Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T11:15:41.481Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Depression, comorbidities and the TNF-α system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

H. Himmerich ,
S. Fulda ,
J. Linseisen ,
H. Seiler ,
G. Wolfram ,
S. Himmerich ,
K. Gedrich ,
S. Kloiber ,
S. Lucae  and
M. Ising
...Show all authors
H. Himmerich*
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
S. Fulda
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
J. Linseisen
Affiliation:
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
H. Seiler
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 16, 85350Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
G. Wolfram
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 16, 85350Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
S. Himmerich
Affiliation:
Department of Marketing and Consumer Research, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 17, 85350Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
K. Gedrich
Affiliation:
Department of Marketing and Consumer Research, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 17, 85350Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
S. Kloiber
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
S. Lucae
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
M. Ising
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
M. Uhr
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
F. Holsboer
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
T. Pollmächer
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany >Center of Mental Health, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Krumenauerstrasse 25, 85049Ingolstadt, Germany
*
*Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel.: +49 241 800.
Get access

Abstract

Depression has frequently been reported to be associated with other physical diseases and changes in the cytokine system. We aimed to investigate associations between a medical history of depression, its comorbidities and cytokine plasma levels in the Bavarian Nutrition Survey II (BVS II) study sample and in patients suffering from an acute depressive episode.

The BVS II is a representative study of the Bavarian population aged 13–80 years. The disease history of its 1050 participants was assessed through face-to-face interviews. A sub-sample of 568 subjects and 62 additional acutely depressed inpatients of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry participated in anthropometric measurements and blood sampling. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and soluble TNF receptor (sTNF-R) p55 and sTNF-R p75 plasma levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

A history of depression was associated with a higher incidence of high blood pressure, peptic ulcer, dyslipoproteinemia, osteoporosis, allergic skin rash, atopic eczema and thyroid disease.

Within the BVS II sample, participants with a history of depression differed from subjects who had never had depression with regard to sTNF-R p55 and sTNF-R p75 levels even when controlling for age, BMI and smoking status. Acutely depressed inpatients showed even higher levels of sTNF-R p55 and sTNF-R p75 than subjects in the normal population. TNF-α levels were also significantly elevated in acutely depressed patients.

These results confirm earlier studies regarding the comorbidities of depression and support the hypothesis that activation of the TNF-α system may contribute to the development of a depressive disorder.

Keywords

DepressionBMICytokinesTNF-αTNF receptor
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 23 , Issue 6 , September 2008 , pp. 421 - 429
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angeli, A.Minetto, M.Dovio, A.Paccotti, P.The overtraining syndrome in athletes: a stress-related disorder J Endocrinol Invest. 27 2004 603–612CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arzt, E.Kovalovsky, D.Igaz, L.M.Costas, M.Plazas, P.Refojo, D.et al.Functional cross-talk among cytokines, T-cell receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity and action Ann N Y Acad Sci. 917 2000 672–677CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, K.P.Physical symptoms comorbid with depression and the new antidepressant duloxetine J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 41 2003 13–18Google ScholarPubMed
Besedovsky, H.O.del Rey, A.The cytokine-HPA axis feed-back circuit Z Rheumatol. 59 Suppl 2 2000 26–30CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bondy, B.Baghai, T.C.Zill, P.Bottlender, R.Jaeger, M.Minov, C.et al.Combined action of the ACE D- and the G-protein beta3 T-allele in major depression: a possible link to cardiovascular disease? Mol Psychiatry. 7 2002 1120–1126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosworth, H.B.Bartash, R.M.Olsen, M.K.Steffens, D.C.The association of psychosocial factors and depression with hypertension among older adults Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 18 2003 1142–1148CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, E.S.Varghese, F.P.McEwen, B.S.Association of depression with medical illness: does cortisol play a role? Biol Psychiatry. 55 2004 1–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brustolim, D.Ribeiro-dos-Santos, R.Kast, R.E.Altschuler, E.L.Soares, M.B.A new chapter opens in anti-inflammatory treatments: the antidepressant bupropion lowers production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in mice Int Immunopharmacol. 6 2006 903–907CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cizza, G.Ravn, P.Chrousos, G.P.Gold, P.W.Depression: a major, unrecognized risk factor for osteoporosis? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 12 2001 198–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dantzer, R.O'Connor, J.C.Freund, G.G.Johnson, R.W.Kelley, K.W.From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain Nat Rev Neurosci. 9 2008 46–56CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eaton, W.E.Armenian, H.Gallo, J.Pratt, L.Ford, D.E.Depression and risk of onset of type II diabetes: a prospective population-based study Diabetes Care. 20 1996 1097–1102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, S.M.Irwin, M.R.Depression and immunity: inflammation and depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis Neurol Clin. 24 2006 507–519CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, W.A.Hibbard, M.R.Poststroke depression: an examination of the literature Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 78 1997 658–663CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grewen, K.M.Girdler, S.S.Hinderliter, A.Light, K.C.Depressive symptoms are related to higher ambulatory blood pressure in people with a family history of hypertension Psychosom Med. 66 2004 9–16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, M.A.Gupta, A.K.Psychiatric and psychological co-morbidity in patients with dermatologic disorders: epidemiology and management Am J Clin Dermatol. 4 2003 833–842CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haack, M.Hinze-Selch, D.Fenzel, T.Kraus, T.Kühn, M.Schuld, A.et al.Plasma levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors in psychiatric patients upon hospital admission: effects of confounding factors and diagnosis J Psychiatr Res. 33 1999 407–418CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauner, H.Bender, M.Haastert, B.Hube, F.Plasma concentrations of soluble TNF-alpha receptors in obese subjects Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 22 1998 1239–1243CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hickie, I.Bennett, B.Mitchell, P.Wilhelm, K.Orlay, W.Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with chronic and treatment-resistant depression Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 30 1996 246–252CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Himmerich, H.Activity of the TNF-α system in patients with brain disorders and during psychopharmacological treatment Curr Pharm Anal. 3 2007 1–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Himmerich, H.Binder, E.B.Künzel, H.E.Schuld, A.Lucae, S.Uhr, M.et al.Successful antidepressant therapy restores the disturbed interplay between TNF-alpha system and HPA axis Biol Psychiatry. 60 2006 882–888CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Himmerich, H.Fulda, S.Linseisen, J.Wolfram, G.Seiler, H.Himmerich, S.et al.TNF-α, soluble TNF receptor and interleukin-6 plasma levels in the general population Eur Cytokine Netw. 17 2006 196–201Google ScholarPubMed
Himmerich, H.Kaufmann, C.Schuld, A.Pollmächer, T.Elevation of liver enzyme levels during psychopharmacological treatment is associated with weight gain J Psychiatr Res. 39 2005 35–42CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holsboer, F.The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression Neuropsychopharmacology. 23 2000 477–501CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, H.Patel, D.D.Manton, K.G.The immune system in aging: roles of cytokines, T cells and NK cells Front Biosci. 10 2005 192–215CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Irwin, M.Effects of sleep and sleep loss on immunity and cytokines Brain Behav Immun. 16 2002 503–512CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jess, P.Eldrup, J.The personality patterns in patients with duodenal ulcer and ulcer-like dyspepsia and their relationship to the course of the diseases. Hvidovre Ulcer Project Group J Intern Med. 235 1994 589–594CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kabir, A.A.Whelton, P.K.Khan, M.M.Gustat, J.Chen, W.Association of symptoms of depression and obesity with hypertension: the Bogalusa Heart Study Am J Hypertens. 19 2006 639–645CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahl, K.G.Rudolf, S.Stoeckelhuber, B.M.Dibbelt, L.Gehl, H.B.Markhof, K.et al.Bone mineral density, markers of bone turnover, and cytokines in young women with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid major depressive disorder Am J Psychiatry. 162 2005 168–174CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahl, K.G.Greggersen, W.Rudolf, S.Stoeckelhuber, B.M.Bergmann-Koester, C.U.Dibbelt, L.et al.Bone mineral density, bone turnover, and osteoprotegerin in depressed women with and without borderline personality disorder Psychosom Med. 68 2006 669–674CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapcala, L.P.Chautard, T.Eskay, R.L.The protective role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis against lethality produced by immune, infectious, and inflammatory stress Ann N Y Acad Sci. 771 1995 419–437CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraus, T.Haack, M.Schuld, A.Hinze-Selch, D.Koethe, D.Pollmächer, T.Body weight, the tumor necrosis factor system, and leptin production during treatment with mirtazapine or venlafaxine Pharmacopsychiatry. 35 2002 220–225CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurina, L.M.Goldacre, M.J.Yeates, D.Gill, L.E.Depression and anxiety in people with inflammatory bowel disease J Epidemiol Community Health. 55 2001 716–720CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lederbogen, F.Gernoth, C.Hamann, B.Kniest, A.Heuser, I.Deuschle, M.Circadian blood pressure regulation in hospitalized depressed patients and non-depressed comparison subjects Blood Press Monit. 8 2003 71–76CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ledochowski, M.Murr, C.Sperner-Unterweger, B.Neurauter, G.Fuchs, D.Association between increased serum cholesterol and signs of depressive mood Clin Chem Lab Med. 41 2003 821–824CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linthorst, A.C.Reul, J.M.Inflammation and brain function under basal conditions and during long-term elevation of brain corticotropin-releasing hormone levels Adv Exp Med Biol. 461 1999 129–152CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lustman, P.J.Clouse, R.E.Depression in diabetic patients: the relationship between mood and glycemic control J Diabetes Complications. 19 2005 113–122Google ScholarPubMed
Maes, M.Major depression and activation of the inflammatory response system Adv Exp Med Biol. 461 1999 25–46CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maes, M.Scharpé, S.Meltzer, H.Y.Bosmans, E.Suy, E.Calabrese, J.et al.Relationships between interleukin-6 activity, acute phase proteins, and function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in severe depression Psychiatry Res. 49 1993 11–27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malach, M.Imperato, P.J.Depression and acute myocardial infarction Prev Cardiol. 7 2004 83–90Google ScholarPubMed
Miller, D.B.O'Callaghan, J.P.Depression, cytokines, and glial function Metabolism. 54 2005 33–38CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moorman, A.J.Mozaffarian, D.Wilkinson, C.W.Lawler, R.L.McDonald, G.B.Crane, B.A.et al.In patients with heart failure elevated soluble TNF-receptor 1 is associated with higher risk of depression J Card Fail. 13 2007 738–743CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mrazek, D.A.Psychiatric symptoms in patients with asthma causality, comorbidity, or shared genetic etiology Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 12 2003 459–471CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Müller, N.Schwarz, M.J.Dehning, S.Douhe, A.Cerovecki, A.Goldstein-Müller, B.et al.The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetine Mol Psychiatry. 11 2006 680–684CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Müller, N.Schwarz, M.J.Immunological aspects of depressive disorders Nervenarzt. 78 2007 1261–1273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Musselman, D.L.Betan, E.Larsen, H.Phillips, L.S.Relationship of depression to diabetes types 1 and 2: epidemiology, biology, and treatment Biol Psychiatry. 54 2003 317–329CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musselman, D.L.Miller, A.H.Porter, M.R.Manatunga, A.Gao, F.Penna, S.et al.Higher than normal plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in cancer patients with depression: preliminary findings Am J Psychiatry. 158 2001 1252–1257CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Brien, S.M.Scott, L.V.Dinan, T.G.Cytokines: abnormalities in major depression and implications for pharmacological treatment Hum Psychopharmacol. 19 2004 397–403CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pasic, J.Levy, W.C.Sullivan, M.D.Cytokines in depression and heart failure Psychosom Med. 65 2003 181–193CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pickering, M.Cumiskey, D.O'Conner, J.J.Actions of TNF-α on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the central nervous system Exp Physiol. 90 2005 663–670CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reichenberg, A.Kraus, T.Haack, M.Schuld, A.Pollmächer, T.Yirmiya, R.Endotoxin-induced changes in food consumption in healthy volunteers are associated with TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion Psychoneuroendocrinology. 27 2002 945–956CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reichenberg, A.Yirmiya, R.Schuld, A.Kraus, T.Haack, M.Morag, A.et al.Cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans Arch Gen Psychiatry. 58 2001 445–452CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reul, J.M.Labeur, M.S.Wiegers, G.J.Linthorst, A.C.Altered neuroimmunoendocrine communication during a condition of chronically increased brain corticotropin-releasing hormone drive Ann N Y Acad Sci. 840 1998 444–455CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubin, R.R.Peyrot, M.Was Willis right? Thoughts on depression as a cause of diabetes Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 18 2002 173–175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiepers, O.J.Wichers, M.C.Maes, M.Cytokines and major depression Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 29 2005 201–217CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schöbitz, B.Reul, J.M.Holsboer, F.The role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical system during inflammatory conditions Crit Rev Neurobiol. 8 1994 263–291Google ScholarPubMed
Silverman, M.N.Pearce, B.D.Biron, C.A.Miller, A.H.Immune modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection Viral Immunol. 18 2005 41–78CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, A.J.Kalaria, R.N.O'Brien, J.T.Depression and vascular disease: what is the relationship? J Affect Disord. 79 2004 81–95CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiemeier, H.Hofman, A.van Tuijl, H.R.Kiliaan, A.J.Meijer, J.Breteler, M.M.Inflammatory proteins and depression in the elderly Epidemiology. 14 2003 103–107CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tilders, F.J.DeRijk, R.H.Van Dam, A.M.Vincent, V.A.Schotanus, K.Persoons, J.H.Activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis by bacterial endotoxins: routes and intermediate signals Psychoneuroendocrinology. 9 1994 209–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timonen, M.Jokelainen, J.Hakko, H.Silvennoinen-Kassinen, S.Meyer-Rochow, V.B.Herva, A.et al.Atopy and depression: results from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study Mol Psychiatry. 8 2003 738–744CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyring, S.Gottlieb, A.Papp, K.Gordon, K.Leonardi, C.Wang, A.et al.Etanercept and clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: double-blind placebo-controlled randomised phase III trial Lancet. 367 2006 29–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wichers, M.Maes, M.The psychoneuroimmuno-pathophysiology of cytokine-induced depression in humans Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 5 2002 375–388CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, R.J.Cohen, R.T.Cohen, S.The impact of stress on the development and expression of atopy Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 5 2005 23–29CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yirmiya, R.Behavioral and psychological effects of immune activation: implications for ’depression due to a general medical condition’ Curr Opin Psychiatry. 10 1997 470–476CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, C.B.Blakely, R.D.Hewlett, W.A.The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activate serotonin transporters Neuropsychopharmacology. 31 2006 2121–2131CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmermann, U.Kraus, T.Himmerich, H.Schuld, A.Pollmächer, T.Epidemiology, implications and mechanisms underlying drug-induced weight gain in psychiatric patients J Psychiatr Res. 37 2003 193–220CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.