Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T10:17:47.158Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Higher severity of cocaine addiction is associated with tactile and somatic hallucinations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

C. Roncero ,
L. Grau-López ,
R.F. Palma-Álvarez ,
L. Rodriguez-Cintas ,
E. Ros-Cucurull ,
A. Esojo  and
C. Daigre
C. Roncero*
Affiliation:
Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035BarcelonaSpain Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
L. Grau-López
Affiliation:
Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035BarcelonaSpain Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
R.F. Palma-Álvarez
Affiliation:
Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035BarcelonaSpain
L. Rodriguez-Cintas
Affiliation:
Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035BarcelonaSpain Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
E. Ros-Cucurull
Affiliation:
Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035BarcelonaSpain Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autónoma Barcelona, 08193Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
A. Esojo
Affiliation:
Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035BarcelonaSpain
C. Daigre
Affiliation:
Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035BarcelonaSpain
*
*Corresponding author. Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Vall Hebron – ASPB, CIBERSAM, Passieg Vall d?Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain. Tel.: +34 934 893 880. E-mail address:[email protected] (C. Roncero).
Get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study is to describe the features of cocaine-dependent patients who have had cocaine-induced tactile/somatic hallucinations (CITSH), and to analyze the association with addiction-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity, comparing patients with CITSH, patients with cocaine psychotic symptoms (CIP) and no CITSH, and patients without any psychotic symptom.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 767 cocaine-dependent patients in an outpatient treatment center for addictions. The following data were obtained: sociodemographic characteristics, CIP information, addiction-related variables and psychiatric comorbidity. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results

Of the whole sample, 6.6% reported CITSH at some point of their lives, 48.4% had suffered some CIP other than CITSH, and 45% had not experienced any psychotic symptom. According to multivariate analysis, risk of overdose increases by 12.1 (OR) times the probability of having had CITSH compared patients with CIP-no-CITSH. Other variables associated to patients with CITSH were: age of drug use onset, presence of episodes of overdose, prevalence of psychotic disorder induced by cocaine. In general, in all variables studied, patients with CITSH presented worse clinical features (addiction variables and psychiatric comorbidity) than patients with CIP without CITSH and non-CIP group.

Conclusion

CITSH are usually associated with other psychotic symptoms induced by cocaine. The patients who experienced CITSH are more severe cases compared both with patients with CIP without CITSH and patients without CIP. Increased risk of overdose is an important issue in this type of patients.

Keywords

Cocaine-induced psychosisCocainePsychosisHallucinationsTactile/somatic hallucinationsAddiction
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 42 , May 2017 , pp. 63 - 69
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

OEDT. European Drug Report 2016: trends and developments. 2016 [Available in http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/edr/trends-developments/2016].Google Scholar
Satel, S.L., Southwick, S.M., Gawin, F.H.Clinical features of cocaine-induced paranoia. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:495–498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.148.4.495.Google ScholarPubMed
Cubells, J.F., Feinn, R., Pearson, D., Burda, J., Tang, Y., Farrer, L.A.et al.Rating the severity and character of transient cocaine-induced delusions and hallucinations with a new instrument, the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms for Cocaine-Induced Psychosis (SAPS-CIP). Drug Alcohol Depend 2005;80:23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, Y., Kranzler, H.R., Gelernter, J., Farrer, L.A., Pearson, D., Cubells, J.F.Transient cocaine-associated behavioral symptoms rated with a new instrument, the scale for assessment of positive symptoms for cocaine-induced psychosis (SAPS-CIP). Am J Addict 2009;18:339–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10550490903077937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahoney, J.J., Kalechstein, A.D., De La Garza, R., Newton, T.F.Presence and persistence of psychotic symptoms in cocaine- versus methamphetamine-dependent participants. Am J Addict 2008;17:83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490701861201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Daigre, C., Gonzalvo, B., Valero, S., Castells, X., Grau-López, L.et al.Risk factors for cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent patients. Eur Psychiatry 2013;28:141–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.06.012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Ros-Cucurull, E., Daigre, C., Casas, M.Prevalence and risk factors of psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2012;40:187–197.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, M.J., Thirthalli, J., Abdallah, A.B., Murray, R.M., Cottler, L.B.Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in substance users: a comparison across substances. Compr Psychiatry 2009;50:245–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.07.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalayasiri, R., Gelernter, J., Farrer, L., Weiss, R., Brady, K., Gueorguieva, R.et al.Adolescent cannabis use increases risk for cocaine-induced paranoia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010;107:196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.10.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R.C., Chiu, W.T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K.R., Walters, E.E.Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:617–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vorspan, F., Brousse, G., Bloch, V., Bellais, L., Romo, L., Guillem, E.et al.Cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms in French cocaine addicts. Psychiatry Res 2012;200:1074–1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.04.008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Comín, M., Daigre, C., Grau-López, L., Martínez-Luna, N., Eiroa-Orosa, F.J.et al.Clinical differences between cocaine-induced psychotic disorder and psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients. Psychiatry Res 2014;216:398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Daigre, C., Barral, C., Ros-Cucurull, E., Grau-López, L., Rodríguez-Cintas, L.et al.Neuroticism associated with cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent patients: a cross-sectional observational study. PloS One 2014;9:e106111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, A.G., Boutros, N.N., Struve, F.A., Wolf, E., Oliwa, G.M.Risk factors for experiencing psychosis during cocaine use: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 2006;40:178–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.05.001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mooney, M., Sofuoglu, M., Dudish-Poulsen, S., Hatsukami, D.K.Preliminary observations of paranoia in a human laboratory study of cocaine. Addict Behav 2006;31:1245–1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.08.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalayasiri, R., Kranzler, H.R., Weiss, R., Brady, K., Gueorguieva, R., Panhuysen, C.et al.Risk factors for cocaine-induced paranoia in cocaine-dependent sibling pairs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006;84:77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.12.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Daigre, C., Grau-López, L., Barral, C., Pérez-Pazos, J., Martínez-Luna, N.et al.An international perspective and review of cocaine-induced psychosis: a call to action. Subst Abuse 2014;35:321–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2014.933726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corominas-Roso, M., Roncero, C., Eiroa-Orosa, F.J., Gonzalvo, B., Grau-Lopez, L., Ribases, M.et al.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels in cocaine-dependent patients during early abstinence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013;23:1078–1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.08.016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Palma-Álvarez, R.F., Ros-Cucurull, E., Barral, C., Gonzalvo, B., Corominas-Roso, M.et al.Cocaine-induced psychosis and brain-derived neurothrophic factor in patients with cocaine dependence: report of two cases. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2016;14:109–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grau-López, L., Roncero, C., Daigre, C., Miquel, L., Barral, C., Gonzalvo, B.et al.Observational study on medications prescribed to dual diagnosis outpatients. J Addict Med 2014;8(2):84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Abad, A.C., Padilla-Mata, A., Ros-Cucurull, E., Barral, C., Casas, M.et al.Psychotic symptoms associated with the use of dopaminergic drugs, in patients with cocaine dependence or abuse. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666160324144912.Google ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Daigre, C., Grau-López, L., Rodríguez-Cintas, L., Barral, C., Pérez-Pazos, J.et al.Cocaine-induced psychosis and impulsivity in cocaine-dependent patients. J Addict Dis 2013;32:263–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2013.824330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karsinti, E., Jarroir, M., Zerdazi, E.-H., Bloch, V., Dupuy, G., Belforte, B.et al.Childhood trauma are not associated with the intensity of transient cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2015;228:941–944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J.D., Meves, A., Bostwick, J.M., Hamacher, K.L., Pittelkow, M.R.Cocaine abuse: dermatologic manifestations and therapeutic approaches. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:483–487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.03.040.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, R.K.Cocaine smoking. J Psychoactive Drugs 1982;14:271–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1982.10524303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berrios, G.E.Tactile hallucinations: conceptual and historical aspects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982;45:285–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, R.K.Cocaine hallucinations. Am J Psychiatry 1978;135:309–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.135.3.309.Google ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, J., Vierkant, A.D.Delusions and hallucinations of cocaine abusers and paranoid schizophrenics: a comparative study. J Psychol 1991;125:301–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1991.10543294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manschreck, T.C., Laughery, J.A., Weisstein, C.C., Allen, D., Humblestone, B., Neville, M.et al.Characteristics of freebase cocaine psychosis. Yale J Biol Med 1988;61:115–122.Google ScholarPubMed
Jeri, F.R., Sanchez, C.C., del Pozo, T., Fernandez, M., Carbajal, C.Further experience with the syndromes produced by coca paste smoking. Bull Narc 1978;30:1–11.Google ScholarPubMed
Vergara-Moragues, E., Mestre-Pintó, J.I., Gómez, P.A., Rodríguez-Fonseca, F., Torrens, M., González-Saiz, F.Can symptoms help in differential diagnosis between substance-induced vs. independent psychosis in adults with a lifetime diagnosis of cocaine use disorder?. Psychiatry Res 2016;242:94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vergara-Moragues, E., Araos Gómez, P., González-Saiz, F., Rodríguez-Fonseca, F.Cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms in clinical setting. Psychiatry Res 2014;217:115–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.02.024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vorspan, F., Bloch, V., Brousse, G., Bellais, L., Gascon, J., Lépine, J.-P.Prospective assessment of transient cocaine-induced psychotic symptoms in a clinical setting. Am J Addict 2011;20:535–537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00181.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roncero, C., Martínez-Luna, N., Daigre, C., Grau-López, L., Gonzalvo, B., Pérez-Pazos, J.et al.Psychotic symptoms of cocaine self-injectors in a harm reduction program. Subst Abuse 2013;34:118–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2012.691446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
First, M.B., Spitzer, R.L., Gibbon, M., Williams, J.B.W.Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV® Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), clinician version, administration booklet. New York: American Psychiatric Pub; 2012.Google Scholar
First, M.B.User's guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders: SCID-II. New York: American Psychiatric Pub; 1997.Google Scholar
Epstien, J., Johonson, D., Conners, C.K.Conners’ Adult ADHS Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV. Multi-Health. NY: North Tonawanda; 1999.Google Scholar
Mueser, K.T., Bellack, A.S., Brady, E.U.Hallucinations in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990;82:26–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocca, P., Castagna, F., Marchiaro, L., Rasetti, R., Rivoira, E., Bogetto, F.Neuropsychological correlates of reality distortion in schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res 2006;145:49–6010.1016/j.psychres.2005.10.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tang, Y.L., Kranzler, H.R., Gelernter, J., Farrer, L.A., Cubells, J.F.Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and their association with cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent subjects. Am J Addict 2007;16:343–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490701525723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daigre, C., Roncero, C., Grau-López, L., Martínez-Luna, N., Prat, G., Valero, S.et al.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in cocaine-dependent adults: a psychiatric comorbidity analysis. Am J Addict 2013;22:466–473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12047.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahoney, J.J., Hawkins, R.Y., De La Garza, R., Kalechstein, A.D., Newton, T.F.Relationship between gender and psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent and methamphetamine-dependent participants. Gend Med 2010;7:414–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2010.09.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brady, K.T., Lydiard, R.B., Malcolm, R., Ballenger, J.C.Cocaine-induced psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 1991;52:509–512.Google ScholarPubMed
Tarikci, N., Kocatürk, E., Güngör, Ş., Topal, I.O., Can, P.Ü., Singer, R.Pruritus in systemic diseases: a review of etiological factors and new treatment modalities. Sci World J 2015;2015:803752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/803752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Payancé, A., Scotto, B., Perarnau, J.-M., de Muret, A., Bacq, Y.Severe chronic hepatitis secondary to prolonged use of ecstasy and cocaine. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2013;37:e109–e113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2013.06.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comín, M., Redondo, S., Daigre, C., Grau-López, L., Casas, M., Roncero, C.Clinical differences between cocaine-dependent patients with and without antisocial personality disorder. Psychiatry Res 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.083 [Epub ahead of print. PMID: 27839828 (pii: S0165-1781(16)30820-4)]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lapworth, K., Dawe, S., Davis, P., Kavanagh, D., Young, R., Saunders, J.Impulsivity and positive psychotic symptoms influence hostility in methamphetamine users. Addict Behav 2009;34:380–385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.11.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.