Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T05:03:23.320Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The influence of corporate and political interests on models of illness in the evolution of the DSM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

B.C. Pilecki ,
J.W. Clegg  and
D. McKay
B.C. Pilecki*
Affiliation:
Fordham University, New York, United States
J.W. Clegg
Affiliation:
John Jay College, CUNY, New York, United States
D. McKay
Affiliation:
Fordham University, New York, United States
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (B.C. Pilecki).
Get access

Abstract

The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) is an evolving document that serves the many mental health care disciplines as the primary reference guide for classifying mental disorders. While the successive framers of the DSM have attempted to base it on scientific evidence, political and economic factors have also shaped the conceptualization of mental illness. These economic and institutional forces have reinforced the DSM's use of a medical model in understanding psychopathology. Though the scientific evidence for a medical model is mixed and evidence for other types of conceptualizations have been given less attention, the medical model provides for reliable diagnoses that allot diverse benefits to treatment providers and researchers, as well as to the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. This article will outline the development of a medical model of mental illness, highlighting connections between this model and corporate and political interests, and will show how this model relates to the various revisions of, and developments within, the DSM. Such an analysis is especially relevant today as the field looks towards the publication of the newest revision of the DSM and attempts to understand and integrate its proposed changes into current treatment, theory, and research.

Keywords

DSMMedical modelHistory
Type
Review
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , April 2011 , pp. 194 - 200
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramowitz, JS, Taylor, S, McKay, DObsessive-compulsive disorder. Lancet 2009; 374: 489–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association, Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arlington, VA: Author: 2007Google Scholar
Andrews, G, Slade, TAgoraphobia without a history of panic disorder may be a part of the panic disorder syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190: 624–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antonuccio, DO, Danton, WG, McClanahan, TMPsychology in the prescription era: building a firewall between marketing and science. Am Psychol 2003; 58: 1028–1043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balon, RAntidepressants in the treatment of premature ejaculation. J Sex Marital Ther 1996; 22: 85–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barlow, DHAnxiety and its disorders. 2nd ed.New York:Guilford;2002Google Scholar
Bekelman, JE, Li, Y, Gross, CPScope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: a systematic review. JAMA 2003; 2003: 454–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berle, D, Starcevic, V, Hannan, A, Milicevic, D, Lamplugh, C, Fenech, PCognitive factors in panic disorder, agoraphobic avoidance, and agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther 2008; 46: 282–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bienvenu, OJ, Onyike, CU, Stein, MB, Chen, L, Samuels, J, Nestadt, G, et al.Agoraphobia in adults: incidence and longitudinal association with panic. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188: 432–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blashfield, RK, Keely, JW, Burgess, DRClassification.Blaneym, PMillon, TOxford Textbook of Psychopathology 2nd ed.New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.35–57.Google Scholar
Boyd, EA, Bero, LAAssessing faculty financial relationships with industry. JAMA 2000; 284: 2209–2214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bremner, JD, Charney, DSNeural circuits in fear and anxiety.Stein, DJHollander, ERothbaum, BOTextbook of Anxiety Disorders 2nd ed.Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2010.55–71.Google Scholar
Brito, A, Rodriguez, MA, Niaz, MA reconstruction of development of the periodic table based on history and philosophy of science and its implications for general chemistry textbooks. J Res Sci Teach 2004; 42: 84–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, DD, Eidelson, RJWhy are depression and anxiety correlated? A test of the tripartite model. J Consult Psychiatry 1998; 66: 461–473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cosgrove, L, Krimsky, S, Vijayaraghavan, M, Schneider, LFinancial ties between DSM-IV panel Members and the pharmaceutical industry. Psychother Psychosom 2006; 75: 154–160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deacon, BJ, Lickel, JJOn the brain disease model of mental disorders. Behav Ther 2009; 32: 113–116.Google Scholar
Follette, WC, Houts, ACModels of scientific progress and the role of theory in taxonomy development: a case study of the DSM. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996; 64: 1120–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
France, CM, Lysaker, PH, Robinson, RPThe “chemical imbalance” explanation for depression: origins, lay endorsement, and clinical implications. Prof Psychol Res Pract 2007; 38: 411–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galatzer-Levy, IR, Galatzer-Levy, RMThe revolution in psychiatric diagnosis: problems at the foundations. Perspect Biol Med 2007; 50: 161–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grob, GNOrigins of DSM-I: a study in appearance and reality. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148: 421–431.Google Scholar
Hayward, C, Wilson, KAAnxiety sensitivity: the missing piece to the agoraphobia – without – panic puzzle. Behav Modif 2007; 31: 162–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horwitz, ACreating mental illness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 2002Google Scholar
Jones, K, Chen, HJ, Jordan, N, Boothroyd, RA, Ramoni-Perazzi, J, Shern, DLExamination of the effects of financial risk on the formal treatment costs for a medicaid population with psychiatric disorders. Med Care 2006; 44: 320–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitcher, PThe advancement of science: science without legend, objectivity without illusions. New York: Oxford University Press: 1993Google Scholar
Kupfer, DJ, First, MB, Regier, DAA research agenda for DSM-V. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association: 2002Google Scholar
Mayes, R, Horwitz, AVDSM-III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness. J Hist Behav Sci 2005; 41: 249–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayes, R, Horwitz, AVCorrection to ‘DSM-III and the revolution in the classification of mental illness’. J Hist Behav Sci 43 2007 419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNally, RJPanic disorder: a critical analysis. New York: Guilford: 1994Google Scholar
Mechanic, DMental health and mental illness: definitions and perspectives. In: Social contexts, theories, and systems ed. A handbook for the study of mental health New York, NY:Cambridge University Press:1999.Google Scholar
Moynihan, R, Cassels, ASelling sickness: how the world's biggest pharmaceutical companies are turning us all into patients. New York: Nation Books; 2005.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health Clinical Excellence Obsessive-compulsive disorder. London: British Psychological Society and the Royal College of Psychiatrists: 2006Google Scholar
Nevels, RM, Dehon, EE, Alexander, K, Gontkovsky, STPsychopharmacology of aggression in children and adolescents with primary neuropsychiatric disorders: a review of current and potentially promising treatment options. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 18: 184–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nosen, E, Woody, SRDiagnostic assessment in research.McKay, DHandbook of Research Methods in Abnormal and Clinical Psychology Newbury Park, CA:Sage;2007.109–124.Google Scholar
Olatunji, BO, Wolitzky-Taylor, KAnxiety sensitivity and the anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic synthesis. Psychol Bull 2009; 135: 974–999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olden, KWThe use of antidepressants in functional gastrointestinal disorders: new uses for old drugs. CNS Spectr 2005; 11: 891–896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olfson, M, Gorman, J, Pardes, HInvesting in mental health research. J Nerv Ment Dis 1996; 183: 421–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharfstein, SBig pharma and American psychiatry: the good, the bad and the ugly. Psychiatr News 2005; 40: 3–4.Google Scholar
Simpson, HB, Foa, EB, Liebowitz, MR, Ledley, DR, Huppert, JD, Cahill, S, et al.A randomized-controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for augmenting pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 621–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, RL, Endicott, J, Robins, EResearch diagnostic criteria: rationale and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978; 35: 773–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Starcevic, VOpportunistic ‘rediscovery’ of mental disorders by the pharmaceutical industry. Psychother Psychosom 2002; 71: 305–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sylke, A, Thiesen, P, Mestel, R, Koch, U, Schulz, HValidity of routine clinical DSM-IV diagnoses (Axis I/II) in inpatients with mental disorders. Psychiatry Res 2009; 170: 252–255.Google Scholar
Wittchen, H, Nocon, A, Beesdo, K, Pine, DS, Hofler, M, Lieb, R, et al.Agoraphobia and panic: prospective-longitudinal relations suggest a rethinking of diagnostic concepts. Psychother Psychosom 2008; 77: 147–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
York University (2008). Big Pharma Spends More On Advertising Than Research And Development, Study Finds. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 14, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080105140107.htm.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.