Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T01:18:31.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Trastornos mentales en una muestra forense de delincuentes sexuales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

A. Leue ,
B. Borchard  and
J. Hoyer
A. Leue
Affiliation:
Instituto Central de Salud Mental, Mannheim, J5, 68159Mannheim, Alemania
B. Borchard
Affiliation:
Hospital Forense Estatal de Moringen, Moringen, Alemania
J. Hoyer
Affiliation:
Universidad de Dresde de Tecnología, Dresde, Alemania
Get access

Resumen

Objetivo

El presente estudio examinó la prevalencia de los trastornos del Eje I del DSM-IV y los trastornos de la personalidad del DSM-IV entre delincuentes sexuales en hospitales forenses estatales en Alemania.

Método

Se investigó las tasas de la prevalencia actual y vital de los trastornos mentales a partir de entrevistas clínicas estructuradas entre delincuentes sexuales (n = 55). Además, se analizó subgrupos a partir de los criterios de investigación diagnóstics clasificándose a 30 delincuentes sexuales como parafílicos y a 25, con un trastorno de control de los impulsos (sin parafilia).

Resultados

Los trastornos de ansiedad, del estado de ánimo y relacionados con el uso de sustancias eran comunes entre los delincuentes sexuales, como lo eran los trastornos de la personalidad de los grupos ByC. Mientras que la fobia social era más comiin entre los delincuentes sexuales parafílicos, la depresión mayor era más prevalente en los delincuentes sexuales con trastorno de control de los impulsos.

Conclusión

Los resultados replican hallazgos recientes de alta morbilidad psiquiátrica en delincuentes sexuales internados en insti-tuciones forenses. Además, se encontraron patrones diferentes de trastornos mentales comórbidos en los delincuentes sexuales parafílicos y con trastorno de control de los impulsos. Con respecto a una terapia efectiva y la prevención de recaídas, se debería hacer un mayor enfoque en la evaluación de los subgrupos de delincuentes sexuales.

Keywords

Delincuentes sexualesParafiliaTrastorno de control de los impulsos, Trastorno del Eje ITrastorno de la personalidad
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 11 , Issue 6 , September 2004 , pp. 350 - 358
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Allnutt, SH, Bradford, JMW, Greenberg, DM, Curry, S. Co-morbidity of alcoholism and the paraphilias. J Forensic Sci 1996;41:234–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger, P, Berner, W, Botterauer, J, Gutiierrez, K, Berger, K. Sadistic personality disorder in sexual offenders: relationship to antisocial personality disorder and sexual sadism. J Pers Disord 1999; 13:175–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berner, W, Berger, P, Guitierrez, K, Jordán, B, Berger, K. The role of personality disorders in the treatment of sexual offenders. J Offender Rehabil 1992;18:25–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brink, JH, Doherty, D, Boer, A. Mental disorder in federal offenders: a Canadian prevalence study. Int Law Psychiatr 2001;24:339–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chantry, K, Craig, RJ. Psychological screening of sexually violent offenders with the MCMI. J Clin Psychol 1994;50:430–5.3.0.CO;2-W>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
First, MB, Gibbon, M, Spitzer, RL, Williams, JBW, Benjamin, L.Structured clinical interview for D S M-IV axis II personality di sor-ders. Washington, DC: Ameritcan Psychiatric Press; 1997.Google Scholar
Fydrich, T, Schmitz, B, Hennch, C, Bodem, M.Zuverlassigkett und Giiltigkeit diagnostischer Verfahren zur Erfassung von Personlich keitsstorongen. [Reliability and validity of instruments for the diagnostics of personality disorders]. In: Fydrich, T, Limbacher, K, editors. Personlichkeitsstorungen: Diagnostik und Psychotherapie [Personality disorders: diagnostics and psychotherapy]. Weinheim: Beltz/PVU; 1996. p. 91–113.Google Scholar
Gigerenzer, G.The sflperego, the ego, and the id in statistical reasoning. In: Keren, G, Lewis, C, editors. A handbook for data analysis in the behavioral Sciences: methodological issues. New Jersey: LEA; 1993. p. 311–39.Google Scholar
Hanson, RK, Bussiére, M. Predicting relapse: a meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. J Consult Clin Psychol 1998;66:348–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayashino, DS, Wurtele, SK, Klebe, KJ. Child molester—an examination of cognitive factors. J Interpersonal Violence 1995; 10:106–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffrage, U, Lindsey, S, Hertwig, R, Gigerenzer, G. Communicating statistical information. Science 2000;290:2261–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoyer, J, Borchard, B, Kunst, H. Diagnostik und storungsspezifische Therapie bei Sexualdelinquenten mit psychischen Storongen. [Diagnostics and disorder-related therapy in mentally disordered sexual offenders]. Verhaltenstherapie 2000;10:7–15.Google Scholar
Hoyer, J, Kunst, H, Borchard, B, Stangier, U. Paraphile versus Impuls-kontrollgestorte Sexualstraftater: Eine psychologisch valide Diffe-renzierong? [Paraphilic versus impulse control disordered sexual delinquents]. Z Klin Psychol 1999;28:37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoyer, J, Kunst, H, Schmidt, A. Social phobia in sexual offenders. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001;189:463–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kafka, MP, Hennen, J. A DSM-IV axis I comorbidity study of males (n = 120) with paraphilias and paraphilia-related disorders. Sexual Abuse 2002;14:349–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinbaum, DG, Kupper, L, Morgenstern, H.Epidemiologic research—principies and quantitative methods. New York: VNR; 1982.Google Scholar
Knight, RA, Prentky, RA.Classifying sexual offenders—the development and corroboration of taxonomic models. In: Marshall, WL, Laws, DR, Barbaree, HE, editors. Handbook of sexual assault. New York: Plenum Press; 1990. p. 23–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krober, HL. Strafrechtliche Begutachtung von Personlichkeitsstorungen. [Juridical appraisal of personality disorders]. Personlichkeitsstorungen 1997;4:161–1117.Google Scholar
Kunst, H, Hoyer, J, Borchard, B. Alkoholeinfluss bei Sexualdelikten unter differential-diagnostischer Perspektive. [Alcohol intoxication in sex offenders from differential-diagnostic perspective]. Sucht 2000;46:137–41.Google Scholar
Lanyon, RI. Theory and treatment in child molestation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1986;54:176–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leygraf, N.Psychisch kranke Straftater. [Mentally disordered offenders]. Berlin: SpringerVerlag; 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linehan, MM.Trainingsmanual zur Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie der Borderline-Personlichkeitsstorung. [Manual for dialectic-behavioral therapy of the borderline personality disorder]. Mon-chen: CIP-Medien; 1996.Google Scholar
Margraf, J, Schneider, S, Soeder, U, Neumer, S, Becker, ES.Mini-DIPS, Diagnostisches Interview bei Psychischen Storungen (Fors-chungsversion), Interviewleitfaden, Versión 1.1, 7/96. [Diagnostic interview for psychological disorders, research versión, user manual, versión 1.1 7/96]. Dresden: Technische Universitat; 1996.Google Scholar
Margraf, J, Schneider, S, Ehlers, A.DIPS. Diagnostisches Interview bei Psychischen Storungen [DIPS. Diagnostic interview for psychological disorders], Berlin: Springer; 1991.Google Scholar
Margraf, J.Diagnostisches Kurz-Interview bei psychischen Storungen—Mini-DIPS, Handbuch und Interviewleitfaden. [MiniDIPS user manual]. Berlin: Springer; 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McElroy, SL, Soutullo, CA, Taylor, P, et al.Psychiatric features of 36 men convicted of sexual offenses. J Clin Psychol 1999;60:414–20.Google ScholarPubMed
Moran, RThe epidemiology of antisocial personality disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1999;34:231–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norman, GR, Streiner, DL.Biostatistics: the bare essentials. 2nd ed. London: BC Becker; 2000.Google Scholar
Nuhn-Naber, C, Rehder, U, Wischka, B. Behandlung von Sexuals-traftatern mit kognitiv-behavioralen Methoden: Moglichkeiten und Grenzen. [Treatment of sexual offenders with cognitive-behavioral methods]. Mschrkrim 2002;4:271–80.Google Scholar
Overholser, JC, Beck, S. Multimethod assessment of rapists, child molesters, and three control groups on behavioral and psychological measures. J Consult Clin Psychol 1986;54:682–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pithers, WD. Process evaluation of a group therapy component designed to enhance sex offenders empathy for sexual abuse survivors. Behav Res Ther 1994;32:565–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rader, CM. MMPI profile types of exposer, rapists, and assaulters in a court services population. J Consult Clin Psychol 1977;45:61–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, NC, Coleman, E, Ohlerking, F, Christenson, GA, Miner, M. Psychiatric comorbidity in pedophilic sexual offenders. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:786–8.Google Scholar
SaP, H, Wittchen, HU, Zaudig, M.Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Storungen DSM IV. [Diagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatric disorders DSM IV]. Gottingen: Hogrefe; 1996.Google Scholar
Schneider, S, Margraf, J, Sporkel, H, Franzen, U. Therapiebezogene Diagnostik: Reliability des Diagnostischen Interviews bei psychischen Storungen (DIPS) [Therapy-related diagnostics: reliability of the Diagnostic Interview for Psychiatric Disorders (DIPS)]. Diag-nostica 1992;38:209–27.Google Scholar
Schüler-Springorum, H, Berner, W, Cirullies, B, et al.Sexualstraftater im Ma|3regel-vollzug. [Sexual offenders in State forensic hospitals]. Mschr Krim Strafrechtsreform 1996;79:147–209.Google Scholar
Segal, ZV, Marshall, WL. Heterosexual skills in a population of rapists and child molesters. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985;53:55–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SPSS Inc. SPSS for Windows. Chicago: Author; 1999 Release 9.0.Google Scholar
Stermac, LE, Segal, ZV, Gillis, R.Social and cultural factors in sexual assault. In: Marshall, WL, Laws, DR, Barbaree, HE, editors. Handbook of Sexual Assault. New York: Plenum Press; 1990. p. 143–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittchen, HU, Zaudig, M, Fydrich, T.Strukturiertes klinisches Interview für DSM IV Achse-I und Achse-II, Handanweisung. [Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV axis I and axis II, Manual]. Got-tingen: Hogrefe; 1997.Google Scholar
Wulfert, E, Greenway, DE, Dougher, MJ. A logical functional analysis of reinforcement-based disorders: alcoholism and pedophilia. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996;64:1140–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed