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Action-inhibition hierarchies: Using a simple gastropod model to investigate serotonergic and dopaminergic control of action selection and reinforcement learning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

S. Hodgkinson
Affiliation:
Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, University of Ulm, Ravensburg, Germany
J. Steyer
Affiliation:
Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, University of Ulm, Ravensburg, Germany
M. Jandl
Affiliation:
Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, University of Ulm, Ravensburg, Germany
W.P. Kaschka
Affiliation:
Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, University of Ulm, Ravensburg, Germany

Abstract

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Introduction

Basal ganglia (BG) activity plays an important role in action selection and reinforcement learning. Inputs from and to other areas of the brain are modulated by a number of neurotransmitter pathways in the BG. Disturbances in the normal function of the BG may play a role in the aetiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Aims

Develop a simple animal model to evaluate interactions between glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic and GABAergic neurones in the modulation of action selection and reinforcement learning.

Objectives

To characterise the effects of changing dopaminergic and serotonergic activity on action selection and reinforcement learning in an animal model.

Methods

The food seeking / consummation (FSC) activity of the gastropod Planorbis corneus was suppressed by operant conditioning using a repeated unconditioned stimulus-punishment regime. The effects of elevated serotonin or dopamine levels (administration into cerebral, pedal and buccal ganglia), on operantly-conditioned FSC activity was assessed.

Results

Operantly-conditioned behaviour was reversed by elevated ganglia serotonin levels but snails showed no food consummation motor activity in the absence of food. In contrast, elevated ganglia dopamine levels in conditioned snails elicited food consummation motor movements in the absence of food but not orientation towards a food source.

Conclusions

The modulation of FSC activity elicited by reinforcement learning is subject to hierarchical control in gastropods. Serotoninergic activity is responsible establishing the general activity level whilst dopaminergic activity appears to play a more localised and subordinate ‘command’ role.

Type
P02-309
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2011
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