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NATO and the Ukraine crisis: Collective securitisation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2016

James Sperling  and
Mark Webber
James Sperling
Affiliation:
Professor of Political Science, Akron University
Mark Webber*
Affiliation:
Professor of International Politics, University of Birmingham
*
*Correspondence to: Professor Mark Webber, School of Government and Society, Muirhead Tower, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Author’s email: [email protected]
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Abstract

In securitisation theory (ST) little attention has been paid to how actors undertake securitisation collectively. The empirical focus of that theory has also, paradoxically, neglected the military-strategic sector and with it regional security organisations like NATO. Such an oversight is worth correcting for three reasons. First, NATO is constantly engaged in securitisation across a range of issues, a process that reflects an underappreciated recursive interaction between the Alliance and its member states. Second, the Ukraine crisis has resulted in Russia being explicitly identified as a source of threat and so has triggered a successful collective (re)securitisation by the Alliance. Third, a framework that demonstrates NATO’s standing as a securitising actor has potential relevance to other regional security organisations. This article discusses and amends ST in service of an approach that permits securitisation by actors other than the state, in this case NATO. A model of collective securitisation is presented and then applied empirically to the post-Cold War desecuritisation of Russia and its subsequent resecuritisation following the annexation of Crimea. The implications of resecuritisation for the emergence of a self-reinforcing security dilemma in NATO-Russia relations are also considered.

Keywords

Collective SecuritisationNATOUkraineAllianceRussia
Type
Research Article
Information
European Journal of International Security , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , February 2017 , pp. 19 - 46
Copyright
© British International Studies Association 2016 

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155 Simon, Luis, ‘Understanding US retrenchment in Europe’, Survival, 57:2 (2015), p. 167 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

156 Marrone, Allesandro, De France, Olivier, and Daniele Fattibene (eds), Defence Budgets and Cooperation in Europe Developments, Trends and Drivers (Istituto Affari Internazionali, 2016), p. 3 Google Scholar.

157 Ibid., p. 3.

158 Deni, John, ‘The Flawed US Approach to European Reassurance’, Carnegie Europe (27 May 2016)Google Scholar, available at: {http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=63675}.

159 Booth, Ken and Wheeler, Nicholas J., The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World Politics (Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 165–170 Google Scholar.