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Cognitive impairment after post-acute COVID-19 infection: a systematic review of the literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2023

N. Sansone ,
P. Pezzella ,
A. Perrottelli ,
G. M. Giordano ,
E. Caporusso ,
L. Giuliani ,
P. Bucci ,
A. Mucci  and
S. Galderisi
N. Sansone*
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
P. Pezzella
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
A. Perrottelli
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
G. M. Giordano
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
E. Caporusso
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
L. Giuliani
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
P. Bucci
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
A. Mucci
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
S. Galderisi
Affiliation:
University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, many individuals reported neurological and psychiatric sequelae, including cognitive impairment, even several months after the acute infection.

Objectives

The present study aims to provide a critical overview of the literature on the relationships between post-acute COVID-19 infection and cognitive impairment, highlighting limitations and confounding factors.

Methods

A systematic search of articles published from January 1st, 2020, to July 1st, 2022 was performed in Pubmed/Medline. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

Only studies using validated instruments for the assessment of cognitive impairment were included. Out of 5478 screened records, 72 studies met inclusion criteria. Time of patients’ assessment varied from 4 weeks to 12 months after the infection. The available evidence revealed the presence of impairment in executive functions, attention and memory in subjects recovered from COVID-19. However, several limitations of the literature reviewed should be highlighted: most studies were performed on small samples, not stratified by severity of disease and age, used a cross-sectional or a short-term longitudinal design, and provided a limited assessment of the different cognitive domains. Few studies investigated neurobiological correlates of cognitive deficits in individuals recovered from COVID-19.

Conclusions

Based on the literature reviewed, it is difficult, to date, to draw conclusions about the relationships between COVID-19 infection and cognitive impairment. Therefore, further studies with an adequate methodological design are needed in order to better understand these relationships, identify neurobiological correlates of COVID-related cognitive deficits and evaluate their course over time. Enhancing the knowledge on this topic could favor the development of effective therapeutic strategies for cognitive deficits in individuals recovered from COVID-19.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 66 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 31st European Congress of Psychiatry , March 2023 , pp. S121 - S122
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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