Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T15:16:26.430Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Variation of Loranthaceae impact on Vitellariaparadoxa C. F. Gaertn. fruit yield in contrasting habitats andimplications for its conservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 March 2013

Thierry D. Houehanou ,
Valentin Kindomihou ,
Tariq Stevart ,
Brice Tente ,
Marcel Houinato  and
Brice Sinsin
Thierry D. Houehanou*
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. [email protected] ,
Valentin Kindomihou
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. [email protected] ,
Tariq Stevart
Affiliation:
Mo. Bot. Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299 U.S.A.
Brice Tente
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. [email protected] ,
Marcel Houinato
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. [email protected] ,
Brice Sinsin
Affiliation:
Lab. Appl. Ecol., Fac. Agron. Sci., Univ. Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. [email protected] ,
*
* Correspondence and reprints
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. Shea tree (V.paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.), a species endemic to the Sudaniansavanna woodlands, is dominant in the parklands of West Africa whereit is of great socioeconomic importance. However, shea tree hasbeen reported in recent decades to be threatened by plant parasites,Loranthaceae. Our study aimed to assess possible variation of theimpact of these parasites on shea tree fruit yield in two contrastinghabitats. Materials and methods. We selected 41 weaklyand 41 heavily infected shea tree individuals, of similar size,in a protected area as well as in its adjacent parklands. Shea treetraits such as diameter at breast height, canopy diameter, treeheight, canopy height, number of fruit yielded, number of parasite stumpsper tree and an impact index ratio were assessed on each shea treeindividual. Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare parasite impacton shea tree fruit yield in relation to habitat. Hierarchical cluster, canonicaldiscriminant and one-way ANOVA analyses were used to show quantitativetraits that characterize shea tree groups from habitats. Results.Loranthaceae did not reduce fruit yield significantly either inthe parklands or in the protected area. Quantitative traits tendedto discriminate all pooled shea trees in relation to habitats. Sheatree individuals in parklands were characterized mostly by the highestvalue of number of infected stumps per tree and of the impact index ratio,suggesting that many shea tree individuals in parklands were sensitiveto Loranthaceae impact on their fruit yield. Conclusion.These findings were helpful for implementing some shea tree conservationplans.

Keywords

BeninVitellaria paradoxafruitsyieldLoranthaceaeparasitismcolonizing abilityhabitatsBéninVitellaria paradoxafruitsrendementLoranthaceaeparasitismeptitude à coloniserhabitatBeninVitellaria paradoxafruitasrendimientoLoranthaceaeparasitismoaptitud colonizadorahabitat
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , March 2013 , pp. 109 - 120
Copyright
© 2013 Cirad/EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Hall J.B., Aebischer D.P., Tomlinson H.F., Osei-Amaning E., Hindle J.R., Vitellaria paradoxa, A monograph, vol. 8, Univ. Wales, Bangor, U.K., 1996.
Lovett, N.P., Haq, N., Evidence for anthropic selection of shea nut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa), Agrofor. Syst. 48 (2000) 273–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teklehaimanot, Z., Exploiting the potential of indigenous agroforestry trees: Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa in sub-Saharan Africa, Agrof. Syst. 61 (2004) 207–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maranz, S., Kpikpi, W., Wiesman, Z., Sauveur, A.D.S., Chapagain, B., Nutritional values and indigenous preferences for Shea fruits (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn. F.) in African agroforestry parklands, Econ. Bot. 58 (2004) 588–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plenderleith K., Brown N., Baillonella toxisperma: a state of knowledge study, Oxford For. Inst., Dep. Plant Sci., Oxford Univ., Oxford, U.K., 2000.
Boffa, J.M.J., West African agroforestry parklands: keys to conservation and sustainable management, Unasylva 51 (2000) 11–17.Google Scholar
Boussim, I.J., Sallé, G., Guinko, S., Tapinanthus, parasite du karité au Burkina Faso, Bois For. Trop. 238 (1993) 45–65.Google Scholar
Sallé, G., Boussim, J., Raynal-Roques, A., Brunck, F., Le karité une richesse potentielle, perspectives de recherche pour améliorer sa production, Bois For. Trop. 228 (1991) 11–23.Google Scholar
Boussim I.J., Les phanérogames parasites du Burkina Faso: inventaire, taxonomie, écologie et quelques aspects de leur biologie. Cas particulier des Loranthaceae parasites du karité, Thèse, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2002, 285 p.
Boussim, I.J., Guinko, S., Tuquet, C., Sallé, G., Loranthaceae of the agroforestry parklands of Burkina Faso, Agrofor. Syst. 60 (2004) 39–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odebiyi, J.A., Bada, S.O., Omoloye, A.A., Awodoyin, R.O., Oni, P.I., Vertebrate and insect pests and hemi-parasitic plants of Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa in Nigeria, Agrofor. Syst. 60 (2004) 51–59. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamien, N., Boussim, J.I., Nygard, R., Ouédraogo, J.S., Odén, P.C., Guinko, S., Loranthaceae impact on shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) flowering and fruiting behaviour in savanna area from Burkina Faso, Environ. Exp. Bot. 55 (2006) 142–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown A.H.D., Hardner C.M., Sampling the gene pools of forest trees for ex situ conservation, in: Young A., Boshier D., Boyle T. (Eds.), Forest conservation genetics, principles and practise, CSIRO Publ. CABI Publ., 2000.
El Kassaby Y., Effect of forest tree domestication on gene pools, in: Young A., Boshier D., Boyle T. (Eds.), Forest conservation genetics, principles and practise, CSIRO Publ. CABI Publ., 2000.
Sanou, H., Picard, N., Lovett, P.N., Dembélé, M., Korbo, A., Diarisso, D., Bouvet, J.-M., Phenotypic variation of agromorphological traits of the shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa CF Gaertn., in Mali, Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 53 (2006) 145–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamien, N., Ouédraogo, S.J., Diallo, O.B., Guinko, S., Productivité fruitière du karité (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. C. F., Sapotaceae) dans les parcs agroforestiers traditionnels au Burkina Faso, Fruits 59 (2004) 423–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, B.A., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Bouvet, J.-M., Impact of agroforestry practices on the flowering phenology of Vitellaria paradoxa in parklands in southern Mali, Agrofor. Syst. 71 (2007) 67–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovett, P.N., Haq, N., Diversity of the shea nut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) in Ghana, Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 47 (2000) 293–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boffa J.M.J., Productivity and management of agroforestry parklands in the Sudan zone of Burkina Faso, West Africa, Purdue Univ., thesis, U.S.A., 1995, 101 p.
Schreckenberg K., Forests, fields and markets: a study of indigenous tree products in woody savannas of the Bassila region, Benin, Univ. Lond., thesis, U. K., 1996, 326 p.
Sinha, A., Bawa, K.S., Harvesting techniques, hemi-parasites and fruit production in two non-timber forest trees species in South India, For. Ecol. Manag. 168 (2002) 289–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, D., Shrestha, M.K., Musli, I., Are invasive Loranthaceae killing Ziziphus spina-christi? Isr. J. Plant Sci. 54 (2006) 113–117. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houehanou, T.D., Kindomihou, V., Sinsin, B., Effectiveness of conservation areas in protecting shea trees against hemiparasitic plants (Loranthaceae) in Benin, West Africa, Plant Ecol. Evol. 144(3) (2011) 267–274. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinsin, B., Tehou, A.C., Daouda, I., Saidou, A., Abundance and species richness of larger mammals in Pendjari National Park in Benin, Mammalia 66 (3) (2002) 369–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adomou C.A., Vegetation patterns and environmental gradients in Benin. Implications for biogeography and conservation, Wagening. Univ., Wagening., thesis, Neth., 2005, 136 p.
Seghieri, J., Floret, C.H., Pontanier, R., Plant phenology in relation to water availability: herbaceous and woody species in the savannas of northern Cameroon, J. Trop. Ecol. 11 (1995) 237–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okullo, J.B.L, Hall, J.B., Obua, J., Leafing, flowering and fruiting of Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. nilotica in savannah parklands in Uganda, Agrofor. Syst. 60 (2004) 77–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamien, N., Tigabu, M., Guinko, S., Oden, P.C., Variations in dendrometric and fruiting characters of Vitellaria paradoxa populations and multivariate models for estimation of fruit yield, Agrofor. Syst. 69 (2007) 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zar J.H., Biostatistical analysis, 4th ed., Prentice Hall, N.J., U.S.A., 1999.
Lowe A., Harris S., Ashton P., Ecological genetics: design, analysis and application, 6th ed., Backwell, Lond., U.K., 2004.
Anon., SAS Online Doc 9.1., SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, U.S.A., 2004.
Tennakoon, K.U., Pate, J.S., Effects of parasitism by Loranthaceae on structure and functioning of branches of its host, Plant Cell Environ. 19 (1996) 517–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach, C., Kelly, D., Hazlett, A.B., Forest edges benefit adults, but not seedlings, of the mistletoe Alepis flavida (Loranthaceae), J. Ecol. 93 (2005) 79–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maranz, S., Wiesman, Z., Evidence for indigenous selection and distribution of the Shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa, and its potential significance to prevailing parkland savanna tree patterns in sub-Saharan Africa north of the equator, J. Biogeogr. 30 (2003) 1505–1516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glèlè Kakaï, R., Akpona, T.J.D., Assogbadjo, A.E., Gaoué, O.G., Chakeredz, S., Gnanglè, P.C., Mensah, G.A., Sinsin, B., Ecological adaptation of the shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) along climatic gradient in Benin, West Africa, Afr. J. Ecol. 49 (2011) 440–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mbayngone, E., Thiombiano, A., Dégradation des aires protégées par l’exploitation des ressources végétales : cas de la réserve partielle de faune de Pama, Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest), Fruits 66 (2011) 187–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar