Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T21:21:38.590Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of sub-clinical psychosis symptoms in a community cohort of 50-year-old individuals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

W. Rössler*
Affiliation:
Department of General and Social Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8004Zurich, Switzerland Collegium Helveticum, A Joint Research Institute between the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
M.P. Hengartner
Affiliation:
Department of General and Social Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8004Zurich, Switzerland
V. Ajdacic-Gross
Affiliation:
Department of General and Social Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8004Zurich, Switzerland
H. Haker
Affiliation:
Department of General and Social Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8004Zurich, Switzerland
J. Angst
Affiliation:
Department of General and Social Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8004Zurich, Switzerland
*
*Corresponding author. Department of General and Social Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8004 Zurich, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 44 296 7400; fax: +41 44 296 7409. E-mail address:[email protected] (W. Rö ssler).
Get access

Abstract

Background:

Estimation of prevalence rates of sub-clinical psychosis symptoms can vary considerably depending on the methodology used. Furthermore, discussions are ongoing how prevalence rates may differ across various syndromes.

Method:

We analyzed data from the prospective Zurich Study, assessing sub-clinical psychosis with a semi-structured clinical interview in a community cohort of 50 years old individuals. The higher-order factors of psychosis symptoms were analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis to validate the a priori specified symptom-structure. Further associations were examined with contingency tables and logistic regressions.

Results:

The confirmatory factor analysis was consistent with a structure with four higher-order syndromes. Those different syndromes were labeled “thought disorder” (lifetime prevalence = 10.6%), “ego disorder” (4.8%), “hallucination” (9.7%), and “schizotypy” (28.2%). A strong discrepancy was noted between the 12-month prevalence of any symptoms and those considered to be severe. Twelve-month prevalence rates of distressful syndromes ranged from 0.1% for hallucinations up to 6.6% for schizotypy. The most strongly interrelated syndromes were thought disorder and ego disorder (OR = 12.4).

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate a continuity of sub-clinical psychosis within the general population even though only a small proportion suffers from distressing symptoms. Our analyses showed that the syndromes identified here are similar to those found in full-blown schizophrenia, albeit in an attenuated form.

Type
Original article
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angst, J, Dobler-Mikola, A, Binder, JThe Zurich study – a prospective epidemiological study of depressive, neurotic and psychosomatic syndromes. I. Problem, methodology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 1984;234:1320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, PStructural equation modelling: adjudging model fit. Pers Individ Dif 2007;42:815824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bebbington, PE, Nayani, TThe Psychosis Screening Questionnaire. Int J Meth Psych Res 1995;5:1119.Google Scholar
Bentler, PM, Bonett, DGSignificance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structure. Psychol Bull 1980;88:588606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, WT Jr.Criticism of the DSM-V risk syndrome: a rebuttal. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2011;16:101106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, LJ, Chapman, JP, Kwapil, TR, Eckblad, M, Zinser, MCPutatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later. J Abnorm Psychol 1994;103:171183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derogatis, LRSymptom Checklist 90, R-Version manual I: scoring, administration, and procedures for the SCL-90. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press; 1977.Google Scholar
Drake, RJ, Dunn, G, Tarrier, N, Haddock, G, Haley, C, Lewis, SThe evolution of symptoms in the early course of non-affective psychosis. Schizophr Res 2003;63:171179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunn, G, Pickles, A, Tansella, M, Vazquez-Barquero, JLTwo-phase epidemiological surveys in psychiatric research. Br J Psychiatry 1999;174:95100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eich, D, Ajdacic-Gross, V, Condrau, M, Huber, H, Gamma, A, Angst, J, et al.The Zurich Study: participation patterns and Symptom Checklist 90-R scores in six interviews, 1979–99. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 2003;108:1114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finney, SJ, Distefano, CNon-normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. Hancock, G.R.Mueller, R.O.Structural equation modeling: a second course. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing: 2006. p. 269314.Google Scholar
Hu, L, Bentler, PMCutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equation Model 1999;6:155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, LC, Van Os, JThe continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population. Clin Psychol Rev 2001;21:11251141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loch, AA, Wang, YP, Rossler, W, Tofoli, LF, Silveira, CM, Andrade, LHThe psychosis continuum in the general population: findings from the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011;261:519527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mcgrath, J, Saha, S, Chant, D, Welham, JSchizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev 2008;30:6776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merikangas, KR, Zhang, H, Avenevoli, S, Acharyya, S, Neuenschwander, M, Angst, JLongitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in a prospective community study: the Zurich Cohort Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:9931000.Google Scholar
Muthén, LK, Muthén, BOMplus User's Guide. 6th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén; 1998-2010.Google Scholar
Raine, ASchizotypal personality: neurodevelopmental and psychosocial trajectories. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2006;2:291326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, A, Benishay, D, The, S.P.Q.-B.A brief screening instrument for schizotypal personality disorder. J Pers Disord 1995;9:346355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossler, W, Riecher-Rossler, A, Angst, J, Murray, R, Gamma, A, Eich, D, et al.Psychotic experiences in the general population: a twenty-year prospective community study. Schizophr Res 2007;92:114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rössler, W, Hengartner, MP, Angst, J, Ajdacic-Gross, VLinking substance use with symptoms of sub-clinical psychosis in a community cohort over 30 years. Addiction 2012;107:11741184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossler, W, Hengartner, MP, Ajdacic-Gross, V, Haker, H, Gamma, A, Angst, JSub-clinical psychosis symptoms in young adults are risk factors for subsequent common mental disorders. Schizophr Res 2011;131:1823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saha, S, Chant, D, Welham, J, Mcgrath, JA systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia. PLoS Med 2005;2:e141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schultze-Lutter, F, Schimmelmann, BG, Ruhrmann, SThe near Babylonian speech confusion in early detection of psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2011;37:653655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serretti, A, Olgiati, PDimensions of major psychoses: a confirmatory factor analysis of six competing models. Psychiatry Res 2004;127:101110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tandon, R, Keshavan, MS, Nasrallah, HASchizophrenia, “just the facts” what we know in 2008. 2. Epidemiology and etiology. Schizophr Res 2008;102:118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Os, J, Hanssen, M, Bijl, RV, Ravelli, AStrauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population?. Schizophr Res 2000;45:1120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Os, J, Linscott, RJ, Myin-Germeys, I, Delespaul, P, Krabbendam, LA systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychol Med 2009;39:179195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yung, AR, Buckby, JA, Cosgrave, EM, Killackey, EJ, Baker, K, Cotton, SM, et al.Association between psychotic experiences and depression in a clinical sample over 6 months. Schizophr Res 2007;91:246253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.