Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tpknm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-25T10:36:01.427Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Budbreak, fruit quality and maturity of ‘Superior’ seedless grapes as affected by Dormex® under Jordan Valley conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2008

Jalal Muhtaseb  and
Hani Ghnaim
Jalal Muhtaseb
Affiliation:
Natl. Cent. Agric. Res. Technol. Transf., PO Box 639, Postal Code 19381, Jordan
Hani Ghnaim
Affiliation:
Natl. Cent. Agric. Res. Technol. Transf., PO Box 639, Postal Code 19381, Jordan
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. In subtropical regions, the lack of or insufficient winter chilling has been one of the most important yield-limiting factors for table grapes. Winter chilling for several weeks is required to cause the transition of both vegetative and floral buds from the dormant to the active state. Thus, the effect of time of application of Dormex® (hydrogen cyanamide) on fruit quality and ripening of ‘Superior’ seedless grape was evaluated under Jordan Valley conditions.Materials and methods. Five-year-old ‘Superior’ seedless vines were pruned on 20 December and sprayed to run-off with a 5% (v/v) concentration of Dormex® at pruning (Dormexprun0), 7 d (Dormexprun7) or 14 d (Dormexprun14) after pruning in comparison with the pruned-only control plants. The date of vegetative budbreak and start of flowering were determined. Fruits were harvested at intervals of 7 d starting from 9 May, with four harvests. Studied data were fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and maturity with the [TSS:TA] ratio. Results and discussion. All pruned and sprayed vines broke bud 23–46 d after pruning. The (Dormexprun0) and (Dormexprun7) treatments were the earliest. Compared with the control, Dormex®-treated vines broke bud 4–26 d earlier. All pruned and Dormex®-treated vines started flowering 55–64 d after pruning, with 4–13 d earlier than the control. Fruits of the (Dormexprun0) treatment had significantly the highest fruit weight, TSS and the least TA, and it was the only treatment that exceeded the [18:1] (TSS:TA) level. Additionally, higher TSS and lower TA were observed for fruits of Dormex®-treated vines during all harvest dates in comparison with the control. Conclusion. Our study showed that, under southern Jordan Valley conditions, Dormex® should be applied as early as at pruning time to obtain early budbreak and maturity.

Keywords

JordanJordan RiverVitis viniferadormancy breakersfruitsqualityJordanieJourdainVitis viniferasubstance levant la dormancefruitsqualité
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , May 2008 , pp. 171 - 178
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences, 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Anon., Crop statistics report, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Minist. Agric., Amman, Jordan, 2005.
Gehrmann H., Dormex, The most potent bud-breaking agent for grapevines, kiwifruit and deciduous fruits, ISHS-TZFTS Newsl. 1 (4) (2002).
Lombard, P.J., Viljoen, J.A., Wolf, E.H., Preliminary results for the evaluation of new rest breaking agents on table grapes in South Africa, Acta Hortic. 514 (2000) 99–112. CrossRef
Shulman, Y., Nir, G., Fanberstein, L., Lavee, S., The effect of hydrogen cyanamide on the release from dormancy of grapevine buds, Sci. Hortic. 19 (1983) 97–104. CrossRef
Allan, P., Winter chilling in areas with mild winters: its measurements and supplementation, Acta Hortic. 662 (2004) 47–52. CrossRef
Bartolini, S., Vitagliano, C., Cinelli, F., Scalabrelli, G., Effect of hydrogen cyanamide on budbreak and catalase activity, Acta Hortic. 441 (1997) 159–166. CrossRef
Burnett, J.J., Advancing ripening of table grapes, Deciduous Fruit Grow. 35 (8) (1985) 281–283.
Chanana, Y.R., Kaundal, G.S., Kanwar, J.S., Arora, N.K., Saini, R.S., Effect of chemical and hand thinning on maturity, yield and fruit quality of peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], Acta Hortic. 592 (2002) 309–315. CrossRef
Kaundal G.S., Rasool K., Brar S.S., Effect of Dormex and pruning time on flowering, fruiting and quality of Shan-i-Punjab [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], J. Res. (Punjab Agric. Univ.) 35 (1/2) (1998) 41–48.
Lavee, S., May, P., Dormancy of grapevine buds – facts and speculation, Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. 3 (1997) 31–46. CrossRef
Smit, C.J., Advancing and improving budbreak in vines, Deciduous Fruit Grow. 35 (8) (1985) 273–278.
Nee C.C., Overcoming bud dormancy with hydrogen cyanamide: timing and mechanism, Oregon State Univ., Thesis, Corvallis, USA, 1986.
Bracho E., Johnson J.O., Wicks A.S., Lider L.A., Weaver R.J., Using hydrogen cyanamide to promote uniform budbreak in Cabernet Sauvignon in California: preliminary results, in: Weaver J.R., Proc. Bud dormancy in grapevines: potential and practical uses of H2CN2 on grapevines, Univ. Calif., Davis, USA, 1985, 11–14.
George, A.P., Lloyd, J., Nissen, R.J., Effects of hydrogen cyanamide, paclobutrazol and pruning date on dormancy release of the low chill peach cultivar Flordaprince in subtropical Australia, Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 32 (1992) 89–95. CrossRef
Bikash Das, S.N., Jindal, P.C., Sureja, A.K., Effect of Dormex, CPPU and GA3 on berry growth and ripening of ‘Pusa’ seedless cultivar of grape, J. Appl. Hortic. 3 (2) (2001) 105–107.
Cirami, R.M., Furkaliev, D.G., Effect of time of pruning and hydrogen cyanamide on growth and development of glasshouse-grown Cardinal grapes, Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 31 (1991) 273–278. CrossRef
Kara S., Altindisli A., Coban H., llter E., Investigations on the effects of Dormex on bud-burst, ripening and table quality in Round seedless, J. Agric. Fac. Ege Univ. 34 (1–2) (1997) 57–63.
McColl, C.R., Cyanamide advances the maturity of table grapes in central Australia, Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 26 (1986) 505–509. CrossRef
Zelleke, A., Kliewer, W.M., The effects of hydrogen cyanamide on enhancing the time and amount of budbreak in young grape vineyards, Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 40 (1989) 47–51.
George, A.P., Nissen, R.J., Baker, J.A., Effects of hydrogen cyanamide in manipulating budburst and advancing fruit maturity of table grapes in south-eastern Queensland, Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 28 (1988) 533–538. CrossRef
Poni, S., Filippetti, I., Zanotti, A., Effects of Dormex applications on Vitis vinifera, cv. Sangiovese, in a cold winter area, Adv. Hortic. Sci. 4 (1990) 121–126.
Or, E., Nir, G., Vilozny, I., Timing of hydrogen cyanamide application to grapevine buds, Vitis 38 (1) (1999) 1–6. PubMed
Anon., Official methods of analysis, Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (AOAC), 11th ed., Washington, D.C., USA, 1970.
Anon., MSTAT, Statistically User’s Guide, Version 4.0 ed., Mich. State Univ., USA, 1985.
Bound, S. A., Jones, K. M., Hydrogen cyanamide impacts on flowering, crop load and fruit quality of red ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica), N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 32 (2004) 227–234. CrossRef
Siller-Cepeda, J.H., Fuchigami, L.H., Chen, T.H., Hydrogen cyanamide induced budbreak and phytotoxicity in 'Redhaven' peach buds, HortScience 27 (1992) 874–876.
Williamson, J.G., Krewer, G., Maust, B.E., Miller, E.P., Hydrogen cyanamide accelerates vegetative budbreak and shortens fruit development period of blueberry, HortScience 37 (2002) 539–542.
North, M., Effect of application date on the rest-breaking action of cyanamide on Golden Delicious apples, Deciduous Fruit Grow. 43 (1993) 470–472.
Williams, L.E., The effect of cyanamide on budbreaks and vine development of Thompson seedless grapevines in the San Joaquin Valley of California, Vitis 26 (1987) 107–113.
Carreno, J., Faraj, S., Martinez, A., The effects of hydrogen cyanamide on budburst and fruit maturity of Thompson seedless grapevine, J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 74 (4) (1999) 426–429. CrossRef