Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:52:31.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Distimia y personalidad

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

J. Angst
J. Angst*
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Psiquiátrico de Zurich, PO Box 68, Lenggstr 31, CH-8029, Zurich, Suiza
Get access

Resumen

Los datos sobre distimia y personalidad presentados aquí se derivan del Estudio de la cohorte de Zurich, que siguió a 591 sujetos desde los 20 hasta los 35 años de edad. Desde la infancia, los distímicos se percibían como mucho más ansiosos y con menos confianza en sí mismos que los que tenían depresión mayor o los controles. Manifestaban más problemas de comportamiento y tenían puntuaciones altas de neuroticismo e introversión. Los distímicos puntuaban bajo por lo que se refiere a la calidad de vida, la autoestima y el dominio, mientras que lo hacían alto en conductas de evitación/negación. Se avanza la hipótesis de que los problemas de comportamiento, la ansiedad, los niveles elevados de neuroticismo y los trastornos de la personalidad constituyen factores de riesgo para la depresión crónica. Se presentan datos de la existencia de distimia bipolar.

Keywords

distimiabipolarpersonalidadneuroticismoautoestimavulnerabilidad
Type
Research Article
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 6 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 34 - 45
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

1.Akiskal, HS. Dysthymic disorder: psychopathology of proposed chronic depressive subtypes. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140: 11-20.Google ScholarPubMed
2.Akiskal, HS. Towards a definition of dysthymia: boundaries with personality and mood disorders. In: Burton, SWAkiskal, HS, eds. Dysthymic disorder. London: Gaskell-Royal College of Psychiatrists; 1990, pp. 1-12.Google Scholar
3.Akiskal, HSBitar, AHPuzantian, VRRosenthal, TLWalker, PW. The nosological status of neurotic depression. A prospective three- to four-year followup examination in light of the primary-secondary and unipolar-bipolar dichotomies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978; 35: 756-66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Allilaire, JF. Les dysthymies: un modèle d'étude des liens entre trait et état psychopathologique? Encéphale 1994; 20: 563-9.Google Scholar
5.Alnaes, RTorgerson, S. Personality and personality disorders among patients with major depression in combination with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989; 79: 363-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Angst, J. Epidémiologic du spectre bipolaire. In: Akiskal, HDarcourt, GHantouche, EFraud, JP, eds. Mieux identifier les troubles bipolaires. Encéphale 1995; 6: 37-42.Google Scholar
7.Angst, J. Dépression brèves récurrentes. In: Olié, JOPoirier, MFLôo, H, eds. Les maladies dépressives. Paris: Médecine Sciences Flammarion, 1995, 223- 33.Google Scholar
8.Angst, J. Nosologische Konzepte in der Psychiatrie. In: Gaebel, WFalkai, PLehmann, E, eds. Psychiatrie heute, gestern und morgen. Paderbom: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag; 1997, 51-64.Google Scholar
9.Angst, JClayton, PJ. Premorbid personality of depressive, bipolar, and schizophrenic patients with special reference to suicidal issues. Compr Psychiatry 1986;27:511-32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Angst, JErnst, C. Prämorbide und postmorbide Persönlichkeit bei affektiv Erkrankten. In: Gross, GHuber, GMorgner, J, eds. Persönlichkeit - Persönlickkeitsstörung - Psychose. 10. Weissenauer Schizophrenic Symposion, Dresden 1994. Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer, 1996, 119-32.Google Scholar
11.Angst, JWicki, W. The Zurich study XI. Is dysthymia a separate form of depression? Results of the Zurich cohort study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991; 240: 349-54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Bech, PAngst, J. Quality of life in anxiety and social phobia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 11 suppl 3: 97-100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Cassano, GBMaggini, SAkiskal, HS. Short-term, subchronic, and chronic sequelae of affective disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1983; 6: 55-67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Cassano, GBMusetti, LPeruggi, G et al. A proposed new approach to the clinical subclassification of depressive illness. Pharmacopsychiatry 1988; 21: 19-23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Clayton, PJErnst, CAngst, J. Premorbid personality traits of men who develop unipolar or bipolar disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 243: 340-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Depue, RAKrauss, SSpoont, MRArbisi, P. General Behaviour Inventory identification of unipolar and bipolar affective conditions in a nonclinical university population. J Abnorm Psychol 1989; 98: 117-26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Derogatis, LR. SCL-90. Administration, scoring and procedures manual-I for the R (revised) version and other instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scales Series. Chicago: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1977.Google Scholar
18.Drouet, AHardy, PFeline, A. Dysthymic et personalité dépressive. Ann Méd-Psychol 1994; 152: 114-18.Google Scholar
19.Duggan, CSham, PLee, AMinne, CMurray, R. Neuroticism: a vulnerability marker for depression evidence from a family study. J Affect Disord 1995; 35: 139-43.Google ScholarPubMed
19a.Ernst, CAngst, J. The Zurich Study XXIV. Structural and emotional aspects of childhood and later psychopathology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997; 247: 81-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Fine, SMoretti, MHaley, GMarriage, K. Depressive disorder in children and adolescents: dysthymic disorder and the use of self-rating scales in assessment. Child Psychiatry Hum Development 1984; 14: 223-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Fine, SMoretti, MHaley, GMarriage, K. Affective disorders in children and adolescents: the dysthymic disorder dilemma. Can J Psychiatry 1985; 30: 173-7.Google ScholarPubMed
22.Garrison, CZAddy, CLJackson, KLMcKeown, REWaller, JL. Major depressive disorder and dysthymia in young adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 792-802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Hirschfeld, RMA. Personality and dysthymia. In: Burton, SWAkiskal, HS, eds. Dysthymic disorder. London: Gaskell-Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1990, 69-77.Google Scholar
24.Hirschfeld, RMAKlerman, GLClayton, PJKeller, MBMcDonald-Scott, PLarkin, BH. Assessing personality: effects of the depressive state on trait measurement. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140: 695-9.Google ScholarPubMed
25.Kessler, RC. The US National Comorbidity Survey: onset, chronicity and comorbidity patterns of mood disorders in the general population. Int Acad Biomed Drug Res 1994; 9: 154-7.Google Scholar
26.Klauer, TFilipp, S-HFerring, D. De Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Formen der Krankheitsbewältigung (FEKB): Skalenkon-struktion und erste Befunde zur Reliabilität, Validität und Stabilität. Diagnostica 1989; 35: 316-35.Google Scholar
27.Klein, DNKelly, HS. Diagnosis and classification of dysthymia. Psychiatr Annals 1993; 23: 609-16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Klein, DNMiller, GA. Depressive personality in nonclinical subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1718-24.Google ScholarPubMed
29.Klein, DNRiso, LPAnderson, RI. DSM-III dysthymia: antecedents and underlying assumptions. Prog Exp Personality Psychopathol Res 1993; 16: 222-53.Google ScholarPubMed
30.Klein, DNRiso, LPDonaldson, SK et al. Family study of early onset dysthymia. Mood and personality disorders in relatives of outpatients with dysthymia and episodic major depression and normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52: 487-96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Klerman, GLEndicott, JSpitzer, RHirschfeld, RMA. Neurotic depressions: a systematic analysis of multiple criteria and meanings. Am J Psychiatry 1979; 136: 57-61.Google ScholarPubMed
32.Kocsis, JHFrances, AJ. A critical discussion of DSM-III dysthymic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1534-42.Google ScholarPubMed
33.Kovacs, MGastsonis, C. Stability and change in childhood - Onset of depressive disorder: longitudinal course as a diagnostic validator. In: Robins, LNBarrett, JE, eds. The validity of psychiatric diagnosis. New York: Raven Press, 1989, 57-73.Google Scholar
34.Kovacs, MFeinberg, TCrouse-Novak, MAPaulauskas, SLPollock, MFinkelstein, R. Depressive disorders in childhood. II. A longitudinal study of the risk for a subsequent major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41: 643-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Kovacs, MFeinberg, TCrouse-Novak, MAPaulauskas, SLFinkelstein, R. Depressive disorders in childhood. I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984b; 41: 229-37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Kraepelin, E. La folie maniaque-dépressive. Rev Sci Psychopathol 1913; 3: 221.Google Scholar
37.Leon, SOGarcia, F. Distimia y otros trastornos depresivos: estudio de personalidad. Actas Lusos- Esp Neurol Psiquiatr 1995; 23: 25-8.Google Scholar
38.Lewinsohn, PMRohde, PSeeley, JRHops, H. Comorbidity of unipolar depression. I. Major depression with dysthymia. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100: 205-13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Maier, WLichtermann, DMinges, JHeun, R. Personality traits in subjects at risk for unipolar major depression: a family study perspective. J Affect Disord 1992; 24: 153-64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Markowitz, JCMoran, MEKocsis, JHFrances, AJ. Prevalence and co-morbidity of dysthymic disorder among psychiatric out-patients. J Affect Disord 1992; 24: 63-71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Moore, JT. Dysthymia in the elderly. J Affect Disord 1985; 9 suppl 1: S15-S21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Pahkala, KKesti, EKöngäs-Saviaro, PLaippala, PKivelä, SL. Prevalence of depression in an aged population in Finland. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995; 30: 99-106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Pearlin, LISchooler, C. The structure of coping. J Health Soc Behav 1978; 19: 2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Pepper, CMKlein, DNAnderson, RLRiso, LPOuimette, PCLizardi, H. DSM-III-R axis II comorbidity in dysthymia and major depression. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 239-47.Google ScholarPubMed
45.Phillips, KAGunderson, JGHirschfeld, RMASmith, LE. A review of the depressive personality. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 830-7.Google ScholarPubMed
46.Phillips, KAHirschfeld, RMAShea, TMGunderson, J. Depressive personality disorder. In: Widiger, TAFrances, TAPincus, HARoss, RFirst, MBDavis, WW, eds. DSM-IV Sourcebook. Washington: American Psychiatric Association, 1996, 799-811.Google Scholar
47.Reich, JNoyes, R JrHirschfeld, RMACoryell, WO'Gorman, T. State and personality in depressed and panic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 181-7.Google ScholarPubMed
48.Roy, ASutton, MPickar, D. Neuroendocrine and personality variables in dysthymic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142: 94-7.Google ScholarPubMed
49.Scheidegger, P. Reproduzierbarkeit von Strukturen in empirischen Daten. Zürich: Diss phil I, 1992.Google Scholar
50.Tellenbach, H. Melancholic Berlin, New York: Springer, 1983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51.Vollrath, MAngst, J. Coping and illness behaviour among young adults with panic. J Nerv Merit Dis 1993; 181: 303-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52.Von Zerssen, D.Persönlichkeitsztige als Vulnerabilitätsindikatoren - Probleme ihrer Erfassung. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1994; 62: 1-13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Weissman, MMKlerman, GL. The chronic depressive in the community: unrecognized and poorly treated. Compr Psychiatry 1977; 18: 523-32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Weissman, MMPrusoff, BAKlerman, GL. Personality and the prediction of long-term outcome of depression. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135: 797-800.Google ScholarPubMed
55.Weissman, MMLeaf, PJLivingston Bruce, MFlorio, L. The epidemiology of dysthymia in five communities: rates, risks, comorbidity, and treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 815-19.Google ScholarPubMed
56.Weissman, MMBruce, LMLeaf, PJFlorio, LPHolzer, C. Affective disorders. In: Robins, LNRegier, DA, eds. Psychiatric disorders in America. The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. New York: The Free Press, 1991, 53-80.Google Scholar