Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:25:20.528Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relaciones entre la personalidad antisocial y el alcoholismo: hipótesis genéticas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

F. Limosin ,
J. Adés  and
P. Gorwood
F. Limosin
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rué des Renouillers, 92701Colombes cedex, Francia
J. Adés
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rué des Renouillers, 92701Colombes cedex, Francia
P. Gorwood
Affiliation:
Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rué des Renouillers, 92701Colombes cedex, Francia
Get access

Resumen

Los factores genéticos explican una parte no desdeñable de la vulnerabilidad a la dependencia de alcohol, estimándose la influencia genética en los varones en alrededor del 60%. La búsqueda de uno o varios genes implicados potencialmente en el alcoholismo se enfrenta a la heterogeneidad clínica de este trastorno, pero también a la heterogeneidad de los factores etiológicos implicados. Así, es necesario definir de nuevo fenotipos más específicos con determinismo más simple, y centrarse en subconjuntos más específicos de genes candidatos. En esta perspectiva, se informa frecuentemente sobre la existencia de concurrencia (presencia al mismo tiempo, cualquiera que sea la causa) de personalidad antisocial y alcoholismo. Se han propuesto con anterioridad tres hipótesis para explicar esta concurrencia. En primer lugar, podría ser un artefacto o contaminación puros debido a elementos comunes en manuales diagnósticos muy utilizados, como el DSM o la CIE. En segundo lugar, la personalidad antisocial y el alcoholismo podrían compartir uno o varios factores etiológicos comunes, y determinar una comorbilidad "real". Por último, pueden existir factores genéticos comunes entre estos dos trastornos, observándose una transmisión conjunta de ambos más a menudo de lo esperado únicamente por el azar, es decir, podría existir coagregación. Se revisará y se analizará cada una de estas tres hipótesis.

Keywords

alcoholismopersonalidad antisocialcomorbilidadfactores genéticos
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 7 , Issue 6 , September 2000 , pp. 365 - 371
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Bohman, MCloninger, CRVonKnorring, ALSigvardsson, S.An adoption study of somatoform disorders. III. Crossfostering analysis and genetic relationship to alco-holism and criminality. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:872–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, GLGoodwin, FKBallenger, JCGoyer, PFMajor, LF.Aggression in humans correlates with cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites. Psychiatry Res 1979;1:131–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, SASchuckit, MA.Changes in depression among abstinent alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 1988;49:412–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, SAIrwin, MSchuckit, MA.Changes in anxiety among abstinent male alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 1991;52:55–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buydens-Branchey, LBranchey, MHNoumair, D.Age of alcoholism onset. I. Relationship to psychopathology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:225–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buydens-Branchey, LBranchey, MHNoumair, DLieber, CS.Age of alcoholism onset. II. Relationship to suscepti-bility to serotonin precursor availability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:231–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cadoret, RJO’Gorman, TWTroughton, EHeywood, E.Alcoholism and antisocial personality. Interrelationships, genetic and environmental factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:161–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cadoret, RJTroughton, EO’Gorman, TWHeywood, E.An adoption study of genetic and environmental factors in drug abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:1131–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cadoret, RJStewart, MA.An adoption study of attention defi-cit/hyperactivity/aggression and their relationship to adult antisocial personality. Compr Psychiatry 1991;32:73–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cadoret, RJYates, WRTroughton, EWoodworth, GStewart, MA.Genetic-environmental interaction in the genesis of aggressivity and conduct disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:916–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cadoret, RJYates, WRTroughton, EWoodworth, GStewart, MA.Adoption study demonstrating two genetic pathways to drug abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:42–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cloninger, RCReich, TGuze, SB.The multifactorial model of disease transmission: II. Sex differences in the familial transmission of sociopathy (antisocial personality). Br J Psychiatry 1975;127:11–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloninger, CRReich, TGuze, SB.The multifactorial model of disease transmission: III. Familial relationship between sociopathy and hysteria (Briquet’s syndrome). Br J Psychiatry’ 1975;127:23–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cloninger, CRBohman, MSigvardsson, S.Inheritance of alcohol abuse. Cross-fostering analysis of adopted men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:861–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coryell, WWinokur, GKeller, MScheftner, WEndicott, J.Alcoholism and primary major depression: a family study approach to co-existing disorders. J Affect Disorders 1992;24:93–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Growe, RR.An adoption study of antisocial personality. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974;31:785–91.Google Scholar
Goodwin, DW.Alcoholism and genetics. The sins of the fathers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:171–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, BFHasin, DSDawson, DA.The relationship bet-wen DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and DSM-IV major depression: examination of the primary-secondary dis-tinction in a general population sample. J Affect Disorders 1996;38:113–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grove, WMEckert, EDHeston, LBouchard, TJ JrSegal, NLykken, DT.Heritability of substance abuse and antisocial behavior: a study of monozygotic twins reared apart. Biol Psychiatry 1990;27:1293–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagnell, OLanke, JRorsman, BOhman, R.Predictors of alcoholism in the Lundby Study. II. Personality traits as risk factors for alcoholism. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 1986;235:192–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hallman, JVonKnorring, LOreland, L.Personality disorders according to DSM-III-R and thrombocyte monoami-ne oxidase activity in type 1 and type 2 alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 1996;57:155–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, RD.Psychopathy and electrodermal responses to nonsignal stimulation. Biol Psychol 1978;6:237–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helzer, JEPryzbeck, TR.The co-occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J Stud Alcohol 1988;49:219–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hesselbrock, MNMeyer, REKeener, JJ.Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:1050–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, KMartin, MMorris, JRowlands, S.A comparison of the nursing role in units for alcohol and drug depen-dence. Nurs Times 1968;64:1535–6.Google Scholar
Kendler, KSDavis, CGKessler, RC.The familial aggrega-tion of coinmon psychiatric and substance use disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey: a family history study. Br J Psychiatry 1997;170:1541–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knop, J.Premorbid assessment of young men at high risk for alcoholism. Recent Dev Alcohol 1985;3:53–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knop, JTeasdale, TWSchulsinger, FGoodwin, DW.A prospective study of young men at high risk for alcoholism: school behavior and achievement. J Stud Alcohol 1985;46:273–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krueger, RF.The structure of common mental disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:921–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, CERice, JHelzer, JE.Diagnostic interactions. Alcoholism and antisocial personality. J Nerv Ment Dis 1983;171:105–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lidberg, LTuck, JRAsberg, MScalia-Tomba, GPBertilsson, L.Homicide, suicide and CSF-5HIAA. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985;71:230–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lidberg, LModin, IOreland, LTuck, JRGillner, A.Platelet monoamine oxidase activity and psychopathy. Psychiatry Res 1985;16:339–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Limosin, FGorwood, PAdès, J.Alcoolisme: intérêt de la recherche des antécédents familiaux. Presse Med 1996;25:1550–4.Google Scholar
Livesley, WJJang, KLVernon, PA.Phenotypic and gene-tic structure of traits delineating personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:941–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loper, RGKammeier, MLHoffmann, H, MMPI characte-ristics of college freshman males who later became alco-holics. J Abnorm Psychol 1973;82:159–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyons, MJTrue, WREisen, SAGoldberg, JMeyer, JMFaraone, SV, et al.Differential heritability of adult and juvenile antisocial traits. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:906–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGuffin, PGottesman, I.Genetic influences on normal and abnormal development. In: Rutter, MHerson, L, eds. Child Psychiatry: Modern approaches. 2nd ed.London: Blackwell; 1985.Google Scholar
Merikangas, KRWeissman, MMPrusoff, BAPauls, DLLeckman, JF.Depressives with secondary alcoholism: psy-chiatric disorders in offspring. J Stud Alcohol 1985;46:199–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merikangas, KRStolar, MStevens, DEGoulet, JPreisig, MAFenton, B, et al.Familial transmission of substance use disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:973–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nylander, I.A 20-year prospective follow-up study of 2,164 cases at the child guidance clinics in Stockholm. Acta Paediatr Scand 1979;276(Suppl):1–45.Google Scholar
Oreland, LWiberg, AAsberg, MTraskman, LSjostrand, LThoren, P, et al.Platelet MAO activity and monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in depressed and sui-cidal patients and in healthy Controls. Psychiatry Res 1981;4:21–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pickens, RWSvikis, DSMcGue, MLykken, DTHeston, LLClayton, PJ.Heterogeneity in the inheritance of alcoholism. A study of male and female twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:19–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pokorny, ADKanas, TOverall, JE.Order of appearance of alcoholic symptoms. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1981;5:216–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, AVenables, PHWilliams, M.High autonomic arou-sal and electrodermal orienting at age 15 years as pro-tective factors against criminal behavior at age 29 years. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1595–600.Google Scholar
Regier, DANarrow, WERae, DSManderscheid, RWLocke, BZGoodwin, FK.The de facto US mental and addictive disorders Service System. Epidemiologic catch-ment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and Services. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:85–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schalling, DAsberg, MEdman, GOreland, L.Markers for vulnerability to psychopathology: temperament traits associated with platelet MAO activity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;76:172–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuckit, MAKlein, JTwitchell, GSmith, T.Personality test scores as predictors of alcoholism almost a decade later. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1038–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Schuckit, MATipp, JEBucholz, KKNurnberger, JIHesselbrock, VMCrowe, RR, et al.The life-time rates of three major mood disorders and four major anxiety disorders in alcoholics and Controls. Addiction 1997;92:1289–1304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soloff, PHCornelius, JFoglia, JGeorge, APerel, JM.Platelet MAO in bordeline personality disorders. Biol Psychiatry 1991;29:499–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Virkkunen, MNuutila, AGoodwin, FKLinnoila, M.Cerebrospinal fluid metabolite levels in male arsonists. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:241–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Virkkunen, MLinnoila, M.Brain serotonin, type II alcoholism and impulsive violence. J Stud Alcohol 1993;(11 Suppl):163–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Von Knorring, ALBohman, MVonKnorring, LOreland, L.Platelet MAO activity as a biological marker in subgroups of alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985;72:51–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VonKnorring, LOreland, LHaggendal, JMagnusson, TAlmay, BJohansson, F.Relationship between platelet MAO activity and concentrations of 5-HIAA and HVA in cerebrospinal fluid in chronic pain patients. J Neural Transm 1986;66:37–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Von Knorring, LOreland, LVonKnorring, AL.Personality traits and platelet MAO activity in alcohol and drug abu-sing teenage boys. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;75:307–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed