Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T21:19:41.277Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of calcium and nitrogen fertilization onbacterial canker susceptibility in stone fruits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2013

Tiesen Cao ,
Roger A. Duncan ,
Bruce C. Kirkpatrick ,
Kenneth A. Shackel  and
Theodore M. DeJong
Tiesen Cao*
Affiliation:
Dep. Agric. Food Nutr. Sci., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [email protected]
Roger A. Duncan
Affiliation:
Univ. Calif. Coop. Ext., Modesto, CA 95358, USA
Bruce C. Kirkpatrick
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Pathol., Univ. Calif., Davis, CA, 95616 USA
Kenneth A. Shackel
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Sci./Pomol., Univ. Calif., Davis, CA, 95616 USA
Theodore M. DeJong
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Sci./Pomol., Univ. Calif., Davis, CA, 95616 USA
*
* Correspondence and reprints
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. Bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, is a destructive disease where stone fruit trees are cultivated. The efficacy of nitrogen and calcium fertilization on bacterial canker susceptibility was evaluated in stone fruits. Materials and methods. Field experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of foliar applications of calcium nitrate, and ground fertilization with CAN-17 plus low-biuret urea foliar spray on bacterial susceptibility in ‘Riegel’ peach, ‘French’ prune and ‘Nonpareil’ almond growing in ring nematode-infested and nematicide-fumigated soils. Host susceptibility was evaluated by measuring the length of lesions developed following inoculation with P. syringae pv. syringae. Results and discussion. Foliar applications of Ca(NO3)2 significantly increased leaf nitrogen and bark calcium concentrations in peach trees growing in both fumigated and nonfumigated areas. Peach trees growing in nonfumigated areas developed significantly longer lesions than trees growing in fumigated areas. However, Ca(NO3)2 foliar applications had no effect in decreasing peach susceptibility to bacterial infection in both nonfumigated and fumigated areas. After inoculation, diseased prune trees developed significantly longer lesions than healthy trees. Leaf and bark calcium concentrations of diseased prune were significantly increased after Ca(NO3)2 foliar sprays, but again the treatments did not significantly affect prune susceptibility to bacterial infection. However, nitrogen fertilization with CAN-17 and urea significantly increased the bark nitrogen concentration of almond trees, and these trees had significantly smaller lesions than those not receiving nitrogen fertilization. Foliar application of calcium (Nutri-Cal) did not affect almond susceptibility to bacterial canker. Collectively, these data support the previous hypothesis that increased susceptibility of stone fruits to P. syringae pv. syringae under nematode infestation conditions is mediated by both nitrogen effects and nitrogen-independent effects, and application of ammonium nitrogen may have some beneficial effects in reducing stone fruit susceptibility to bacterial canker where ring nematode infestation prevails.

Keywords

USAPrunus persicaPrunus aviumPrunus domesticaplant diseasesPseudomonas syringaeplant nematodesMesocriconema xenoplaxcultivationÉtats-UnisPrunus persicaPrunus aviumPrunus domesticamaladie des plantesPseudomonas syringaenématode des plantesMesocriconema xenoplaxpratique culturaleEUAPrunus persicaPrunus aviumPrunus domesticaenfermedades de las plantasPseudomonas syringaenematodos de las plantasMesocriconema xenoplaxcultivo
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 68 , Issue 3 , May 2013 , pp. 245 - 254
Copyright
© 2013 Cirad/EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cameron, H.R., Diseases of deciduous fruit trees incited by Pseudomonas syringae van Hall. A review of the literature with additional data, Oregon Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 66 (1962) 1–64.Google Scholar
Wormald, H., Bacterial diseases of stone fruits in Britain. III. The symptoms of bacterial canker in plum trees, J. Pomol. 9 (1931) 239–256.Google Scholar
Wormald, H., Bacterial canker as a cause of dieback in plum trees, J. Minist. Agric. 39 (1932) 208–217.Google Scholar
English, H., Lownsbery, B.F., Schick, F.J., Burlando, T., Effect of ring and pin nematodes on the development of bacterial canker and Cytospora canker in young ‘French’ prune trees, Plant Dis. 66 (1982) 114–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKenry, M.V., Kretsch, J., Survey of nematodes associated with almond production in California, Plant Dis. 71 (1987) 71–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Underwood, T., Jaffee, B.A., Verdegaal, P., Norton, M.V.K., Asai, W.K., Muldoon, A.E., McKenry, M.V., Ferris, H., Effect of lime on Criconemella xenoplax and bacterial canker in two California orchards, J. Nematol. 26 (1994) 606–611.Google ScholarPubMed
Vigouroux, A., Bussi, C., Une action possible des sols sur la prédisposition des pêchers au dépérissement bactérien par modification de la teneur en eau hivernale des tiges, Agronomie 14 (1994) 319–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
English, H., DeVay, J.E., Lilleland, O., Davis, J.R., Effect of certain soil treatments on the development of bacterial canker in peach trees, (Abstr.) Phytopathology 51 (1961) 65. Google Scholar
Melakeberhan, H., Jones, A.L., Sobiczewski, P., Bird, G.W., Factors associated with the decline of sweet cherry trees in Michigan: nematodes, bacterial canker, nutrition, soil pH, and winter injury, Plant Dis. 77 (1993) 266–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwick, S.M., Yeager, J.T., Weis, K.G., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Little, E.L., Westerdah, B.B., Relationship between nitrogen fertilization and bacterial canker in ‘French’ prune, (Abstr.) HortSci. 32 (1997) 520.Google Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Berger, J.F., Bussi, C., La sensibilité du pêcher au dépérissement bactérien en France : incidence de certaines caractéristiques du sol et de l’irrigation. Relations avec la nutrition, Agronomie 7 (1987) 483–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Bussi, C., Importance of water consumption on calcium content and protection of peaches predisposed to bacterial dieback by growing in acid soils, Acta Hortic. 254 (1989) 291–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vigouroux, A., Bussi, C., Influence of water availability and soil calcic amendment on susceptibility of apricot to bacterial canker, Acta Hortic. 384 (1995) 607–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, D.J., Wehunt, E.J., Effect of soil pH on susceptibility of peach to Pseudomonas syringae, Phytopathology 65 (1975) 984–989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klement, Z., Rozsnyay, D.S., Arsenijevic, M., Apoplexy of apricots. II. Relationship of winter frost and the bacterial canker and die-back of apricots, Acta Phytopathol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9 (1974) 35–45.Google Scholar
Weaver, D.J., Interaction of Pseudomonas syringae and freezing in bacterial canker on excised peach twigs, Phytopathology 68 (1978) 1460–1463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, D.J., Wehunt, E.J., Dowler, W.M., Association of tree site, Pseudomonas syringae, Criconemoides xenoplax, and pruning date with short life of peach trees in Georgia, Plant Dis. Rep. 58 (1974) 76–79.Google Scholar
Mojtahedi, H., Lownsbery, B.F., Moody, E.H., Ring nematodes increase development of bacterial cankers in plums, Phytopathology 65 (1975) 556–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, T., Duncan, R.A., McKenry, M.V., Shackel, K.A., DeJong, T.M., Kirkpatrick, B.C., The interaction between nitrogen fertilized peach trees and the expression of syrB, a gene involved in syringomycin production in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Phytopathology 95 (2005) 581–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, T., McKenry, M.V., Duncan, R.A., DeJong, T.M., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Shackel, K.A., Influence of ring nematode infestation and calcium, nitrogen, and indoleacetic acid applications on peach susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Phytopathology 96 (2006) 608–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
English, H., DeVay, J.E., Schick, F.J., Lownsbery, B.F., Reducing bacterial cankerdamage in ‘French’ prunes, Calif. Agric. 37 (1983) 10–11.Google Scholar
Mojtahedi, H., Lownsbery, B.F., Pathogenicity of Criconemoides xenoplax to prune and plum rootstocks, J. Nematol. 72 (1975) 114–119. Google Scholar
Sharpe R.R., Nyczepir A.P., Reilly C.C., Effect of nematodes on nutrient uptake in Lovell and Nemaguard peach seedlings, in: Zehr E.D. (Ed.), Stone Fruit Tree Decline, Third Workshop Proc., USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A., 1988, pp. 46–83.
Sayler, R.J., Kirkpatrick, B.C., The effect of copper sprays and fertilization on bacterial canker in ‘French’ prune, Can. J. Plant Pathol. 25 (2003) 406–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeVay, J.E., Lukezic, F.L., Sinden, S.L., English, H., Coplin, D.L., A biocide produced by pathogenic isolates of Pseudomonas syringae and its possible role in the bacterial canker disease of peach trees, Phytopathology 58 (1968) 95–101.Google Scholar
Cao, T., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Shackel, K.A., DeJong, T.M., Influence of mineral nutrients and freezing-thawing on peach susceptibility to bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Fruits 66 (2011) 441–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 44 (1954) 301–307.Google ScholarPubMed
Cao, T., Sayler, R.J., DeJong, T.M., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Bostock, R.M., Shackel, K.A., Influence of stem diameter, water content and freezing-thawing on bacterial canker development in excised stems of dormant stone fruit, Phytopathology 89 (1999) 962–966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pella, E., Elemental organic analysis. Part 1. Historical developments, Am. Lab. 22 (1990) 116–125.Google Scholar
Pella, E., Elemental organic analysis. Part 2. State of the art, Am. Lab. 22 (1990) 28–32. Google Scholar
Fernandez, G.C.J., Residual analysis and data transformations: Important tools in statistical analysis, HortScience 27 (1992) 297–300.Google Scholar
Wormald H., Garner R.J., Manurial trial on nursery trees with reference to effect on plum bacterial canker, Annu. Rep. East Malling Res. Stn. 1937. Sect. III, 1938, pp. 194–197.
Wehunt, E.J., Weaver, D.J., Effect of high rates of calcium and magnesium soil amendments on Macroposthonia xenoplax and bacterial canker of peach seedlings, J. Nematol. 12 (1980) 240–241.Google Scholar
Mojtahedi, H., Lownsbery, B.F., The effects of ammonia-generating fertilizer on Criconemoides xenoplax in pot cultures, J. Nematol. 8 (1976) 306–309.Google ScholarPubMed