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Compensación interhemisférica: hipótesis de los efectos inducidos por la EMT en las áreas relacionadas con el lenguaje

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Jamila Andoh  and
Jean-Luc Martinot
Jamila Andoh
Affiliation:
INSERM, U797, Unidad de Investigación “Neuroimagen y Psiquiatría”, IFR49, Orsay, Francia. CEA, Unidad U797 “Neuroimagen y Psiquiatría”, Departamento Fréderic Joliot y Neurospin, 12BM, Orsay, Francia Universidad Sur de París, UMR U797, París, Francia Universidad Descartes de París, UMR U797, París, Francia Centro Cerebral y Corporal, Universidad de Nottingham, RU
Jean-Luc Martinot
Affiliation:
INSERM, U797, Unidad de Investigación “Neuroimagen y Psiquiatría”, IFR49, Orsay, Francia. CEA, Unidad U797 “Neuroimagen y Psiquiatría”, Departamento Fréderic Joliot y Neurospin, 12BM, Orsay, Francia Universidad Sur de París, UMR U797, París, Francia Universidad Descartes de París, UMR U797, París, Francia
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Resumen

La estimulación magnética transcraneal repetida (EMTr) aplicada en las regiones cerebrales responsables del procesamiento del lenguaje se utiliza para reducir potencialmente las alucinaciones auditivas en pacientes con esquizofrenia y para investigar la organización funcional de las áreas relacionadas con el lenguaje. No obstante, la variabilidad del efecto es notable entre los distintos estudios y entre los sujetos. Además, los mecanismos de acción del EMTr se conocen poco.

En este artículo revisamos varios factores relacionados con la organización estructural y funcional del cerebro que pueden influir en los efectos inducidos por la EMTr. Luego, por analogía con los estudios de afasia y con los cambios plásticos adaptativos de los hemisferios derecho e izquierdo después de la recuperación de la afasia, se propone una hipótesis sobre los mecanismos de EMTr en áreas relacionadas con el lenguaje (por ejemplo, las áreas de Wernicke y de Broca). Creemos que la interferencia local inducida por la EMTr en las areas relacionadas con el lenguaje puede ser análoga al ictus afásico y puedan dar lugar a una reorganización funcional en las áreas conectadas con la lesión virtual para la recuperación del lenguaje.

Keywords

Estimulación magnética transcranealAfasiaReorganización functionalRecuperación del lenguaje
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 15 , Issue 7 , October 2008 , pp. 330 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

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References

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