MicroRNA-181a – a tale of discrepancies

Aliaa M. Seoudi; Yasmine A. Lashine; Ahmed I. Abdelaziz

doi:10.1017/S1462399411002122

MicroRNA-181a – a tale of discrepancies

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 February 2012

Aliaa M. Seoudi ,

Yasmine A. Lashine and

Ahmed I. Abdelaziz

Show author details

Aliaa M. Seoudi: Affiliation:
The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
Yasmine A. Lashine: Affiliation:
The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed I. Abdelaziz*: Affiliation:
The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
*: *Corresponding author: Ahmed I. Abdelaziz, The German University in Cairo – GUC, New Cairo City – Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, 11835 Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]

Article contents

Abstract
References

Get access

Rights & Permissions

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators. The low complementarity required between the sequences of a miRNA and its target mRNA enables a single miRNA to act on a large range of targets. Thus miRNAs have an intersecting complex effect that spans a multiplicity of pathways and processes. In this review, the different roles of a vital miRNA, miR-181a, in physiological and pathological developments are collated in an attempt to highlight the intersections of such processes and to show how the deregulation of miR-181a could in one context drive malignancy, whereas in another it can lead to autoimmunity. Such deregulation could be related to the faulty levels of one of its own targets, p53, which was recently reported to control an array of miRNAs, one of which is miR-181a. This sheds light on a hidden loop of chaos behind chronic diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer.

Type: Review Article
Information: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 14 , March 2012 , e5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1462399411002122 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Ohno, S. (1972) So much ‘junk’ DNA in our genome. Evolution of Genetic Systems (Smith, H. H. ed), pp. 366-370, Gordon and Breach, New York, USAGoogle Scholar

2Lewis, B.P. et al. (2003) Prediction of Mammalian MicroRNA Targets. Cell 115, 787-798CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

3Calin, G.A. and Croce, C.M. (2006) MicroRNA signatures in human cancers. Natures Reviews Cancer 6, 857-866CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

4Lashine, Y.A. et al. (2011) Expression signature of microRNA-181-a reveals its crucial role in the pathogenesis of paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 29, 351-357Google Scholar PubMed

5Lim, L.P. et al. (2005) Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate a large number of target mRNAs. Nature 433, 769-773CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

6Huang, S. et al. (2010) MicroRNA-181a modulates gene expression of zinc finger family members by directly targeting their coding regions. Nucleic Acids Research 38, 7211-7218.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

7Chng, Z. et al. (2010) SIP1 mediates cell-fate decisions between neuroectoderm and mesendoderm in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 6, 59-70CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

8Shaw, L., Johnson, P.A. and Kimber, S.J. (2010) Gene expression profiling of the developing mouse kidney and embryo. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology. Animal 46, 155-165CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

9Seuntjens, E. et al. (2009) Sip1 regulates sequential fate decisions by feedback signaling from postmitotic neurons to progenitors. Nature Neuroscience 12, 1373-1380CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

10Yoshimoto, A. et al. (2005) Regulation of ocular lens development by Smad-interacting protein 1 involving Foxe3 activation. Development 132, 4437-4448CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

11Peinado, H., Olmeda, D. and Cano, A. (2007) Snail, Zeb and bHLH factors in tumour progression: an alliance against the epithelial phenotype? Nature Reviews Cancer 7, 415-428CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

12Saunders, L.R. et al. (2010) miRNAs regulate SIRT1 expression during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation and in adult mouse tissues. Aging (Albany NY) 2, 415-431CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

13Ryan, D.G., Oliveira-Fernandes, M. and Lavker, R.M. (2006) MicroRNAs of the mammalian eye display distinct and overlapping tissue specificity. Molecular Vision 12, 1175-1184Google Scholar PubMed

14Ji, J. et al. (2009) Identification of microRNA-181 by genome-wide screening as a critical player in EpCAM-positive hepatic cancer stem cells. Hepatology 50, 472-480CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

15Pan, Q. et al. (2007) The expression profile of micro-RNA in endometrium and endometriosis and the influence of ovarian steroids on their expression. Molecular Human Reproduction 13, 797-806CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

16Li, Y.G. et al. (2009) Knockdown of microRNA-181 by lentivirus mediated siRNA expression vector decreases the arrhythmogenic effect of skeletal myoblast transplantation in rat with myocardial infarction. Microvascular Research 78, 393-404CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

17Safdar, A. et al. (2009) miRNA in the regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation to acute endurance exercise in C57Bl/6J male mice. PLoS One 4, e5610CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

18Kazenwadel, J., Michael, M.Z. and Harvey, N.L. (2010) Prox1 expression is negatively regulated by miR-181 in endothelial cells. Blood 116, 2395-2401CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

19Chen, C.Z. et al. (2004) MicroRNAs modulate hematopoietic lineage differentiation. Science 303, 83-86CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

20Ramkissoon, S.H. et al. (2006) Hematopoietic-specific microRNA expression in human cells. Leukemia Research 30, 643-647CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

21Okada, H., Kohanbash, G. and Lotze, M.T. (2010) MicroRNAs in immune regulation – opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 42, 1256-1261CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

22Ebert, P.J. et al. (2009) An endogenous positively selecting peptide enhances mature T cell responses and becomes an autoantigen in the absence of microRNA miR-181a. Nature Immunology 10, 1162-1169CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

23Neilson, J.R. et al. (2007) Dynamic regulation of miRNA expression in ordered stages of cellular development. Genes and Development 21, 578-589CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

24Liu, G. et al. (2008) Pre-miRNA loop nucleotides control the distinct activities of mir-181a-1 and mir-181c in early T cell development. PLoS One 3, e3592CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

25Li, Q.J. et al. (2007) miR-181a is an intrinsic modulator of T cell sensitivity and selection. Cell 129, 147-161CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

26Dittel, B.N. et al. (1999) Cross-antagonism of a T cell clone expressing two distinct T cell receptors. Immunity 11, 289-298CrossRef Google Scholar

27Stefanova, I. et al. (2003) TCR ligand discrimination is enforced by competing ERK positive and SHP-1 negative feedback pathways. Nature Immunology 4, 248-254CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

28Altan-Bonnet, G. and Germain, R.N. (2005) Modeling T cell antigen discrimination based on feedback control of digital ERK responses. PLoS Biology 3, e356CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

29Choong, M.L., Yang, H.H. and McNiece, I. (2007) MicroRNA expression profiling during human cord blood-derived CD34 cell erythropoiesis. Experimental Hematology 35, 551-564CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

30Gao, W. et al. (2011) MiR-21 overexpression in human primary squamous cell lung carcinoma is associated with poor patient prognosis. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 137, 557-566CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

31Shin, K.H. et al. (2011) miR-181a shows tumor suppressive effect against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by downregulating K-ras. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 404, 896-902CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

32Caulin, C. et al. (2004) Inducible activation of oncogenic K-ras results in tumor formation in the oral cavity. Cancer Research 64, 5054-5058CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

33Gao, W. et al. (2010) Deregulated expression of miR-21, miR-143 and miR-181a in non small cell lung cancer is related to clinicopathologic characteristics or patient prognosis. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 64, 399-408CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

34Cheng, A.M. et al. (2005) Antisense inhibition of human miRNAs and indications for an involvement of miRNA in cell growth and apoptosis. Nucleic Acids Research 33, 1290-1297CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

35Fei, J. et al. (2008) Inhibitory effects of anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) on A549 cell growth. Journal of Drug Targeting 16, 688-693CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

36Galluzzi, L. et al. (2010) miR-181a and miR-630 regulate cisplatin-induced cancer cell death. Cancer Research 70, 1793-1803CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

37Ciafre, S.A. et al. (2005) Extensive modulation of a set of microRNAs in primary glioblastoma. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 334, 1351-1358CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

38Shi, L. et al. (2008) hsa-mir-181a and hsa-mir-181b function as tumor suppressors in human glioma cells. Brain Research 1236, 185-193CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

39Chen, G. et al. (2010) MicroRNA-181a sensitizes human malignant glioma U87MG cells to radiation by targeting Bcl-2. Oncology Reports 23, 997-1003Google Scholar PubMed

40Wald, A.I. et al. (2010) Alteration of microRNA profiles in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines by human papillomavirus. Head and Neck 33, 504-512CrossRef Google Scholar

41Miller, T.E. et al. (2008) MicroRNA-221/222 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by targeting p27Kip1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, 29897-29903CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

42Wang, Y. et al. (2010) Transforming growth factor-beta regulates the sphere-initiating stem cell-like feature in breast cancer through miRNA-181 and ATM. Oncogene 30, 1470-1480CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

43Maillot, G. et al. (2009) Widespread estrogen-dependent repression of micrornas involved in breast tumor cell growth. Cancer Research 69, 8332-8340CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

44Debernardi, S. et al. (2007) MicroRNA miR-181a correlates with morphological sub-class of acute myeloid leukaemia and the expression of its target genes in global genome-wide analysis. Leukemia 21, 912-916CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

45Pons, A. et al. (2009) Hematopoiesis-related microRNA expression in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia and Lymphoma 50, 1854-1859CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

46Wang, Y. et al. (2010) MicroRNAs expression signatures are associated with lineage and survival in acute leukemias. Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases 44, 191-197CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

47Zimmerman, E.I. et al. (2010) Lyn kinase-dependent regulation of miR181 and Mcl-1 expression: implications for drug resistance in myelogenous leukemia. Molecular Pharmacology 78, 811-817CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

48Pichiorri, F. et al. (2008) MicroRNAs regulate critical genes associated with multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, 12885-12890CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

49Lwin, T. et al. (2010) Follicular dendritic cell-dependent drug resistance of non-Hodgkin lymphoma involves cell adhesion-mediated Bim down-regulation through induction of microRNA-181a. Blood 116, 5228-5236CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

50Mortarino, M. et al. (2010) Identification of suitable endogenous controls and differentially expressed microRNAs in canine fresh-frozen and FFPE lymphoma samples. Leukemia Research 34, 1070-1077CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

51Marton, S. et al. (2008) Small RNAs analysis in CLL reveals a deregulation of miRNA expression and novel miRNA candidates of putative relevance in CLL pathogenesis. Leukemia 22, 330-338CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

52Visone, R. et al. (2009) Karyotype-specific microRNA signature in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 114, 3872-3879CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

53Calin, G.A., Pekarsky, Y. and Croce, C.M. (2007) The role of microRNA and other non-coding RNA in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Haematology 20, 425-437CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

54Pallasch, C.P. et al. (2009) miRNA deregulation by epigenetic silencing disrupts suppression of the oncogene PLAG1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 114, 3255-3264CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

55Pizzimenti, S. et al. (2009) MicroRNA expression changes during human leukemic HL-60 cell differentiation induced by 4-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 46, 282-288CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

56Zhou, J.Y. et al. (2006) Effects of microRNA miR-181a on gene expression profiles of K562 cells. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 26, 606-609Google Scholar PubMed

57Wang, X. et al. (2009) MicroRNAs181 regulate the expression of p27Kip1 in human myeloid leukemia cells induced to differentiate by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cell Cycle 8, 736-741CrossRef Google Scholar

58Vinuesa, C.G., Rigby, R.J. and Yu, D. (2009) Logic and extent of miRNA-mediated control of autoimmune gene expression. International Review of Immunology 28, 112-138CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

59Te, J.L. et al. (2010) Identification of unique microRNA signature associated with lupus nephritis. PLoS One 5, e10344CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

60Boominathan, L. (2010) The tumor suppressors p53, p63, and p73 are regulators of microRNA processing complex. PLoS One 5, e10615CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

61Tarasov, V. et al. (2007) Differential regulation of microRNAs by p53 revealed by massively parallel sequencing: miR-34a is a p53 target that induces apoptosis and G1-arrest. Cell Cycle 6, 1586-1593CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

62Tsang, J., Zhu, J. and van Oudenaarden, A. (2007) MicroRNA-mediated feedback and feedforward loops are recurrent network motifs in mammals. Molecular Cell 26, 753-767CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

63Nuorva, K. et al. (1993) Concurrent p53 expression in bronchial dysplasias and squamous cell lung carcinomas. American Journal of Pathology 142, 725-732Google Scholar PubMed

64Fontanini, G. et al. (1994) Human non-small cell lung cancer: p53 protein accumulation is an early event and persists during metastatic progression. Journal of Pathology 174, 23-31CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

65Gross, M.W. et al. (2005) Expression of p53 and p21 in primary glioblastomas. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 181, 164-171CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

66El-Sayed, Z.A., Farag, D.H. and Eissa, S. (2003) Tumor suppressor protein p53 and anti-p53 autoantibodies in pediatric rheumatological diseases. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 14, 229-233CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

67Kataoka, M. et al. (2000) Down-regulation of bcl-2 is associated with p16INK4-mediated apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncogene 19, 1589-1595CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

68Xu, G.W. et al. (2001) Inactivation of p53 sensitizes U87MG glioma cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Cancer Research 61, 4155-4159Google Scholar

69Balz, V. et al. (2003) Is the p53 inactivation frequency in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck underestimated? Analysis of p53 exons 2-11 and human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 transcripts in 123 unselected tumor specimens. Cancer Research 63, 1188-1191Google Scholar PubMed

70Markovic, O. et al. (2007) The expression of p53 protein in patients with multiple myeloma. Srpski arhiv za Celokupno lekarstvo 135, 43-47CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

71Liu, J. et al. (1999) The expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer cells is down-regulated by cytokine oncostatin M. Cell Growth and Differentiation 10, 677-683Google Scholar PubMed

72Bovenkerk, S., Lanciloti, N. and Chandar, N. (2003) Induction of p53 expression and function by estrogen in osteoblasts. Calcified Tissue International 73, 274-280CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

73Esau, C. et al. (2004) MicroRNA-143 regulates adipocyte differentiation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, 52361-52365CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

74Stenvang, J. et al. (2008) The utility of LNA in microRNA-based cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Seminars in Cancer Biology 18, 89-102CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

75Naguibneva, I. et al. (2006) An LNA-based loss-of-function assay for micro-RNAs. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 60, 633-638CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

76Orom, U.A., Kauppinen, S. and Lund, A.H. (2006) LNA-modified oligonucleotides mediate specific inhibition of microRNA function. Gene 372, 137-141CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

77Esau, C. et al. (2006) miR-122 regulation of lipid metabolism revealed by in vivo antisense targeting. Cell Metabolism 3, 87-98CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

78Krutzfeldt, J. et al. (2005) Silencing of microRNAs in vivo with ‘antagomirs’. Nature 438, 685-689CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

79Ebert, M.S., Neilson, J.R. and Sharp, P.A. (2007) MicroRNA sponges: competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells. Nature Methods 4, 721-726CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

80Choi, W.Y., Giraldez, A.J. and Schier, A.F. (2007) Target protectors reveal dampening and balancing of Nodal agonist and antagonist by miR-430. Science 318, 271-274CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

81Xiao, J. et al. (2007) Novel approaches for gene-specific interference via manipulating actions of microRNAs: examination on the pacemaker channel genes HCN2 and HCN4. Journal of Cellular Physiology 212, 285-292CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

82Hua, Z. et al. (2006) MiRNA-directed regulation of VEGF and other angiogenic factors under hypoxia. PLoS One 1, e116CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

83Landen, C.N. Jr. et al. (2005) Therapeutic EphA2 gene targeting in vivo using neutral liposomal small interfering RNA delivery. Cancer Research 65, 6910-6918CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

84Lu, C. et al. (2010) Regulation of tumor angiogenesis by EZH2. Cancer Cell 18, 185-197CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

85Shahzad, M.M. et al. (2011) Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA using reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles. Neoplasia 13, 309-319CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

86Yamamoto, J. et al. (2003) Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma with concomitant invasive squamous cell carcinoma or carcinoma in situ. Human Pathology 34, 1108-1115CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

87Miura, N. et al. (2009) Clinicopathological significance of Sip1-associated epithelial mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer progression. Anticancer Research 29, 4099-4106Google Scholar PubMed

88Chelidonis, G. et al. (2009) DNA ploidy, E-cadherin, beta-catenin expression and their clinicopathologic significance in imprints of non-small cell lung cancer. Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histology 31, 332-339Google Scholar PubMed

89Zhu, J. et al. (2010) [The relationships between cyclin D1 expression and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 13, 803-808Google Scholar PubMed

90Sun, S.Y. et al. (2001) Overexpression of BCL2 blocks TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 280, 788-797CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

91Tang, C. et al. (2010) [Expression and its clinical significance of SHP2 in non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 13, 98-101Google Scholar PubMed

92Catzavelos, C. et al. (1999) Reduced expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma: a prognostic factor independent of Ras. Cancer Research 59, 684-688Google Scholar PubMed

93Gautschi, O. et al. (2007) Cyclin D1 in non-small cell lung cancer: a key driver of malignant transformation. Lung Cancer 55, 1-14CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

94Elsir, T. et al. (2010) Expression of PROX1 Is a common feature of high-grade malignant astrocytic gliomas. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 69, 129-138CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

95Stegh, A.H. et al. (2010) Glioma oncoprotein Bcl2L12 inhibits the p53 tumor suppressor. Genes and Development 24, 2194-2204CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

96Wintterle, S. et al. (2003) Expression of the B7-related molecule B7-H1 by glioma cells: a potential mechanism of immune paralysis. Cancer Research 63, 7462-7467Google Scholar

97Piva, R. et al. (1997) p27/kip1 expression in human astrocytic gliomas. Neuroscience Letters 234, 127-130CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

98Andre, J. et al. (2007) Overexpression of the antiapoptotic gene Bfl-1 in B cells from patients with familial systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 16, 95-100CrossRef Google Scholar

99Gomez-Martin, D. et al. Quantitative and functional profiles of CD4+ lymphocyte subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lymphopenia. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 164, 17-25CrossRef Google Scholar

100Hillion, S. et al. (2007) Interleukin-6 is responsible for aberrant B-cell receptor-mediated regulation of RAG expression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 122, 371-380CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

101Akimoto, T. et al. (1998) Effect of radiation on the expression of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin and invasive capacity in human lung cancer cell line in vitro. International Journal of Radiative Oncology, Biology, Physics 41, 1171-1176CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

102Driscoll, B. et al. (1997) Cyclin D1 antisense RNA destabilizes pRb and retards lung cancer cell growth. American Journal of Physiology 273, L941-L949Google Scholar PubMed

103Cheng, Q. et al. (2000) Upregulation of Bcl-x and Bfl-1 as a potential mechanism of chemoresistance, which can be overcome by NF-kappaB inhibition. Oncogene 19, 4936-4940CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

104Niu, Q. et al. (2011) Cord blood-derived cytokine-induced killer cells biotherapy combined with second-line chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced solid malignancies. International Immunopharmacology 11, 449-456CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

105Shin, S.Y. et al. (2004) Implication of Egr-1 in trifluoperazine-induced growth inhibition in human U87MG glioma cells. Experimental and Molecular Medicine 36, 380-386CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

106Narita, Y. et al. (2002) Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor signaling down-regulates p27 through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in glioblastomas. Cancer Research 62, 6764-6769Google Scholar PubMed

107Ebrahimi, M. et al. (2008) Decreased expression of the p63 related proteins beta-catenin, E-cadherin and EGFR in oral lichen planus. Oral Oncology 44, 634-638CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

108Akervall, J.A. et al. (1997) Amplification of cyclin D1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and the prognostic value of chromosomal abnormalities and cyclin D1 overexpression. Cancer 79, 380-3893.0.CO;2-W>CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

109Hager, G. et al. (2001) 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 induces elevated expression of the cell cycle-regulating genes P21 and P27 in squamous carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck. Acta Oto-laryngologica 121, 103-109Google Scholar

110Van den Hove, L.E. et al. (1998) Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset shifts in patients with untreated hematological tumors: evidence for systemic activation of the T cell compartment. Leukemia Research 22, 175-184CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

111Said, J.W. et al. (2001) TCL1 oncogene expression in B cell subsets from lymphoid hyperplasia and distinct classes of B cell lymphoma. Laboratory Investigation 81, 555-564CrossRef Google Scholar

112Shaughnessy, J. (2005) Amplification and overexpression of CKS1B at chromosome band 1q21 is associated with reduced levels of p27Kip1 and an aggressive clinical course in multiple myeloma. Hematology 10, 117-126CrossRef Google Scholar

113Liu, X. and Feng, R. (2010) Inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in metastatic breast carcinoma cells by c-Src suppression. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 42, 496-501CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

114Ye, Y. et al. (2010) E-cadherin accumulation within the lymphovascular embolus of inflammatory breast cancer is due to altered trafficking. Anticancer Research 30, 3903-3910Google Scholar PubMed

115Zwijsen, R.M. et al. (1996) Cyclin D1 triggers autonomous growth of breast cancer cells by governing cell cycle exit. Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, 2554-2560CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

116Hu, T. et al. (2008) Octamer 4 small interfering RNA results in cancer stem cell-like cell apoptosis. Cancer Research 68, 6533-6540CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

117Rasmussen, U.B. et al. (1993) Identification of a new interferon-alpha-inducible gene (p27) on human chromosome 14q32 and its expression in breast carcinoma. Cancer Research 53, 4096-4101Google Scholar PubMed

118Zhao, H. et al. (2009) The c-myb proto-oncogene and microRNA-15a comprise an active autoregulatory feedback loop in human hematopoietic cells. Blood 113, 505-516CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

119Petrocca, F. et al. (2008) E2F1-regulated microRNAs impair TGFbeta-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell 13, 272-286CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Article contents

MicroRNA-181a – a tale of discrepancies

Abstract

Access options

References

References

Further reading, resources and contacts

This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref.

Article contents

MicroRNA-181a – a tale of discrepancies

Abstract

Access options

References

References

Further reading, resources and contacts

Save article to Kindle

Save article to Dropbox

Save article to Google Drive

Reply to: Submit a response

Your details

You have entered the maximum number of contributors

Conflicting interests