Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T18:57:55.995Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analogical reasoning in schizophrenic delusions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Jane Simpson  and
D. John Done
Jane Simpson*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YT, UK
D. John Done
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, HatfieldAL10 9AB, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email address: [email protected] (J. Simpson).
Get access

Abstract

Purpose

Reasoning ability has often been argued to be impaired in people with schizophrenic delusions, although evidence for this is far from convincing. This experiment examined the analogical reasoning abilities of several groups of patients, including non-deluded and deluded schizophrenics, to test the hypothesis that performance by the deluded schizophrenic group would be impaired.

Subjects/materials

Eleven deluded schizophrenics, 10 depressed subjects, seven non-deluded schizophrenics and 16 matched non-psychiatric controls, who were matched on a number of key variables, were asked to solve an analogical reasoning task.

Results

Performance by the deluded schizophrenic group was certainly impaired when compared with the depressed and non-psychiatric control groups though less convincingly so when compared with the non-deluded schizophrenic group. The impairment shown by the deluded schizophrenic group seemed to occur at the initial stage of the reasoning task.

Discussion

The particular type of impairment shown by the deluded subjects was assessed in relation to other cognitive problems already researched and the implications of these problems on reasoning tasks and theories of delusions was discussed.

Keywords

DelusionsReasoningAnalogicalSchizophrenia
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 19 , Issue 6 , September 2004 , pp. 344 - 348
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 European Psychiatric Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Addington, JAddington, DMaticka-Tyndale, E. Cognitive functioning and positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1991;5:123–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: APA; 1994.Google Scholar
Ammons, RBAmmons, CH. Quick test. Missoula, MT: Psychological Test Specialists; 1962.Google Scholar
Beck, ATWard, CHMendelson, MMock, JErbaugh, J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychol 1961;41:53–63.Google Scholar
Bentall, RPYoung, HA. Sensible hypothesis testing in deluded, depressed and normal subjects. Br J Psychiatry 1996;168:372–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bilder, RMMukherjee, SReider, ROPandurangi, AK. Symptomatic and neuropsychological components of defect states. Schizophr Bull 1985;11:409–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutting, JMurphy, D. Schizophrenic thought disorder: a psychological and organic interpretation. Br J Psychiatry 1988;152:310–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Das, JP. Foreword. In: Lidz, CS, editor. Dynamic assessment. New York Guildford Press; 1987.Google Scholar
Dominey, PFGeorgieff, N. Schizophrenics learn surface but not abstract structure in a serial reaction time task. NeuroReport 1997;8:2877–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dudley, REJJohn, CHYoung, AWOver, DE. Normal and abnormal reasoning in people with delusions. Br J Clin Psychol 1997;36:243–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dudley, REJJohn, CHYoung, AWOver, DE. Conditional reasoning in people with delusions: performance on the Wason Selection Task. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 1998;3:241–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckblad, MChapman, LJ. Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983;51:215–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Epelbaum, C. Raisonnement analogique at métaphore: une approache des troubles de la function symbolique dans la schizophrénie. Ann Méd-Psychol 1996;155:207–10.Google Scholar
Frith, CDLeary, JCahill, CJohnstone, EC. Performance on psychological tests. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159(Suppl 13):26–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garety, PAFreeman, D. Cognitive approaches to delusions: a critical review of theories and evidence. Br J Clin Psychol 1999;38:113–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garety, PAHemsley, DRWessely, S. Reasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients: biases in performance on a probabilistic inference task. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991;179:194–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gentner, G. The mechanisms of analogical learning. In: Vosniadou, SOrtony, A, editors. Similarity and analogical reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1989.Google Scholar
Gick, MLHolyoak, KJ. Analogical problem-solving. Cogn Psychol 1980;12:306–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gick, MLHolyoak, KJ. Schema induction and analogical transfer. Cogn Psychol 1983;15:1–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, GHalperin, KM. Neuropsychological differences among subtypes of schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol 1977;86:34–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huq, SFGarety, PAHemsley, DR. Probabilistic judgements in deluded and non-deluded subjects. Q J Exp Psychol 1988;40A:801–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, CHDodgson, G. Inductive reasoning in delusional thought. J Ment Health 1994;3:31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, ECFrith, CD. Validation of three dimensions of schizophrenic symptoms in a large unselected sample of patients. Psychol Med 1996;26:669–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, RChua, SMcKenna, PDavid, A. Reasoning and delusions. Br J Psychiatry 1997;170:198–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laws, KRMcKenna, PJMcCarthy, RAM. Delusions about people. Neurocase 1995;1:71–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magaro, PA. The paranoid and the schizophrenic: the case for a distinct cognitive style. Schizophr Bull 1981;7:632–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maher, BA. Anomalous experience and delusional thinking: the logic of explanations. In: Oltmanns, TFMaher, BA, editors. Delusional beliefs. New York: Wiley; 1988. p. 15–33.Google Scholar
McKenna, PJ. Memory, knowledge and delusions. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159(Suppl 14):36–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neufeld, RWJ. Memory in paranoid schizophrenia. In: Magaro, PA, editor. Annual review of psychopathology: vol 1 Cognitive bases of mental disorders. Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 1991. p. 231–61.Google Scholar
Nelson, HE. The national adult reading test. Windsor: NFER-Nelson; 1982.Google Scholar
Nicholson, IRNeufeld, RWJ. Classification of the schizophrenias according to symptomatology: a two factor model. J Abnorm Psychol 1993;102:259–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, SK. A schema-based theory of transfer. In: Detterman, DSternberg, R, editors. Transfer on trial: intelligence, cognition and instruction. New Jersey, USA: Ablex Publishing; 1993.Google Scholar
Rossell, SLShapsleke, JDavid, AS. Sentence verification and delusions: a content-specific deficit. Psychol Med 1998;28:1189–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saccuzzo, DPMiller, S. Critical interstimulus interval in delusional schizophrenics and normals. J Abnorm Psychol 1977;86:261–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schank, RCAbelson, RP. Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1977.Google Scholar
Simpson, JDone, DJVallée-Tourangeau, F. An unreasoned approach: a critique of research on reasoning and delusions. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 1998;3:1–20.Google Scholar
Simpson, JDone, DJ. Elasticity and confabulation in schizophrenic delusions. Psychol Med 2002;32:451–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spellman, BAHolyoak, KJ. Pragmatics in analogical mapping. Cogn Psychol 1996;31:307–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strauss, ME. Relations of symptoms to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1993;19:215–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamlyn, DMcKenna, PJMortimer, AMLund, CEHammond, SBaddeley, AD. Memory impairment in schizophrenia: its extent, affiliations and neuropsychological character. Psychol Med 1992;22:101–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
von Hippel, WJonides, JHilton, JLNarayan, S. Inhibitory effect of schematic processing on perceptual encoding. J Pers Soc Psychol 1993;64:921–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.