Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:54:22.884Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cavum septum pellucidum and adhesio interthalamica in schizophrenia: an MRI study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

José Alexandre de Souza Crippa ,
Antonio Waldo Zuardi ,
Geraldo F. Busatto ,
Rafael Faria Sanches ,
Antonio Carlos Santos ,
David Araújo ,
Edson Amaro ,
Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak ,
Virginia Ng  and
Philip K. McGuire
José Alexandre de Souza Crippa*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute de Psychiatry, Neuroimaging Section, University of London, London, UK
Antonio Waldo Zuardi
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Geraldo F. Busatto
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Rafael Faria Sanches
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Antonio Carlos Santos
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Clinic, Radiology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
David Araújo
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Edson Amaro
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute de Psychiatry, Neuroimaging Section, University of London, London, UK Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Virginia Ng
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute de Psychiatry, Neuroimaging Section, University of London, London, UK
Philip K. McGuire
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute de Psychiatry, Neuroimaging Section, University of London, London, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 16 3602 2201; fax: +55 16 3602 2544. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.A.d.S. Crippa).
Get access

Abstract

Several studies have independently suggested that patients with schizophrenia are more likely to have an enlarged cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and an absent adhesio interthalamica (AI), respectively. However, neither finding has been consistently replicated and it is unclear whether there is an association between these two midline brain abnormalities. Thus, we compared the prevalence of absent AI and the prevalence, size and volume of CSP in 38 patients with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were no between group differences in the presence or volume of CSP; however, an enlarged CSP was commoner among patients than controls. There was also a positive correlation between CSP ratings and volumes. No differences in the presence or absence of the AI were found between patients and controls; however, an absent AI was commoner in male patients with schizophrenia than females. There was absolutely no overlap between the presence of a large CSP and an absence of AI. In conclusion, our findings are in line with several case series and other MRI investigations that have shown a higher incidence of putatively developmental brain abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia, particularly in males, and support the neurodevelopmental model of this disorder.

Keywords

SchizophreniaCavum septum pellucidumAdhesio interthalamicaMRI
Type
Original articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 21 , Issue 5 , July 2006 , pp. 291 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier SAS 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, L.S., Gorski, R.A.Sexual dimorphism of the anterior commissure and massa intermedia of the human brain. J. Comp. Neurol 1991;312:97–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bech, P., Kastrup, M., Rafaelsen, O.J.Mini-compendium of rating scales for states of anxiety depression mania schizophrenia with corresponding DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl 1986;326:1–37.Google ScholarPubMed
Bogerts, B., Ashtari, M., Degreef, G., Alvir, J.M., Bilder, R.M., Lieberman, J.A.Reduced temporal limbic structure volumes on magnetic resonance images in first episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1990;35:1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braff, D.L.Information processing and attention dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull 1993;19:233–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlsson, M., Carlsson, A.Schizophrenia: a subcortical neurotransmitter imbalance syndrome?. Schizophr. Bull 1990;16:425–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castle, D.J., Murray, R.M.The neurodevelopmental basis of sex differences in schizophrenia. Psychol. Med 1991;21:565–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crippa, J.A., Sanches, R.F., Hallak, J.E., Loureiro, S.R., Zuardi, A.W.A structured interview guide increases Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale reliability in raters with low clinical experience. Acta Psychiatr. Scand 2001;103:465–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crippa, J.A., Sanches, R.F., Hallak, J.E., Loureiro, S.R., Zuardi, A.W.Factor structure of Bech's translated version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in Brazilian Patients. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res 2002;35:1209–1213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crippa, J.A., Sanches, R.F., Hallak, J.E.C., Araújo, D., Santos, A.C., Zuardi, A.W.Lipoma adhered to the corpus callosum in a schizophrenic patient with severe positive symptoms that responded to clozapine. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2002;14:36–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Critério de Classificação Sócio-Econômica Brasil (CCSEB). Associação Brasileira de Anunciantes, Associação Nacional das Empresas de Pesquisa de Mercado (ANEP), Associação Brasileira dos Institutos de Pesquisa de Mercado (ABIPEME), 1997.Google Scholar
Davie, J.C., Baldwin, M.Radiographic–anatomical study of the massa intermedia. J. Neurosurg 1967;26:483–487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degreef, G., Bogerts, B., Falkai, P., Greve, B., Lantos, G., Ashtari, M., Lieberman, J.Increased prevalence of the cavum septum pellucidum in magnetic resonance scans and post-mortem brains of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res 1992;45:1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degreef, G., Lantos, G., Bogerts, B., Ashtari, M, Lieberman, J.Abnormalities of the septum pellucidum on MR scans in first-episode schizophrenic patients. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol 1992;13:835–840.Google ScholarPubMed
Del-Ben, C.M., Vilela, J.A.A., Crippa, J.A.S., Hallak, J.E.C., Labate, C.M., Zuardi, A.W.Test–retest reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV—Clinical Version (SCID-CV) translated into Portuguese. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr 2001;23:156–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLisi, L.E., Hoff, A.L., Kushner, M., Degreef, G.Increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1993;50:193–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erbagci, H., Yildirim, H., Herken, H., Gumusburun, E.A magnetic resonance imaging study of the adhesio interthalamica in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res 2002;55:89–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filipovic, B., Kovacevic, S., Stojicic, M., Prostran, M., Filipovic, B.Morphological differences among cavum septi pellucidi obtained in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals: forensic implications. A post-mortem study. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci 2005;59(1):106–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filipovic, B., Prostran, M., Ilankovic, N., Filipovic, B.Predictive potential of cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in schizophrenics, alcoholics and persons with past head trauma. A post-mortem study. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci 2004;254:228–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filipovic, B., Teofilovski-Parapid, G.Ageing changes of morphological characteristics of cavum septi pellucidi in adults: a dissectional study. Ital. J. Anat. Embryol 1998;103:107–116.Google ScholarPubMed
Filipovic, B., Teofilovski-Parapid, G.Linear parameters of normal and abnormal cava septi pellucidi: a post-mortem study. Clin. Anat 2004;17:626–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
First, M.B., Spitzer, R.L., Gibbon, M., Williams, J.B.W.Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders—clinician version (SCID-CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1997.Google Scholar
Fukuzako, H., Kodama, S.Cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 1998;43:467.Google Scholar
Fukuzako, T., Fukuzako, H., Kodama, S., Hashiguchi, T., Takigawa, M.Cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci 1996;50:125–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galarza, M., Merlo, A.B., Ingratta, A., Albanese, E.F., Albanese, A.M.Cavum septum pellucidum and its increased prevalence in schizophrenia: a neuroembryological classification. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci 2004;16(1):41–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galderisi, S., Vita, A., Rossi, A.et al.Qualitative MRI findings in patients with schizophrenia: a controlled study. Psychiatry Res 2000;98:117–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagino, H., Suzuki, M., Kurokawa, K., Mori, K., Nohara, S., Takahashi, T., Yamashita, I., Yotsutsuji, T., Kurachi, M., Seto, H.Magnetic resonance imaging study of the cavum septi pellucidi in patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2001;158:1717–1719.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, R.A., Kemohan, J.W., Winchell, M.K.Caves and cysts of the septum pellucidum. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 1955;74:259–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jurjus, G.J., Nasrallah, H.A., Olson, S.C., Schwarzkopf, S.B.Cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia, affective disorder and healthy controls: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychol. Med 1993;23:319–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kasai, K., McCarley, R.W., Salisbury, D.F., Onitsuka, T., Demeo, S., Yurgelun-Todd, D.et al.Cavum septi pellucidi in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: an MRI study. Schizophr. Res 2004;71(1):65–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, S.R., Fiszbein, A., Opler, L.A.The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull 1987;13:261–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keshavan, M.S., Jayakumar, P.N., Diwadkar, V.A., Singh, A.Cavum septi pellucidi in first-episode patients and young relatives at risk for schizophrenia. CNS Spectr 2002;7(2):155–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwon, J.S., Shenton, M.E., Hirayasu, Y., Salisbury, D.F., Fischer, I.A., Dickey, C.C., Yurgelun-Todd, D., Tohen, M., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F.A., McCarley, R.W.MRI study of cavum septi pellucidi in schizophrenia, affective disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:509–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawrie, S.M., Abukmeil, S.S., Chiswick, A., Egan, V., Santosh, C.G., Best, J.J.Qualitative cerebral morphology in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study and systematic literature review. Schizophr. Res 1997;25:155–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, A., Chue, P.Sex differences in schizophrenia, a review of the literature. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl 2000;401:3–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewine, R.R., Hudgins, P., Brown, F., Caudle, J., Risch, S.C.Differences in qualitative brain morphology findings in schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, and normal volunteers. Schizophr. Res 1995;15:253–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, J., Bogerts, B., Degreef, G., Ashtari, M., Lantos, G., Alvir, J.Qualitative assessment of brain morphology in acute and chronic schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 1992;149:784–794.Google ScholarPubMed
Ligier, Y., Ratib, O., Logean, M., Girard, C.Osiris: a medical image-manipulation system. MD Comput 1994;11:212–218.Google ScholarPubMed
Lopes-Machado, E.Z., Crippa, J.A., Hallak, J.E., Guimaraes, F.S., Zuardi, A.W.Electrodermically non-responsive schizophrenia patients make more errors in the Stroop Color Word Test, indicating selective attention deficit. Schizophr. Bull 2002;28:459–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malobabic, S., Puskas, L., Blagotic, M.Size and position of the human adhaesio interthalamica. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb 1987;133:175–180.Google ScholarPubMed
Meisenzahl, E.M., Frodl, T., Zetzsche, T., Leinsinger, G., Maag, K., Hegerl, U., Hahn, K., Moller, H.J.Investigation of possible diencephalic pathology in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2002;115:127–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meisenzahl, E.M., Frodl, T., Zetzsche, T.et al.Adhesio interthalamica in male patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:823–825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morel, F., Weissfeiler, J.La commisure grise. Encephale 1931;26:659–670.Google Scholar
Morel, F.La massa intermiedia au commissure grise. Acta Anat. (Basel) 1948;4:203–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, R.M., Fearon, P.The developmental ‘risk factor’ model of schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Res 1999;33:497–499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nopoulos, P., Flaum, M., Andreasen, N.C.Sex differences in brain morphology in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 1997;154:1648–1654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nopoulos, P., Krie, A., Andreasen, N.C.Enlarged cavum septi pellucidi in patients with schizophrenia: clinical and cognitive correlates. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci 2000;12:344–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nopoulos, P., Swayze, V., Andreasen, N.C.Pattern of brain morphology in patients with schizophrenia and large cavum septi pellucidi. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci 1996;8:147–152.Google ScholarPubMed
Nopoulos, P., Swayze, V., Flaum, M., Ehrhardt, J.C., Yuh, W.T., Andreasen, N.C.Cavum septi pellucidi in normals and patients with schizophrenia as detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Biol. Psychiatry 1997;41:1102–1108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nopoulos, P.C., Giedd, J.N., Andreasen, N.C., Rapoport, J.L.Frequency and severity of enlarged cavum septi pellucidi in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:1074–1079.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nopoulos, P.C., Rideout, D., Crespo-Facorro, B., Andreasen, NC.Sex differences in the absence of massa intermedia in patients with schizophrenia versus healthy controls. Schizophr. Res 2001;48:177–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldfield, R.C.The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia 1971;9:97–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overall, J.E., Gorham, D.R.The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psycol. Rep 1962;10:799–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauling, K.J., Bodensteiner, J.B., Hogg, J.P., Schaefer, G.B.Does selection bias determine the prevalence of the cavum septi pellucidi?. Pediatr. Neurol 1998;19:195–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rabl, R.Strukturstudien an der massa intermedia des thalamus opticus. J. Hirnforsch 1958;4:78–112.Google Scholar
Rajarethinam, R., Miedler, J., DeQuardo, J., Smet, C.I., Brunberg, J., Kirbat, R., Tandon, R.Prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia studied with MRI. Schizophr. Res 2001;48:201–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rakic, P., Yakovlev, P.I.Development of the corpus callosum and cavum septi in man. J. Comp. Neurol 1968;132:45–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosales, R.K., Lemay, M.J., Yakovlev, P.I.The development and involution of massa intermedia with regard to age and sex. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol 1968;21:166.Google Scholar
Samra, K.A., Cooper, I.S.Radiology of the massa intermedia. Radiology 1968;91:1124–1128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarwar, M.The septum pellucidum: normal and abnormal. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol 1989;10:989–1005.Google ScholarPubMed
Scott, T.F., Price, T.R., George, M.S., Brillman, J., Rothfus, W.Midline cerebral malformations and schizophrenia. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci 1993;5:287–293.Google Scholar
Shaw, C.M.Alvord ECJr. Cava septi pellucidi et vergae: their normal and pathogical states. Brain 1969;92:213–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shenton, M.E., Dickey, C.C., Frumin, M., McCarley, R.W.A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res 2001;49:1–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, P.J., Bogerts, B., Wu, H., Bilder, R.M., Deoras, K.S., Lieberman, J.A.Absence of the adhesio interthalamica as a marker of early developmental neuropathology in schizophrenia: an MRI and postmortem histologic study. J. Neuroimaging 1998;8:159–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swayze, V.W., Andreasen, N.C., Ehrhardt, J.C., Yuh, W.T., Alliger, R.J., Cohen, G.A.Developmental abnormalities of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. Arch. Neurol 2nd 1990;47:805–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symonds, L.L., Olichney, J.M., Jernigan, T.L., Corey-Bloom, J., Healy, J.F., Jeste, D.V.Lack of clinically significant gross structural abnormalities in MRIs of older patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci 1997;9:251–258.Google ScholarPubMed
Taylor, M., David, A.S.Agenesis of the corpus callosum: a United Kingdom series of 56 cases. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1998;64:131–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uematsu, M., Kaiya, H.Midsagittal cortical pathomorphology of schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res 1989;30:11–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vessoni, A.L.N.Adaptação e estudo da confiabilidade da escala de avaliação das síndromes positiva e negativa para a esquizofrenia no Brasil. Dissertação de Mestrado. Escola Paulista de Medicina; 1993.Google Scholar
Woodruff, P.W., Pearlson, G.D., Geer, M.J., Barta, P.E., Chilcoat, H.D.A computerized magnetic resonance imaging study of corpus callosum morphology in schizophrenia. Psychol. Med 1993;23:45–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, B.T.Is schizophrenia a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder? Toward a unitary pathogenetic mechanism. Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:1661–1670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuardi, A.W., Loureiro, S.R., Rodrigues, C.R.C., Correa, A.J., Glock, S.S.A study of the reliability, validity and factor structure of a Portuguese translation and adaptation of the modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Rev. ABPAPAL 1994;16:63–68.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.