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Cost of borderline personality disorder in Catalonia (Spain)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

L. Salvador-Carulla ,
M. Bendeck ,
M. Ferrer ,
Ó. Andión ,
E. Aragonès  and
M. Casas
L. Salvador-Carulla*
Affiliation:
Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Unit of Mental Health Policy, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
M. Bendeck
Affiliation:
InGenis Consulting Group, Barcelona, Spain
M. Ferrer
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Ó. Andión
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
E. Aragonès
Affiliation:
Centre d’Atenció Primària de Constantí, Institut Català de la Salut, Catalonia, Spain, and Institut d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
M. Casas
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
*
*Corresponding author at: Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75, East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 9351 9231. E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Salvador-Carulla).
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Abstract

Introduction

The available information on the cost of illness of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is overtly insufficient for policy planning. Our aim was to estimate the costs of illness for BPD in Catalonia (Spain) for 2006.

Methods

This is a multilevel cross-design synthesis study combining a qualitative nominal approach, quantitative ‘top-down’ analysis of multiple health databases, and ‘bottom-up’ data of local surveys. Both direct and indirect costs have been estimated from a governmental and societal perspective.

Results

Estimated year-prevalence of BPD was 0.7% (41,921 cases), but only 9.6% of these cases were treated in the mental health system (4033 cases). The baseline of the total cost of BPD in Catalonia was 45.6 million €, of which 15.8 million € (34.7%) were direct costs related to mental health care. The cost distribution was 0.4% in primary care; 4% in outpatient mental health care; 4.7% in hospitalisation; 0.7% in emergency care; and 24.9% in pharmacotherapy. Additionally, the cost of drug addiction treatment for persons with BPD was 11.2%; costs associated with sheltered employment were 23.9% and those of crime and justice were 9.7%. Indirect costs – including temporary sick leave and premature death (suicide) – represented 20.5% of total costs. The average annual cost per patient was 11,308 €.

Conclusions

An under-reporting of BPD was identified by the experts in all health databases and official registries. Most of the BPD costs were not related to mental health care. Amongst the direct cost categories, pharmacotherapy had the largest proportion despite the lack of specificity for BPD. This distribution of costs reinforces the idea of BPD complexity related to an inadequate and inefficient use of health resources.

Keywords

Cost of illnessBorderline personality disorderQualitative researchQuantitative analysisHealth economics
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 29 , Issue 8 , October 2014 , pp. 490 - 497
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2014

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