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The Different Effect of Childhood Trauma on Amygdala and Hippocampus in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

D. Janiri ,
P. De Rossi ,
A. Simonetti ,
G. Spalletta  and
G. Sani
D. Janiri
Affiliation:
Sapienza University of Rome, NeSMOS, Rome, Italy
P. De Rossi
Affiliation:
Sapienza University of Rome, NeSMOS, Rome, Italy
A. Simonetti
Affiliation:
Sapienza University of Rome, NeSMOS, Rome, Italy
G. Spalletta
Affiliation:
IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
G. Sani
Affiliation:
Sapienza University of Rome, NeSMOS, Rome, Italy

Abstract

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Introduction

Childhood trauma (CT) is a relevant environmental stressor for bipolar disorder (BP). Amygdala and hippocampus are key areas involved both in the pathophysiology of BP and in mediating the biological response to stress.

Objectives

Structural neuroimaging studies help clarifying neural correlates of the relationship between BP diagnosis and CT.

Aims

To verify the impact of CT on amygdala and hippocampus and hippocampal subfields volumes in BP patients and healthy control (HC).

Methods

We assessed 105 outpatients, diagnosed with BPI or BPII according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, and 113 HC subjects. History of CT was obtained using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects and volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus and hippocampal subfields were measured through FreeSurfer.

Results

All deep gray matter structures were smaller in BP than HC. CT modulated the impact of the diagnosis on bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, in particular on subiculum, presubiculum and cornu ammonis CA1. It was associated with bilateral decreased volumes in HC and increased volumes in patients with BP.

Conclusions

Childhood trauma impacts on the amygdala and hippocampus, brain areas involved in response to stress and emotion processing, and specifically on the hippocampal subfields most implicated in learning trough positive/negative reinforcement.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Type
Oral communications: Epidemiology and social psychiatry; migration and mental health of immigrants; forensic psychiatry; suicidology and suicide prevention; prevention of mental disorders and promotion of mental health
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 41 , Issue S1: Abstract of the 25th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2017 , pp. S92
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2017
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