Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:05:49.775Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Turkish Entrepreneurship in Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2013

Tüzýn Baycan*
Affiliation:
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Istanbul Technical University, Taşkışla TR-34437 Taksim, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Turkish migrants constitute the largest migrant community as well as the largest migrant entrepreneurial group in many European countries. Recent studies state that today 1 in 10 Turkish families is self-employed and the number of Turkish entrepreneurs operating all over EU member states has exceeded 100,000. Projections suggest that 190,000 Turkish entrepreneurs will be living in the EU member states in 2020 while employing over 1 million people. An increasing involvement of second-generation migrants in entrepreneurial activities, as well as the new orientations from traditional to non-traditional sectors and transnational activities, has led to a transformation from ‘Migrant Entrepreneurship’ towards the ‘New European Entrepreneurship’.

Type
Focus: Turkey and Europe
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Wikipedia (2012) Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org (Accessed November 2012).Google Scholar
2.Akgündüz, A. (2008) Labour Migration from Turkey to Western Europe, 1960–1974: A Multidisciplinary Analysis (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing).Google Scholar
3.Kasaba, R. (2008) The Cambridge History of Turkey: Turkey in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Cole, J. E. (ed.) (2011) Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi Vakfı (2007) Avrupa Birliği ve Almanya'da Türk Girişimcilerin Ekonomik Gücü (Economic Power of Turkish Entrepreneurs in the European Union and Germany). Prof. Dr. Faruk Şen, Yunus Ulusoy, Cem Şentürk, Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi Vakfı, Stiftung Zentrum für Türkeistudien, Institute an der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Eylül.Google Scholar
6.Turkish Ministry of Labour and Social Security (2012) http://www.csgb.gov.tr/csgbPortal/diyih.portal?page=yv&id=1 (Accessed November 2012).Google Scholar
7.CBS (2012) CBS StatLine – population; sex, age, marital status, origin and generation, 1 January. http://statline.cbs.nl (Accessed November 2012).Google Scholar
8.Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi Vakfı (2007) Hollanda ve Avrupa Birliğindeki Türk Nüfus, Hane Verileri ve Girişimcilerin Ekonomik Gücü (Turkish Population, Household Data and Economic Power of Entrepreneurs in The Netherlands and the European Union), Türkiye Araştırmalar Merkezi Vakfı, Stiftung Zentrum für Türkeistudien, Institute an der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Nisan.Google Scholar
9.Baycan-Levent, T. and Kundak, S. (2009) Motivation and driving forces of Turkish entrepreneurs in Switzerland. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 22(3), pp. 283308.Google Scholar
10.Baycan-Levent, T., Masurel, E. and Nijkamp, P. (2003) Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life. International Journal of Social Economics, 30(11–12), pp. 11311161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Baycan-Levent, T. and Nijkamp, P. (2011) Migrant female entrepreneurship: driving forces, motivation and performance. In: S. Desai, P. Nijkamp and R. Stough (eds) New Directions in Regional Economic Development: The Role of Entrepreneurship Theory and Methods, Practice and Policy (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing), pp. 198236.Google Scholar
12.Baycan-Levent, T., Nijkamp, P. and Sahin, M. (2009) New orientations in ethnic entrepreneurship: motivation, goals and strategies of new generation ethnic entrepreneurs. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 5(1-2-3), pp. 83112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Baycan, T., Sahin, M. and Nijkamp, P. (2012) The urban growth potential of second-generation migrant entrepreneurs: a sectoral study on Amsterdam. International Business Review, 21(6), pp. 971986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.UNITEE (2012) UNITEE European-Turkish Business Confederation: Business Beyond Borders. UNITEE Brochure http://www.unitee.eu (Accessed November 2012).Google Scholar
15.UNITEE (2012) UNITEE European-Turkish Business Confederation http://www.unitee.eu (Accessed November 2012).Google Scholar
16.Baycan-Levent, T. (2010) Migrant women entrepreneurship in OECD countries. In: Open for Business: Migrant Entrepreneurship in OECD Countries (Paris: OECD Publishing), pp. 227254.Google Scholar
17.Baycan-Levent, T. and Nijkamp, P. (2009) Characteristics of migrant entrepreneurship in Europe. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 21(4), pp. 375397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Baycan-Levent, T. and Nijkamp, P. (2010) Migrant entrepreneurship in a diverse Europe: in search of sustainable development. In: M. Janssens, M. Bechtold, A. de Ruijter, D. Pinelli, G. Prarolo and V. Stenius (eds) The Sustainability of Cultural Diversity: Nations, Cities and Organizations (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing), pp. 318339.Google Scholar
19.Dagevos, J. and Gesthuizen, M. (2005) Niet-Westerse Allochtonen Met een Stabiele Arbeidsmarktpositie: Aantallen en Ontwikkelingen (Den Haag: SCP – Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau).Google Scholar
20.EIM (2004) Monitor Etnisch Ondernemerschap 2004. Onderzoek voor Bedrijf & Beleid (Zoetermeer: Ministerie van Economische Zaken, November 2004).Google Scholar
21.Eurobarometer (2011) New Europeans Report. Special Eurobarometer 346/Wave 73.3 – TNS Opinion & Social (Bruxelles: TNS Opinion & Social).Google Scholar