Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T22:51:10.615Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Globalization and extra-parliamentary politics in an era of democracy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2011

Moises Arce  and
Wonik Kim
Moises Arce*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Wonik Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
*
* E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
* E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two currents can be distinguished in the literature regarding the domestic consequences of globalization. One perspective holds that globalization depoliticizes extra-parliamentary protest activity despite the presence of democracy. Another perspective suggests that globalization has contributed to the repoliticization of protest, especially when democracy is present. Using cross-sectional time-series data in a global sample for the 1970–2006 period, the paper examines the effect of globalization on extra-parliamentary protest activity in the context of democracy. The paper further tests these relationships cross-regionally comparing East Asia with Latin America – arguably the two regions in the world where dual transitions to economic and political liberalization have been in full force since 1970s. The results reveal distinct patterns of protest activity cross-regionally, whereby East Asia approximates the depoliticization trend from the global sample. In contrast, the results for Latin America provide confirming evidence for the repoliticization perspective. These findings remain robust across a number of control variables, and different measures of democracy and estimation techniques. Overall, the paper shows that democracy influences the relationship between globalization and extra-parliamentary protest activity – a relationship that up to now has remained systematically untested.

Keywords

globalizationdemocracyextra-parliamentary politics
Type
Research Article
Information
European Political Science Review , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , July 2011 , pp. 253 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © European Consortium for Political Research 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acemoglu, D. Robinson, J. (2006), Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Agüero, F. Stark, J. (eds) (1998), Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-transition Latin America, Miami: North-South Center Press.Google Scholar
Almeida, P.D. (2009), ‘Globalization and collective action’, in K.T. Leicht and J.C. Jenkins (eds), Handbook of Politics: State and Society in Global Perspective, New York: Springer, pp. 305–326.Google Scholar
Arce, M. (2008), ‘The repoliticization of collective action after neoliberalism in Peru’, Latin American Politics and Society 50(3): 37–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arce, M. (2010), ‘Parties and social protest in Latin America's Neoliberal Era’, Party Politics 16(5): 669–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Artner, A. (2004), ‘Anti-globalization movements: the developments in Asia’, Contemporary Politics 10(3–4): 243–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auvinen, J. (1997), ‘Political conflict in less developed countries’, Journal of Peace Research 34(2): 177–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, A. (2005), Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive. Electronic Format. Binghamton: Center for Social Analysis, State University of New York.Google Scholar
Booth, J.A. (1991), ‘Socioeconomic and political roots of national revolts in Central America’, Latin American Research Review 26(1): 33–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brambor, T., Clark, W. Golder, M. (2006), ‘Understanding interaction models: improving empirical analyses’, Political Analysis 14(1): 63–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buruma, I. (2009), ‘Escape from Japan’, The New York Review of Books LVI(10): 33–35.Google Scholar
Cameron, C. Trivedi, P. (1998), Regression Analysis of Count Data, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choe, S.-H. (2008), ‘An anger in Korea more than beef’. The New York Times, June 12.Google Scholar
Cleary, M.R. (2006), ‘Explaining the left's resurgence’, Journal of Democracy 17(4): 35–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, D. (ed.) (1979), The New Authoritarianism in Latin America, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, D. Adcock, R. (1999), ‘Democracy and dichotomies: a pragmatic approach to choices about concepts’, Annual Review of Political Science 2: 537–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, M.L. (1996), Organizing Dissent: Unions, the State, and the Democratic Teachers’ Movement in Mexico, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Curtis, G. (1999), The Logic of Japanese Politics: Leaders, Institutions, and the Limits of Change, New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Della Porta, D. Reiter, H. (eds) (1998), Policing Protest: The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Dreher, A., Gaston, N. Martens, P. (2008), Measuring Globalisation: Gauging Its Consequences, New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dudley, R. Miller, R.A. (1998), ‘Group rebellion in the 1980s’, Journal of Conflict Resolution 42(1): 77–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellingsen, T. (2000), ‘Colorful communities or ethnic witches brew? Multiethnicity and domestic conflict during and after the cold war’, Journal of Conflict Resolution 44(2): 228–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, D., Bates, R., Goldstone, J., Kristensen, I. O'Halloran, S. (2006), ‘Democratic transitions’, American Journal of Political Science 50(3): 551–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estevez-Abe, M. (2008), Welfare and Capitalism in Postwar Japan, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etchemendy, S. Collier, R.B. (2007), ‘Down but not out: union resurgence and segmented neocorporatism in Argentina (2003–2007)’, Politics Society 35(3): 363–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frazier, M.W. (2004), ‘China's pension reform and its discontents’, The China Journal 51(January): 97–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkel, S.E. Muller, E.N. (1998), ‘Rational choice and the dynamics of collective political action: evaluating alternative models with panel data’, American Political Science Review 92(1): 37–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francisco, R.A. (2009), Dynamics of Conflict, New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Gallagher, M. (2007), Contagious Capitalism: Globalization and the Politics of Labor in China, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Garay, C. (2007), ‘Social policy and collective action: unemployed workers, community associations, and protest in Argentina’, Politics & Society 35(2): 301–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentile, A. Tarrow, S. (2009), ‘Charles Tilly, globalization, and labor's citizen rights’, European Political Science Review 1(3): 465–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glassman, J. (2001), ‘From Seattle (and Ubon) to Bangkok: the scales of resistance to corporate globalization’, Environmental and Planning D: Society and Space 19: 513–533.Google Scholar
Goldstone, J.A. (2004), ‘More social movements or fewer? Beyond political opportunity structures to relational fields’, Theory and Society 33: 333–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurr, T.R. Moore, W.H. (1997), ‘Ethnopolitical rebellion: a cross-sectional analysis of the 1980s with risk assessments for the 1990s’, American Journal of Political Science 41(4): 1079–1103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haggard, S. (2000), The Political Economy of the Asian Financial Crisis, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Haggard, S. Kaufman, R.R. (2008), Development, Democracy, and Welfare States: Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hagopian, F. Mainwaring, S. (eds) (2005), The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Heston, A., Summers, R., Aten, B. (2006), Penn World Table Version 6.2. Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Hewison, K. (2000), ‘Resisting globalization: a study of localism in Thailand’, The Pacific Review 13(2): 279–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilbe, J.M. (2008), Negative Binomial Regression, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Holzner, C.A. (2007), ‘The poverty of democracy: neoliberal reforms and political participation of the poor in Mexico’, Latin American Politics and Society 49(2): 87–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, S.P. (1968), Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hurst, W. O'Brien, K.J. (2002), ‘China's contentious pensioners’, The China Quarterly 170: 345–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, H. Almeida, P. (eds) (2006), Latin American Social Movements: Globalization, Democratization, and Transnational Networks, Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Kang, D. (2008), ‘South Korea's not-so-sharp right turn’, Current History 107(710): 256–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S. (2000), The Politics of Democratization in Korea: The Role of Civil Society, Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, S. (2003), ‘Civil society in democratizing Korea’, in Samuel Kim (ed.), Korea's Democratization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 81–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, G., Tomz, M. Wittenberg, J. (2000), ‘Making the most of statistical analyses: improving interpretation and presentation’, American Journal of Political Science 44(2): 347–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitschelt, H.P. (1986), ‘Political opportunity structures and political protest: anti-nuclear movements in four democracies’, British Journal of Political Science 16(1): 57–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohl, B. Farthing, L. (2006), Impasse in Bolivia: Neoliberal Hegemony and Popular Resistance, London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Kriesi, H., Koopmans, R., Duyvendak, J.W. Giugni, M.G. (1992), ‘New social movements and political opportunities in Western Europe’, European Journal of Political Research 22(2): 219–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurtz, M.J. (2004), ‘The dilemmas of democracy in the open economy: lessons from Latin America’, World Politics 56(2): 262–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latinobarómetro (2009), Informe 2009, Santiago de Chile: Corporación Latinobarómetro.Google Scholar
Lee, Y. (2007), ‘Political parties and social movements: an inverse relationship? The case of Korea and Taiwan’. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Loh, F. (2004), ‘NGOs and social movements in Southeast Asia’, in F. Polet (ed.), Globalizing Resistance: The State of Struggle, London: Pluto Press, pp. 27–41.Google Scholar
López-Maya, M. (2003), ‘The Venezuelan Caracazo of 1989: popular protest and institutional weakness’, Journal of Latin American Studies 35: 117–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, M. Jaggers, K. (2009), Polity IV Project: Dataset Users’ Manual, Severn, MD: Center for Systematic Peace.Google Scholar
McAdam, D., Tarrow, S. Tilly, C. (2001), Dynamics of Contention, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCloskey, D. Ziliak, S. (1996), ‘The standard error of regressions’, Journal of Economic Literature 34(1): 97–114.Google Scholar
Meyer, D.S. Tarrow, S. (eds) (1998), The Social Movement Society, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Muller, E.N., Dietz, H.A. Finkel, S.E. (1991), ‘Discontent and the expected utility of rebellion: the case of Peru’, American Political Science Review 85(4): 1261–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munck, R. (2007), Globalization and Contestation: The New Great Counter-movement, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Munck, G. Verkuilen, J. (2002), ‘Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: evaluating alternative indices’, Comparative Political Studies 35(1): 5–34.Google Scholar
Murillo, M.V. Ronconi, L. (2004), ‘Teachers’ strikes in Argentina: partisan alignments and public-sector labor relations’, Studies in Comparative International Development 39(1): 77–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nam, T. (2006), ‘What you use matters: coding protest data’, PS: Political Science & Politics 39(2): 281–287.Google Scholar
Nem Singh, J. (2008), ‘Globalization, protest, and democracy: trade justice movements in Southeast Asia’. Paper presented in the Annual Meeting of International Society of Political Psychology, Paris, France.Google Scholar
O'Brien, K. (2008), Popular Protest in China, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Donnell, G.A. (1973), Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics, Berkeley: Institute of International Studies.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, G. Schmitter, P.C. (1986), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Oxhorn, P.D. (2009), ‘Beyond neoliberalism? Latin America's new crossroads’, in J. Burdick, P. Oxhorn and K. Roberts (eds), Beyond Neoliberalism in Latin America? Societies and Politics at the Crossroads, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 217–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxhorn, P.D. Ducantenzeiler, G. (eds) (1998), What Kind of Democracy? What Kind of Market? Latin America in the Age of Neoliberalism, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pappas, T.S. (2008), ‘Political leadership and the emergence of radical mass movements in democracy’, Comparative Political Studies 41(8): 1117–1140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pekkanen, R. (2006), Japan's Dual Civil Society: Members without Advocates, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pempel, T.J. (1999), The Politics of the Asian Financial Crisis, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Perry, E. Goldman, M. (2007), Grassroots Political Reforms in Contemporary China, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peruzzotti, E. (2001), ‘The nature of the new argentine democracy. The delegative democracy argument revisited’, Journal of Latin American Studies 33: 133–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, A. (2005), ‘Democracy as an equilibrium’, Public Choice 123: 253–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M., Cheibub, J.A. Limongi, F. (2000), Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-being in the World, 1950–1990, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K.M. (2002), ‘Social inequalities without class cleavages in Latin America's Neoliberal Era’, Studies in Comparative International Development 36(4): 3–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K.M. (2008), ‘The mobilization of opposition to economic liberalization’, Annual Review of Political Science 11: 327–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, B.R. Portes, A. (2006), ‘Coping with the free market city: collective action in six Latin American cities at the end of the Twentieth Century’, Latin American Research Review 41(2): 57–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudra, N. (2002), ‘Globalization and the decline of the welfare state in less developed countries’, International Organization 56: 411–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoppa, L. (2006), Race for the Exits: The Unraveling of Japan's System of Social Protection, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Shin, D. (1999), Mass Politics and Culture in Democratizing Korea, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tarrow, S. (1998), Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, S. (2002), ‘The new transnational contention: organizations, coalitions and mechanisms’. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Tilly, C. Tarrow, S. (2006), Contentious Politics, Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.Google Scholar
Tsai, K. (2007), Capitalism without Democracy: The Private Sector in Contemporary China, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Van Cott, D.L. (2003), ‘From exclusion to inclusion: Bolivia's 2002 elections’, Journal of Latin American Studies 35: 751–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, J. Seddon, D. (1994), Free Markets and Food Riots: The Politics of Global Adjustment, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Bank (2008), World Development Indicators. CD-ROM. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Yashar, D.J. (2007), ‘Resistance and identity politics in an age of globalization’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 610: 160–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zald, M.N. (1996), ‘Culture, ideology, and strategic framing’, in D. McAdam, J.D. McCarthy and M.N. Zald (eds), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 261–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamosc, L. (2007), ‘The Indian movement and political democracy in Ecuador’, Latin American Politics and Society 49(3): 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zermeño, S. (1990), ‘Crisis, neoliberalism and disorder’, in J. Foweraker and A. L. Craig (eds), Popular Movements and Political Change in Mexico, Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner, pp. 160–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar