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Article contents
Rasgos de la personalidad que son factores de riesgo para el intento de suicidio entre mujeres jóvenes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Objetivo.
Observaciones clínicas y una revisión de las publicaciones nos llevaron a plantear la hipótesis de que algunos rasgos de la personalidad y el carácter podrían proporcionar una comprensión mejor y, así, una prevención mejor del comportamiento suicida entre mujeres jóvenes con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria.
Métodos.
El grupo clínico constaba de 152 mujeres entre 18 y 24 años de edad, con anorexia nerviosa de tipo restrictivo (AN-R = 66), anorexia nerviosa de tipo purgativo (AN-p = 37), bulimia nerviosa de tipo no purgativo (BN-NP = 9) o bulimia nerviosa de tipo purgativo (BM-P = 40) del DSM-IV. El grupo de control constaba de 140 sujetos. Las medidas de evaluación fueron las escalas y subesca-las de la segunda versión del Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota (MMPI-2), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), utilizado para controlar los síntomas depresivos actuales, más un cuestionario específico acerca de los intentos de suicidio.
Resultados.
Los intentos de suicidio eran más frecuentes en los sujetos con conducta purgativa (30,0% para la BN-P y 29,7% para la AN-P). Aquellos de entre los sujetos con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria que trataron de suicidarse eran en su mayoría estudiantes (67,8%). Para las mujeres con AN-R, las escalas para “Depresión” y “Prácticas antisociales” representaban un riesgo de suicidio significativo; para las mujeres con AN-P eran indicadores de riesgo las escalas para “Histeria”, “Desviación psicopática”, “Timidez social”, “Prácticas antisociales”, “Obsesividad” y “Baja autoestima”, y para las mujeres con BN-P eran indicadores de riesgo las escalas de “Psicastenia”, “Ira” y “Temores”.
Conclusión.
Este estudio proporciona resultados interesantes acerca de los rasgos de personalidad de las mujeres jóvenes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y comportamiento suicida a la vez. Las estudiantes y las que tienen conductas purgativas corren más riesgo. Se debe prestar más atención a las mujeres jóvenes con respecto al riesgo de intentos de suicidio si: (a) tienen AN-R con tendencia al autocastigo y la conducta antisocial, (b) tienen AN-P con problemas físicos múltiples, no están a gusto en situaciones sociales y tienen comportamiento antisocial, o (c) si tienen BN-P y tienden a enfadarse fácilmente con comportamiento obsesivo y preocupaciones fóbicas. El MMPI-2 es un método de evaluación interesante para el estudio de los rasgos que indican un riesgo de comportamiento suicida en los sujetos jóvenes, después de controlar la enfermedad depresiva actual.
Keywords
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- Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2004
References
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