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Comparative analysis of impulsivity profiles in adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2022

E. Kenézlői ,
L. Balogh ,
S. Somogyi ,
E. Lévay ,
B. Bajzát ,
Z. Halmai ,
P. Soltész ,
Z. Nemoda ,
Z. Unoka  and
R. Tóth
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E. Kenézlői*
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
L. Balogh
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
S. Somogyi
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
E. Lévay
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
B. Bajzát
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
Z. Halmai
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
P. Soltész
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
Z. Nemoda
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Biochemistry And Molecular Biology, Budapest, Hungary
Z. Unoka
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
R. Tóth
Affiliation:
Hungarian Association for Behavioural, Cognitive and Schema Therapies, Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
J. Réthelyi
Affiliation:
Semmelweis University, Department Of Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

High levels of impulsive behavior represent a core symptom of different psychiatric conditions, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), impulse control and conduct disorders, bulimia nervosa, substance use disorders, and other maladaptive behaviors. Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, having at least three factors.

Objectives

Our aim was to describe the impulsivity profile in adult ADHD and BPD patients in comparison with a healthy control group, taking into consideration the different impulsivity factors.

Methods

aADHD (n=80) and BPD Patients (n=60) were recruited, based on the DSM-5 criteria. Control subjects (n=80) were screened using Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). Comorbidities were assessed by structured clinical interviews. Participants were further investigated with online questionnaires including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and neuropsychological tests, like Rogers’ decision-making test.

Results

Based ont the BIS-11 and DERS results, significantly higher levels of impulsivity (motor, attentional, non-planning) and difficulties in emotion regulation were present both in the aADHD and BPD groups, compared to the control group. Impulsivity factors were more characteristic to aADHD, emotion dysregulation was more specific to BPD. In the Rogers test, aADHD group was significantly slower in decision-making, while in BPD decision quality and risk-taking were affected.

Conclusions

Impulsivity profiles of the two disorders are different, which leads to the assumption of potentially altered pathway of developing impulsive behavior. As a neuropsychiatric condition, impulsivity in aADHD is related to neurobiological dysinhibition, in BPD impulsive behavior is attached to emotionally involving situations, and emotional dysregulation rooted in childhood adverse events.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Keywords

Impulsivityborderline personality disorderdecision makingAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 65 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 30th European Congress of Psychiatry , June 2022 , pp. S867 - S868
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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