Dhat syndrome: A case report on a culture-bound challenge

Abstract

Introduction

Dhat Syndrome is a culture-bound entity frequent in the Indian subcontinent. It is characterized by somatic symptoms, together with depressive and anxiety features, specifically focused on the belief of losing semen through urine¹.

Objectives

To describe an atypical Dhat Syndrome case in European cultural context,and to determine the appropriate diagnostic frame and subsequent therapeutic approach.

Methods

We present the case of a 37-year-old Indian man attended in our psychiatric outpatient unit mainly due to somatic complaints (gastrointestinal, sexual dysfunction, weakness, and dizziness). He interpreted his problem as possibly due to diabetes and hypothyroidism, and specifically from sugar loss in urine. Organic diseases were excluded.

Results

Although considered as culture-bound, Dhat syndrome has been classified as a subtype of depression, anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder^2,3,4, and even a prodromal phase of schizophrenia⁵. Antidepressants and benzodiazepines are the most recommended pharmacological treatments¹. Antipsychotic agents have been used when clear psychotic symptoms were present (auditory hallucinations,delusions)⁵. Nonetheless, paliperidone 6mg/d was initiated at baseline, with good response and partial remission of the symptoms at two weeks, despite the absence of clear psychotic features. Culturally-informed cognitive-behavioural therapy, as well as sexual education could be beneficial were planned and initiated¹.

Conclusions

Data on Dhat Syndrome is scarce, yet agreement exist in considering the cultural context of the patient to avoid diagnostic delays. The adequate treatment remains uncertain. Antipsychotics may be a potential treatment. Further research is necessary to clarify the nature of this syndrome but European clinicians must be aware of culturally-mediated psychiatric manifestations which are increasingly prevalent due to globalization.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.