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Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder comorbidity: an example of genetic pleiotropy?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

P. Gorwood
P. Gorwood*
Affiliation:
Hôpital Louis Mourier (AP-HP), Service de Psychiatrie, CNRS UMR 7593, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700Colombes cedex, France CNRS UMR 7593-Paris VII, Vulnérabilité, adaptation et psychopathologie, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013Paris, France
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Abstract

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the most common type of anxiety-mood comorbidity. Up to 80% of subjects with lifetime GAD also have a comorbid mood disorder during their lifetime. Many hypotheses have been raised to explain such high comorbidity. Pleiotropy, i.e. a single genetic mutation explains (apparently) different disorders, is one of them and is hereby reviewed. Importance and reliability of GAD and MDD comorbidity (1); Evidence in favour of co-aggregation of GAD and MDD within families (the risk of one disorder in a proband increasing the risk for the other in relatives) (2); substantial heredity for both disorders according to twin studies with evidence for genetic correlation of unity between the two disorders (3); existence of numerous mechanisms (4) potentially linking the two disorders to common vulnerability genes, are all in accordance with such a hypothesis. Some examples of potentially shared mechanisms (such as CRF dysregulation or abnormal transcription factors) and possible common vulnerability genes (for example, the serotonin transporter gene) are given to highlight the pleiotropy hypothesis.

Keywords

HeritabilityAggregationVulnerabilityMood
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , January 2004 , pp. 27 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 European Psychiatric Association

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