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Food addiction in a large non-clinical sample of Canadians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

A. Samokhvalov ,
C. Murphy ,
I. Balodis  and
J. Mackillop
A. Samokhvalov*
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry And Behavioral Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
C. Murphy
Affiliation:
Centre For Alcohol And Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, United States of America
I. Balodis
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry And Behavioral Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
J. Mackillop
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry And Behavioral Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

The concept of food addiction emerged recently due to the similarities between food overconsumption patterns and addictive drugs. This concept is not yet included into ICD or DSM as it still needs to be further investigated. Relationship between obesity and food consumption as well as the psychological indicators of food addiction are of particular interest.

Objectives

To examine the prevalence of food addiction and its relationship to obesity, quality of life and multiple indicators of impulsivity.

Methods

Cross-sectional in-person assessment of 1432 community adults (age 38.93+/-13.7; 58% female). Measurements: Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, anthropometrics, body composition, World Health Organization Quality of Life scale, and impulsivity measures including impulsive personality traits, delay discounting, and behavioral inhibition.

Results

The prevalence of food addiction was 9.3% and substantially below that of obesity (32.7%). Food addiction was more prevalent among obese individuals and also was associated with higher BMI among non-obese participants. It was associated with significantly lower quality of life in all domains, and significantly higher impulsive personality traits, particularly negative and positive urgency.

Conclusions

In this general community sample, food addiction was present in slightly fewer than 1 in 10 individuals, approximately one-third the prevalence of obesity, but notably the food addiction has been mostly represented within the subsample of obese individuals. Food addiction was robustly associated with substantively lower quality of life and elevations in impulsivity, particularly in deficits in emotional regulation. These data suggest food addiction may be thought of as a subtype of obesity and, in non-obese individuals, possibly a prodrome.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Keywords

quality of lifeImpulsivityfood addictionobesity
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 64 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 29th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2021 , pp. S826
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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