Nature New Biology 230, 155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drews, U., Blecher, S. R., Owen, D. A. & Ohno, S. (1974). Genetically directed preferential X-inactivation seen in mice. Cell 1, 3–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falconer, D. S. & Isaacson, J. H. (1972). Sex-linked variegation modified by selection in brindled mice. Genetical Research 20, 291–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franke, U. & Taggart, R. T. (1980). Comparative gene mapping: order of loci on the X chromosome is different in mice and humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 77, 3595–2599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, R. L. (1977). Birth Defects. Proceedings of 5th International Conference, Montreal (ed. Littlefield, J. W. and de Grouchy, J.), pp. 154–166. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. L. & Lyon, M. F. (1971). X-chromosome inaetivation studied by injection of a single cell into the mouse blastocyst. Nature 231, 385–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, R. L. & Papaioannou, V. E. (1975). Differentiation in the trophoectoderm and inner cell mass. In The Early Development of Mammals (ed. Balls, M. and Wild, A. E.), pp. 107–132. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gartler, S. M. & Andina, R. J. (1976). Mammalian X-chromosome inaetivation. Advances in Human Genetics 7, 99–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giannelli, F. & Hamerton, J. L. (1971). Non-random late replication of X chromosomes in mules and hinnies. Nature 232, 315–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grumbach, M. M. (1964). Second International Conference on Congenital Malformations, session I: discussion, pp. 62–67. New York: International Medical Congress Ltd.Google Scholar
Hamerton, J. L., Richardson, B. J., Gee, P. A., Allen, W. R. & Short, R. V. (1971). Non-random X chromosome expression in female mules and hinnies. Nature 232, 312–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hook, E. B. & Brustman, L. D. (1971). Evidence for selective differences between cells with an active horse-X-chromosome and cells with an active donkey X-chromosome in the female mule. Nature 232, 349–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kindred, B. M. (1961). A maternal effect on vibrissa score due to the Tarby gene. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 14, 627–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyon, M. F. (1961). Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.). Nature 190, 327–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyon, M. F. (1964). Second International Conference on Congenital Malformations, session I, discussion, pp. 67–68. New York: International Medical Congress Ltd.Google Scholar
Mayer, T. C. (1973). The migratory pathway of neural crest cells into the skin of mouse embryos. Developmental Biology 34, 39–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monk, M. & Harper, M. J. (1979). Sequential X chromosome inaetivation coupled with cellular differentiation in early mouse embryos. Nature 281, 311–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, M. N. & Chapman, V. M. (1977). Electrophoretic variation for sex-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) in the mouse. Oenetics 87, 319–327.Google Scholar
Nyhan, W. L., Bakay, B., Connor, J. D., Marks, J. F. & Keele, D. K. (1970). Hemizygous expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in erythrocytes of heterozygotes for the Lesch–Nyhan syndrome. Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 65, 214–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pollard, J. H. (1977). A Handbook of Numerical and Statistical Techniques. CambridgeUniversity Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rastan, S., Kaufman, M. H., Handyside, A. & Lyon, M. F. (1980) X-chromosome inaetivation in the extraembryonic membranes of diploid parthenogenetic embryos using a differential staining technique. Nature 288, 172–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rattazzi, M. C., Bernini, L. F., Fiorelli, G. & Mannicci, P. M. (1967). Electrophoresis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase – a new technique. Nature 213, 79–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rattazzi, M. C. & Cohen, M. M. (1972). Further proof of genetic inaetivation of the X chromosome in the female mule, Nature 237, 293–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawles, M. E. (1947). Origin of pigment cells from the neural crest in the mouse embryo. Physiological Zoology, 20, 248–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, L. B. (1964). Another look at the Single-Active-X hypothesis. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, II 26, 726–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takagi, N. & Sasaki, M. (1975). Preferential inaetivation of the paternally derived X chromosome in the extraembryonic membranes of the mouse. Nature 256, 640–642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Therman, E., Sarto, G. E., Palmer, C. G., Kallio, H. & Denniston, C. (1979). Position of the human X inaetivation center on Xq. Human Genetics 50, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Therman, E., Sarto, G. E. & Patau, K. (1974). Center for Barr body condensation on the proximal part of the human Xq: a hypothesis. Chromosoma 44, 361–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wake, N., Takagi, N. & Sasaki, M. (1976). Non-random inactivation of X chromosome in the rat yolk sac. Nature 262, 580–581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
West, J. D. & Chapman, V. M. (1978). Variation for X chromosome expression in mice detected by electrophoresis of phosphoglycerate kiriase. Genetical Research 32, 91–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, J. D., Freis, W. I., Chapman, V. M. & Papaioannou, V. E. (1977). Preferential expression of the maternally derived X chromosome in the mouse yolk sac. Cell 12, 873–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed