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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 April 2020
Hooliganism has become recognised by governments and the media as a serious problem since the 1960s. Scientists have been offering explanations of football hooliganism mainly from a psychosocial approach.
The primary objective of this study was to collect measurable data of violence risk in football hooligans.
We used the Plutchik and van Praag's Past Feelings and Acts of Violence (PFAV) Scale to measure the risk of violent acts in three samples: hooligans from a professional football team, standard football supporters, and a control sample.
We found an increased risk of violent behaviour in all the individuals from the hooligan sample, but not in the standard supporters' sample.
Football hooligans have extremely high risk of committing violent acts. Standard football supporters are not more violent than general population.
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