Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T21:24:22.092Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ): a scaled version for general practice in Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

J.D. Molina ,
C. Andrade-Rosa ,
S. González-Parra ,
H. Blasco-Fontecilla ,
M.A. Real  and
C. Pintor
J.D. Molina*
Affiliation:
Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Hospital R. Lafora, Madrid, Spain
C. Andrade-Rosa
Affiliation:
Primary Care Madrid Health Services, Madrid, Spain
S. González-Parra
Affiliation:
Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Hospital R. Lafora, Madrid, Spain
H. Blasco-Fontecilla
Affiliation:
Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Hospital R. Lafora, Madrid, Spain
M.A. Real
Affiliation:
Primary Care Madrid Health Services, Madrid, Spain
C. Pintor
Affiliation:
Statistical advice, Psychometric department, Actual Knowledge Instruments, Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding author. Acute Impatient Psychiatric Unit Coordinator, Hospital Dr. R. Lafora, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo Km 13.900, 28049 Madrid, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.D. Molina).
Get access

Abstract

Background

The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg and Hillier in 1979 is constructed on the basis of a principal components analysis of the GHQ-60. When used on a Spanish population, a translation of the GHQ-28 developed for an English population may lead to worse predictive values.

Methods

We used our Spanish sample to replicate the entire process of construction of the GHQ-28 administered in a primary-care setting.

Results

Two shorter versions were proposed: one with six scales and 30 items, and the other with four scales and 28 items.

Conclusions

The resulting GHQ-28 was a successful adaptation for use on the Spanish sample. When compared with the original version, only 21 items were the same. Moreover, contrary to the English version, which groups sleep problems and anxiety in the same scale, a scale with items related exclusively to ‘Sleep disturbances’ was found.

Keywords

General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28)Primary careFactor analysis
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 21 , Issue 7 , October 2006 , pp. 478 - 486
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier SAS 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bentler, P.M., Bonnet, D.G.Significance test and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures Psychol. Bull. 1980; 88:588–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldt, L.S.A test of the hipothesis that Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient is the same for two tests administered to the same sample Psychometrika 1980; 45:99–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, D.P., Williams, P.The user’s guide to the General Health Questionnaire Slough: N.F.E.R./Nelson; 1988.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D.P., Cooper, B., Eastwood, M., Kedward, H.B., Shepherd, M.A standardized psychiatric interview for use in community surveys Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med. 1970; 24:18–23.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, D.The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire. Maudsley Monograph No 21 Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1972.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D.P., Hillier, V.F.A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire Psychol. Med. 1979; 9:139–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jöreskog, K.G., Söborn, D.Lisrel 7 user’s reference guide Mooresville, Indiana: Scientific Software; 1989.Google Scholar
Lobo, A., Pérez-Echevarria, M.J., Artal, J.Validity of the scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in a Spanish population Psychol. Med. 1986; 16:135–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medina-Mora, M.E., Padilla, G.P., Campillo Serrano, C., Mas, C.C., Ezban, M., Caraveo, J.et al.The factor structure of the GHQ: a scaled version for a hospital’s general practice service in Mexico Psychol. Med. 1983; 13:355–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molina, JD. Aportaciones al desarrollo de la versión española del General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) de Goldberg de 28 ítems. [Doctoral Thesis]. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma, 1998.Google Scholar
Molina, J.D., Andrade, C.The factor structure of the GHQ-60 in a community sample:a scaled versión for the spanish population Adv. Rel. Ment. Health 1(2)2002Google Scholar
Muñoz, P.E., Vázquez-Barquero, J.L., Rodríguez, F., Pastrana, E., Varo, J.Adaptación española del General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) de D.P. Goldberg Arch. Neurobiol. 1979; 42:139–158.Google Scholar
Muñoz, P.E., Vázquez-Barquero, J.L., Pastrana, E., Rodríguez, F., Oneca, C.Study of the validity of Goldberg’s 60 item GHQ in its Spanish version Soc. Psychiatry 1978; 13:99–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seva, A., Magallón, R., Sarasola, A., Merino, J.A.GHQ-28 validation in a Spanish general urban population Eur. J. Psychiat. 1992; 6:147–153.Google Scholar
Vázquez-Barquero, J.L., Williams, P., Diez-Manrique, J.F., Lequerica, J., Arenal, A.The factor structure of the GHQ in a community sample Psychol. Med. 1988; 15:597–608.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.