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Impacto de las intervenciones psicoeducativas cognitivas en los pacientes bipolares y sus familiares

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Britta Bernhard ,
Annette Schaub ,
Petra Kümmler ,
Sandra Dittmann ,
Emanuel Severus ,
Florian Seemüller ,
Christoph Born ,
Anna Forsthoff ,
Rasmus W. Licht  and
Heinz Grunze
Britta Bernhard
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Annette Schaub
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Petra Kümmler
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Sandra Dittmann
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Emanuel Severus
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Florian Seemüller
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Christoph Born
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Anna Forsthoff
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
Rasmus W. Licht
Affiliation:
Unidad de Investigación de Trastornos del Estado de Ánimo, Hospital Psiquiátrico de la Universidad de Aarhus, Risskov, Dinamarca
Heinz Grunze
Affiliation:
Programa de Trastorno Bipolar, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad de Ludwig-Maximilians, Nussbaumstrasse7, 80806Munich, Alemania
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Resumen

Antecedentes.

En ãnos recientes, varios estudios controlados pudieron demostrar que las intervenciones psicoeducativas han sido eficaces para prevenir la recaída en los trastornos bipolares. Así, establecimos una intervención de grupo psicoeducativo cognitivo con 14 sesiones que suministraban información sobre la enfermedad, las señales tempranas de aviso, las estrategias cognitivas y conductuales para el tratamiento del estrés y el ritmo social. Además, ofrecimos una intervención de grupo para los familiares de los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio era describir el desenlace clínico asociado con nuestra intervención psicoeducativa en los pacientes bipolares y sus familiares.

Métodos.

Sesenta y dos pacientes bipolares asistieron a 14 sesiones (de unos 90 minutos) de terapia de grupo psicoeducativa cognitiva. Se evaluó el conocimiento de los pacientes del trastorno bipolar y su satisfacción con el tratamiento utilizando cuestionarios desarrollados por nosotros antes y después de la intervención de grupo. Además, 49 familiares de pacientes bipolares recibieron dos talleres psicoeducativos de 4 horas cada uno. Evaluamos las variables demográficas, la carga, la emoción expresada elevada y los síntomas depresivos de los familiares antes y después de los dos talleres y en el seguimiento al año.

Resultados.

Los pacientes mejoraron significativamente su conocimiento del trastorno bipolar. Se beneficiaron también de los debates y del intercambio de estrategias de afrontamiento útiles. La carga y la emoción expresada elevada no mostraron reducciones significativas en la evaluación posterior; sin embargo, se redujeron significativamente en el seguimiento al año. Los familiares se sintieron también significativamente mejor informados sobre la enfermedad.

Conclusiones.

Estos hallazgos muestran que las intervenciones psicoeducativas en los pacientes bipolares y sus familiares mejoran su conocimiento de la enfermedad y la carga del trastorno, y además las emociones expresadas elevadas se reducen en los familiares en el seguimiento al año.

Keywords

Trastorno bipolarPsicoeducaciónIntervenciónFamiliares
Type
Original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 13 , Issue 6 , September 2006 , pp. 276 - 281
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2006

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