Impact of nonideaton states on youth suicide attempts

Abstract

Background

Youth nonideation suicidality (NIS), distinct from impulsive deliberate-self harm (DSH), is a potential consequence of adjustment disorder (AD) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) adverse reaction. It is characterized by the absence of transient or enduring ideation. A new measure was constructed to evaluate the impact of NIS on attempt rates.

Methods

Youth 8 to 24-years-old were recruited in this case control study. Entry criteria included DSH (n = 50), AD (n = 91), and SSRI (n = 29) emergent events with overt or suspected NIS, worsening of existing or new onset suicidality, or abrupt mental status or behavioral change. Exclusion criteria included sensorimotor deficit or primary depressive disorder. Ratings from the new measure utilized dichotomous as well as outcome scores, and compared to ratings from other validated scales, after controlling for depression and other matched factors.

Results

High risk AD and SSRI groups presented with abrupt onset, high lethality attempt, intense motor restlessness, great intra-psychic distress, and irresistable suicidality. AD symptoms overlapped with SSRI presentations. Eighty-one percent of the AD sample reported no ideation; however, 96% made an attempt. For the SSRI group, 52% reported no ideation; however, 95% made an attempt. Sensitivity 80.3%, specificity 98.1%. Internal consistency 0.75 to 0.92. Test-retest scores 0.78 to 0.98, and neurodiagnostic correlations 0.70 to 0.98. Some scores correlated significantly with the “gold standard” Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale.

Conclusion

NIS is associated with alarmingly high rates of youth suicide attempt. The new neuropsychological measure demonstrates practical screening value in unobvious NIS proposed to represent a heretofore unrecognized neural mechanism.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.