Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-fnl2l Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-15T06:37:21.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early-adult outcome of child and adolescent mental disorders as evidenced by a national-based case register survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

A.C. Castagnini ,
L. Foldager ,
E. Caffo  and
P.H. Thomsen
A.C. Castagnini*
Affiliation:
Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
L. Foldager
Affiliation:
Unit for Behaviour and Stress Biology, Department of Animal Science, and Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
E. Caffo
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Medecine and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
P.H. Thomsen
Affiliation:
Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
*
*Corresponding author. School of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. E-mail address:[email protected](A.C. Castagnini).
Get access

Abstract

Background

Mental disorders show varying degrees of continuity from childhood to adulthood. This study addresses the relationship of child and adolescent mental disorders to early adult psychiatric morbidity.

Methods

From a population at risk of 830,819 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years, we selected all those (n = 6043) who were enrolled for the first time in the Danish Psychiatric Register with an ICD-10 F00-99 diagnosis in 1995-1997, and identified any mental disorder for which they received treatment up to 2009.

Results

Neurodevelopmental and conduct disorders were the principal diagnostic groups at 6-16 years and exhibited a characteristic male preponderance; while affective, eating, neurotic, stress-related and adjustment disorders were more common in girls. Over a mean follow-up period of 10.1 years, 1666 (27.6%) cases, mean age 23.4 years, were referred for treatment to mental health services, and they had a markedly higher risk than the general population (RR 5.1; 95% CI 4.9-5.4). Affective, eating, neurodevelopmental, obsessive-compulsive and psychotic disorders had the strongest continuity. Heterotypic transitions were observed for affective, eating, neurodevelopmental, personality and substance use disorders.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that individuals with psychiatric antecedents in childhood and adolescence had a high risk of being referred for treatment in early adulthood, and many mental disorders for which they required treatment revealed both homotypic and heterotypic continuity.

Keywords

ContinuityEpidemiologyICD-10Nosology
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 38 , October 2016 , pp. 45 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Costello, EJMaughan, BAnnual research review: optimal outcomes of child and adolescent mental illness. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56:324–341CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, MKim-Cohen, JMaughan, BContinuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;47:276–295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copeland, WEShanahan, LCostello, EJAngold, ACumulative prevalence of psychiatric disorders by young adulthood: a prospective cohort analysis from the Great Smoky Mountains study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011;50:252–261Google ScholarPubMed
Kim-Cohen, JCaspi, AMoffit, TEHarrington, HMilne, BJPoulton, RPrior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2003;60:709–719Google ScholarPubMed
Kessler, RCBerglund, P.M.B.A.Demler, OJin, RMerikangas, KRWalters, EELifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distribution of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Study Replication. JAMA Psychiatry. 2005;62:593–602Google Scholar
Reef, JDiamantopoulou, Svan Meurs, IVerhulst, Fvan der Ende, JChild to adult continuities of psychopathology: a 24-year follow-up. ACTA Psychiatr Scand. 2010;120:230–238CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gore, FMBloem, PJPatton, GCFerguson, JJoseph, VCoffey, Cet al.Global burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011;377:2093–2102CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copeland, WEShanahan, LCostello, EJAngold, AChildhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2009;66:764–772Google ScholarPubMed
Patton, GCCoffey, CRomaniuk, HMackinnon, ACarlin, JBDegenhardt, Let al.The prognosis of common mental disorders in adolescents: a 14-year prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2014;383:1404–1411CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maibing, CFPedersen, CBBenros, MEMortensen, PBDalsgaard, SNordentoft, MRisk of Schizophrenia increases after all child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: a nationwide study. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41:963–970CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, MJO’Donovan, MCThapar, ACraddock, NNeurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;198:173–175CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copeland, WEAdair, CESmetanin, PStiff, DBriante, CColman, Iet al.Diagnostic transitions from childhood to adolescence to early adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013;54:791–799CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mors, OPerto, GPMortensen, PBThe Danish psychiatric central research register. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(Suppl 7):54–57CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health, Organization, The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: WHO; 1993Google Scholar
Paus, TKeshavan, MGiedd, JNWhy do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence?. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:947–957CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pedersen, CBMors, OBertelsen, AWaltoft, LBAgerbo, EMcGrath, JJet al.A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:573–581CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moller, LRSorensen, MJThomsen, PEICD-10 classification in Danish child and adolescent psychiatry: have diagnose changed after the introduction of ICD-10?. Nord J Psychiatry. 2007;61:71–78CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, SNSchendel, DEParner, ETExplaining the increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders: the proportion attributable to changes in reporting practices. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169:56–62CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, CMSteinhausen, HCLauritsen, MBTime trends over 16 years in incidence - rates of autism spectrum disorders across the lifespan based on nationwide Danish register data. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014;44:1808–1818CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fergusson, DMHorwood, LJThe Christchurch Health and Development Study: review of findings on child and adolescent mental health. Aust NZ J Psychiatry. 2001;35:287–296CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costello, EJMustillo, SErkanli, AKeeler, GAngold, APrevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry. 2003;60:837–844Google ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV).Fourth ed. 1994 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
Andrews, GSlade, TPeters, LClassification in psychiatry: ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174:3–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adornetto, CSuppiger, AIn-Albon, TNeuschwander, MSchneider, SConcordances and discrepancies between ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for anxiety in childhood and adolescence. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Ment Health.6 2012 40http://www.capmh.com/content/6/!/40CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sorensen, MJMors, OThomsen, PHDSM-IV or ICD-10 DCR diagnoses in child and adolescent psychiatry: does it matter?. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;14:335–340CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinberger, KSchuch, BClassification of obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood and adolescence. ACTA Psychiatr Scand. 2002;106:97–102CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomsen, PHObsessive-compulsive disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;22(Suppl 1):23–28CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5).Fifth ed. 2013 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DCCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheung, CHRijdijk, FMcLoughlin, GFaraone, SVAshterson, PKuntsi, JChildhood predictors of adolescent and young adult outcome in ADHD. J Psychiatr Res. 2015;62:92–100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, ZLichtenstein, PHalldner, LD’Onofrio, BSerlachius, EFazel, Set al.Stimulant ADHD medication and risk for substance abuse. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014;55:878–885CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalsgaard, SMortensen, PBFrydenberg, MMaybing, CMNordentoft, MThomsen, PHAssociation between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood and schizophrenia later in adulthood. Eur Psychiatry. 2014;29:259–263CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faraone, SVBiederman, JMick, EThe age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychol Med. 2006;36:159–165CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lauritsen, MBJorgensen, MMadsen, KMLemcke, SToft, SGrove, Jet al.Validity of childhood autism in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register: findings from a cohort sample born 1990-1999. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010;40:139–148CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessing, LVA comparison of ICD-8 and ICD-10 diagnoses of affective disorder: a case register-based study from Denmark. Eur Psychiatry. 1998;13:342–345CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, KDFrederiksen, JNHansen, TJansson, LBParnas, JWerge, TReliability of clinical ICD-10 schizophrenia diagnosis. Nord J Psychiatry. 2005;59:209–212CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalsgaard, SMortensen, PBFrydenberg, MThomsen, PHConduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:416–421CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, SPPaul, MFord, TKramer, TWeaver, TMcLaren, Set al.Process, outcome and experience of transition from child to adult mental healthcare: multiperspective study. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197:305–312CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.