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Sheep in Wealth's Clothing: Social Reproduction across the Bronze Age to Iron Age Transition in Wiltshire, Southern England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2017

Andy Valdez-Tullett Open the ORCID record for Andy Valdez-Tullett [Opens in a new window]
Andy Valdez-Tullett*
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Historic England, Portsmouth, UK
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Abstract

The circulation of bronze is considered to be the principal vehicle of social reproduction for the later Bronze Age, with significant social investment in trade networks, systems of exchange, and social alliances. Substantial social upheaval is implied by the decline of bronze, as attested by the widespread deposition of hoards towards the end of this period. This article aims to fill a lacuna between the period of peak bronze hoarding and other vectors of change such as the manipulation of grain surpluses or the creation of hillforts. The reorganization of the Wiltshire landscape signifies transformation to a transhumant regime. Animals became increasingly important at the end of the Bronze Age, with daily life revolving around their management, dictating seasonal movement, and interaction. Investment in the social value of animals beyond pure subsistence requirements was a major factor filling the social gap left by the demise of bronze. This was accompanied by changes in the mode of production and the scales of social engagement.

On considère que la circulation du bronze était le principal moteur de la reproduction sociale à la fin de l’âge du Bronze, avec des investissements importants dans les réseaux d’échange et les systèmes d'alliance sociale. Le système social a été sérieusement bouleversé par le déclin du bronze comme l'indiquent les nombreux dépôts d'objets de bronze à la fin de cette époque. Dans cet article on tentera de remplir une lacune entre la période qui a vu le maximum de dépôts d'objets en bronze et une époque où d'autres vecteurs de changement, tels la manipulation d'un surplus céréalier ou l’établissement des sites de hauteurs fortifiés, ont eu une influence. La réorganisation des paysages de collines du Wiltshire sous-entend une transformation du régime agricole vers la transhumance. Le bétail prit de plus en plus d'importance vers la fin de l’âge du Bronze, le quotidien étant régi par la gestion des troupeaux, les mouvements saisonniers et les relations entre communautés. Un investissement dans la valeur sociale des animaux allant au-delà de la subsistance fut un facteur important, comblant le vide social créé par le déclin du bonze. Des transformations dans les modes de production et dans l'ampleur des échanges sociaux accompagnèrent ce phénomène. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

Der Umlauf von Bronze wird als Hauptmittel der sozialen Reproduktion in der späten Bronzezeit angesehen und erforderte erhebliche Investitionen in Handelsnetzwerke und sozialen Beziehungen. Die Wertverminderung von Bronze deutet auf wesentliche soziale Veränderungen, die von den weitverbreiteten Deponierungen von Horten am Ende dieser Epoche dokumentiert sind. In diesem Artikel wird versucht, eine Lücke zwischen der Zeit der maximalen Hortung von Bronze und der Epoche, wo andere Veränderungsfaktoren wie die Handhabung von Getreideüberschuss oder die Gründung von befestigten Höhensiedlungen maßgebend waren, zu füllen. Die Reorganisation der Wiltshire Landschaft weist auf einen Wandel zu einer Wanderweidewirtschaft. Gegen Ende der Bronzezeit gewann das Vieh zunehmend an Bedeutung: Der Alltag beruhte auf die Viehhaltung und hängte von den jahreszeitlichen Bewegungen und Beziehungen mit Tieren ab. Die Investition in dem sozialen Wert von Tieren über den Eigenbedarf hinaus spielte eine maßgebende Rolle und füllte die soziale Lücke nach dem Wertverlust von Bronze. Andere Veränderungen in Herstellungsweisen und im Ausmaß des sozialen Einsatzes begleiteten dieses Phänomen. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

Keywords

Bronze AgeIron AgeprehistoryWessexlandscapetranshumancesocial reproductionsocial organizationâge du Bronzeâge du FerpréhistoireWessexpaysagetranshumancereproduction socialeorganisation socialeBronzezeitEisenzeitVorgeschichteWessexLandschaftWanderweidewirtschaftsoziale Reproduktionsoziale Organisation
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , November 2017 , pp. 663 - 681
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 2017 

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