Detection and management of agitation in psychiatry: A Delphi expert consensus study

Abstract

Introduction

The assessment and management of psychomotor agitation may result in the use of coercive or sedative treatments. In the absence of conclusive evidence, the consensus of experts can guide clinical decisions.

Objectives

To seek consensus recommendations on the assessment and management of psychomotor agitation.

Methods

An international expert task force in this field developed consensus using the Delphi method. Twenty-seven experts were invited to participate and 91% of them agreed. Initial survey items were gathered from the content of literature search (systematic review). This included open-ended questions inviting participants to add suggestions by e-mail correspondence. After this initial first round, the Delphi study was conducted online using Google Forms. Survey items were rated on a 5-point scale. Items rated by at least 80% of experts as essential or important were included. Items rated as essential or important by 65–79% of experts were included in the next survey for re-rating. Items with consensus below to 65% were rejected and excluded.

Results

The initial survey included 52 items. The second web-based survey included 33 items. The briefer third survey consisted of 6 items that needed rerating. Twenty-two of the initial 33 items were endorsed and formed the clinical recommendations on the assessment and management of the psychomotor agitation. The endorsed items were categorized into 5 domains forming the clinical recommendations.

Conclusions

The panel expert generated 22 recommendations on the assessment and management of agitation. The Delphi method is a suitable formal iterative process for reaching consensus on relevant and controversial issues.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.