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Estreses relacionados con la familia y la escuela en niños húngaros deprimidos
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
El propósito del estudio era 1) identificar estreses vitales recientes y antiguos con un riesgo diferencial significative, de depresión infantil frente a otras enfermedades psiquiátricas de la infancia, y 2) establecer si los estreses vitales compartidos con otros miembros de la familia tenían un impacto mayor sobre la depresión del nifio que los acontecimientos que eran pertinentes sólo personalmente. Utilizando una entrevista semiestructurada desarrollada hace poco (Inventario de Evaluación Diagnóstica para Niños y Adolescentes, versión húngara, DESCA-H), se investigaron 68 acontecimientos vitales de una muestra total de 526 niños. Se comparó a 215 preadolescentes deprimidos (edad media = 12,73 años, DT = 2,58) con variables idénticas de 311 controles clínicos mixtos no deprimidos (edad media = 10,91 afios, DT = 2,46) derivados a la asistencia psiquiátrica infantil con síntomas psiquiátricos distintos a la depresión. La parte del cuestionario de acontecimientos vitales del DESCA-H se administró separadamente por medio de listas de estreses recientes (en un plazo de 1 año) y antiguos (acontecimientos sucedidos más de 1 año antes de la evaluación). Con las dos series de estreses vitales, se realizaron dos análisis de regresión matemática separados. Se encontró que, de los factores estresantes antiguos, el castigo físico del nifio por los profesores, los problemas económicos serios de la familia y los problemas de salud mental de los miembros de la familia eran predictores significativos de la depresión. De la serie de estreses recientes, cambiar a una escuela nueva, las enfermedades somáticas, la muerte de parientes y los trastornos de salud mental de los miembros de la familia resultaron ser factores de riesgo independientes de depresión para los niños. Los hallazgos indican que los estreses significativos del nifio compartidos con otros miembros de la familia dominan al diferenciar a los niños deprimidos de los no deprimidos. Los estreses relacionados con la escuela se analizan críticamente.
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References
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