Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:40:19.034Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetics of alcohol withdrawal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

L.G. Schmidt  and
T. Sander
L.G. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Free University of Berlin, Eschenallee 3, 14050Berlin, Germany
T. Sander
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Free University of Berlin, Eschenallee 3, 14050Berlin, Germany
Get access

Summary

Alcohol withdrawal is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous syndrome caused by a complex interaction of environmental (e.g., amount of ethanol) and genetic factors. Multiple genes are considered to be involved in various components of the syndrome, each of them contributing only modestly to withdrawal vulnerability. Association studies using candidate genes of the dopamine, serotonin, gabaergic and opioidergic systems are reviewed and methodological limitations are discussed.

Keywords

alcoholismdopamineGABAgenesgeneticsopioidsserotoninwithdrawal
Type
Original Article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , March 2000 , pp. 135 - 139
Copyright
Copyright © Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blum, KNoble, E.PSheridan, P.JFinley, OMontgomery, ARitchie, T et al. Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA 263 1990 2055–2060CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bond, CLaforge, K.STian, MMelia, MZhang, SBorg, L et al. Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human (opioid receptor gene alters (-endorphin binding and activity: Possible implications for opiate addiction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 1998 9608–9613CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonhoeffer, KDie akuten Geisteskrankheiten der Gewohnheitstrinker. 1901 Jena: FischerGoogle Scholar
Brennan, T.JSeeley, W.WKilgard, MSchreiner, C.ETecott, L.HSound-induced seizures in serotonin 5HT2c receptor mutant mice. Nat Genet 16 1997 387–390CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucholz, K.KHeath, A.CReich, THesselbrock, V.MKramer, J.RNurnberger, J.R et al. Can we subtype alcoholism? A latent class analysis of data from relatives of alcoholics in a multicenter family study of alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20 1996 1462–1471CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buck, K.JMetten, PBelknap, J.KCrabbe, J.CQuantitative trait loci involved in genetic predisposition to acute alcohol withdrawal in mice. J Neurosci 17 1997 3946–3955CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chester, J.ARisniger, F.OCunningham, C.LEthanol reward and aversion in mice bred for sensitivity to ethanol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22 1998 468–473CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crabbe, J.CBelknap, J.KBuck, K.JGenetic animal models of alcohol and drug abuse. Science 264 1994 1715–1723CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebstein, R.PBelmaker, R.HSaga of an adventure gene: novelty seeking, substance abuse and the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III repeat polymorphism. Mol Psychiatry 2 1997 382–384Google ScholarPubMed
Edenberg, H.JReynolds, JKoller, D.LBegleiter, HBucholz, K.KConneally, P.M et al. A family-based analysis of whether the functional promoter alleles of the serotonin transporter gene HTT affect the risk for alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22 1998 1080–1085CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, GWithdrawal symptoms and alcohol dependence: fruitful mysteries? Br J Addict 85 1990 447–461CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finckh, UVon Widdern, OGiraldo-Velasquez, MPodschus, JDufeu, PSander, T et al. No association of the structural dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) variant 311Cys with alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20 1996 528–532CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finckh, URommelspacher, HKuhn, SDufeu, POtto, GHeinz, A et al. Influence of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) genotype on neuroadaptive effects of alcohol and the clinical outcome of alcoholism. Pharmacogenetics 7 1997 271–281CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glue, PNutt, DOverexcitement and disinhibition. Dynamic neurotransmitter interaction in alcohol withdrawal. Br J Psychiatry 157 1990 491–499CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, G.CAston-Jones, GInvolvement of D2 dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Nature 371 1994 155–157CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinz, ASander, THarms, HFinckh, UKuhn, SDufeu, P et al. Lack of allelic association of dopamine D1 and D2 (TaqIA) receptor gene polymorphisms with reduced dopaminergic sensitivity in alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20 1996 1109–1113CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinz, ASchmidt, KSällström-Baum, SKuhn, SDufeu, PSchmidt, L.G et al. Influence of dopaminergic transmission on severity of withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism. J Stud Alcohol 57 1996 471–474CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lappalainen, JZhang, LDean, MOz, MOzaki, NYu, D.H et al. Identification, expression and pharmacology of a Cys23-Ser23 substitution in the human 5-HT2C receptor gene. Genomics 27 1995 274–279CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lander, E.SSchork, N.JGenetic dissection of complex traits. Science 265 1994 2037–2048CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lesch, K.PBengel, DHeils, ASabol, S.ZGrennberg, B.DPetri, S et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 274 1996 1527–1531CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melo, J.AShendure, JPociask, KSilver, L.MIdentification of sex-specific quantitative trait loci controlling alcohol preference in C57BL/6 mice. Nat Genet 13 1996 147–152CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meloni, RAlbanese, VRavassard, PTreilhou, FMallet, JA tetranucleotide polymorphic microsatellite, located in the first intron of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene, acts as a transcription regulatory element in vitro. Hum Mol Genet 7 1998 423–428CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merikangas, K.RThe genetic epidemiology of alcoholism. Psychol M 20 1990 11–22CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble, E.PThe D2 dopamine receptor gene: a review of association studies in alcoholism and phenotypes. Alcohol 16 1998 33–45CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, M.JHolmans, PMcGuffin, PAssociation studies in psychiatric genetics. Mol Psychiatry 2 1997 270–273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, L.NWing, JWittchen, H.UHelzer, J.EBabor, T.FBurke, J et al. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview: an epidemiological instrument suitable for use in conjunction with different diagnostic systems and in different cultures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45 1988 1069–1077CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samochowiec, JSmolka, MWinterer, GRommelspacher, HSchmidt, L.GSander, TAssociation analysis between a Cys23Ser substitution polymorphism of the human 5-HT2c receptor gene and neuronal hyperexcitability. Am J Med Genet (Neuropsychiat Genet) 88 1999 126–1303.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, THarms, HDufeu, PPodschus, JKuhn, SFinckh, U et al. Dopamine D1-, D2- and D3- receptor genes in alcohol dependence. Psychiatr Genet 5 1995 171–176CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, THarms, HPodschus, JFinckh, UNickel, BRolfs, A et al. Allelic association of a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism in alcohol dependence with withdrawal seizures or delirium. Biol Psychiatry 41 1997 229–304CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, THarms, HDufeu, PKuhn, SRommelspacher, HSchmidt, L.GDopamine D4 receptor exon III alleles and variation of novelty seeking in alcoholics. Am J Med Genet 74 1997 483–4873.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, THarms, HLesch, K.PDufeu, PKuhn, SHoehe, M et al. Association analysis of a regulatory variation of the serotonin transporter gene with severe alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21 1997 1356–1359CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, THarms, HRommelspacher, HHoehe, MSchmidt, L.GPossible allelic association of a tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism with vulnerability to alcohol-withdrawal delirium. Psychiatr Genet 8 1998 13–17CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, TBall, DMurray, RPatel, JSamochowiec, JWinterer, G et al. Association analysis of sequence variants of the GABAA α6, β2, and γ2 gene cluster and alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23 1999 427–431CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, TLadehoff, MSamochowiec, JFinckh, URommelspacher, HSchmidt, L.GLack of an allelic association between polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcohol dependence in the German population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23 1999 578–581CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, L.GHarms, HKuhn, SRommelspacher, HSander, TModification of alcohol withdrawal by the A9 allele of the dopamine transporter gene. Am J Psychiatry 155 1998 474–478CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smolka, MSander, TSchmidt, L.GSamochowiec, JRommelspacher, HGscheidel, N et al. μ-opioid receptor variants and dopaminergic sensitivity in alcohol withdrawal. Psychoneuroendocrinology 24 1999 629–638CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sullivan, J.TSykora, KSchneiderman, JNaranjo, C.ASellers, E.MAssessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict 84 1989 1353–1357CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tecott, H.LSun, L.MAkana, S.FStrack, A.MLowenstein, D.HDallamn, M.F et al. Eating disorder and epilepsy in mice lacking 5-HT2c serotonin receptors. Nature 374 1995 542–546CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VonBardeleben, UHeuser, IHolsboer, FHuman CRH stimulation response during acute and after medium-term abstention from alcohol abuse. Psychoneuroendocrinology 14 1989 441–449CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHO Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen ICD-10 Kapitel V (F) Klinisch-diagnostische Leitlinien. Herausgegeben von, H, Dilling, W, Mombour, MH, Schmidt. Huber Bern: Huber; 1993.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.