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Vulnerabilidad genética al abuso de drogas
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
La adicción a diversas sustancias, incluidas las drogas y el alcohol, se origina probablemente en una combinación de factores ambientales y genéticos. Varios estudios familiares, de adopción y de gemelos apoyan la vulnerabilidad genética a la adicción a las drogas. Sin embargo, como ocurre en otros trastornos mentales, la vulnerabilidad genética a la adicción a las drogas parece compleja: estos trastornos no siguen las reglas de la herencia mendeliana. En su lugar, influyen probablemente en ellos múltiples genes de susceptibilidad, cada uno de los cuales contribuye al trastorno. Cuantos más genes son necesarios para un trastorno, más difÍcil es detectar cualquiera de ellos. El papel de los factores ambientales aumenta esta dificultad. Los estudios de asociación que han utilizado el enfoque del gen candidato pueden identificar genes de susceptibilidad para el abuso de drogas con el apoyo de la hipótesis patofisiológica de la enfermedad. Esta revisión se centrará en los estudios clÍnicos y de genética molecular en el abuso de drogas.
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References
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