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Physical Barriers, Cultural Connections: Prehistoric Metallurgy across the Alpine Region

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Laura Perucchetti ,
Peter Bray ,
Andrea Dolfini  and
A. Mark Pollard
Laura Perucchetti*
Affiliation:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, UK
Peter Bray*
Affiliation:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, UK
Andrea Dolfini*
Affiliation:
School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University, UK
A. Mark Pollard*
Affiliation:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, UK
*
[email: [email protected]]
[email: [email protected]]
[email: [email protected]]
[email: [email protected]]
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Abstract

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This paper considers the early copper and copper-alloy metallurgy of the entire Alpine region. It introduces a new approach to the interpretation of chemical composition data sets, which has been applied to a comprehensive regional database for the first time. The Alpine Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age each have distinctive patterns of metal use, which can be interpreted through changes in mining, social choice, and major landscape features such as watersheds and river systems. Interestingly, the Alpine range does not act as a north-south barrier, as major differences in composition tend to appear on an east-west axis. Central among these is the prevalence of tin-bronze in the western Alps compared to the east. This ‘tin-line’ is discussed in terms of metal flow through the region and evidence for a deeply rooted geographical division that runs through much of Alpine prehistory.

Cet article porte sur la première métallurgie du cuivre et des alliages cuivreux dans l'ensemble de la zone alpine. Nous introduisons une nouvelle approche quant à l'interprétation des ensembles de données portant sur la composition chimique, qui a été appliquée pour la première fois à une base de données exhaustive régionale. Le Chalcolithique et le début de l'Âge du Bronze alpins présentent chacun des schémas distincts quant à l'utilisation du métal, qu'on peut interpréter comme découlant de changements dans l'exploitation minière, de choix sociaux et de caractéristiques majeures du paysage, comme bassins et systèmes fluviaux. Il est intéressant de noter que les Alpes ne figurent pas comme une barrière nord-sud, car des différences majeures dans la composition ont tendance à apparaître sur un axe est-ouest. Parmi celles-ci figurent la prévalence du bronze-étain dans les Alpes occidentales par rapport aux Alpes orientales. Cette ‘frontière de l'étain’ est examinée par rapport à la circulation des métaux dans la région et en tant que preuve d'une division géographique profondément enracinée présente pendant la plus grande partie de la préhistoire alpine.

Dieser Beitrag behandelt die frühe Metallurgie von Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen des gesamten Alpenraumes. Er stellt einen neuen Ansatz der Interpretation von Datensätzen chemischer Zusammensetzungen vor, der erstmalig auf eine umfassende regionale Datenbank angewendet wurde. Die alpine Kupfer- und Frühbronzezeit weisen bestimmte Merkmale der Metallnutzung auf, die durch Änderungen im Bergbau, in sozialer Auswahl und größeren landschaftlichen Elementen, wie z. B. Wassergrenzen und Flusssystemen, interpretiert werden können. Interessanterweise wirken die Alpen sich nicht als Grenze zwischen Nord und Süd aus, denn größere Unterschiede in den Zusammensetzungen neigen dazu, in einer Ost-West-Achse aufzutreten. Dabei ist das verstärkte Auftreten von Zinnbronzen in den westlichen Alpen im Gegensatz zum östlichen Raum von zentraler Bedeutung. Diese, Zinnlinie‘ wird im Sinne eines Metallflusses durch die Region und als Beweis einer tiefverwurzelten geographischen Unterteilung, die durch den Großteil der alpinen Vorgeschichte läuft, diskutiert.

Keywords

Copper AgeBronze AgeAlpsGISmetal artefactsearly metallurgyelemental compositionÂge du CuivreÂge du BronzeAlpesGISartefacts en métalpremière métallurgiecomposition élémentaireKupferzeitBronzezeitAlpenGISMetallartefaktefrühe Metallurgieelementare Zusammensetzung
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , 2015 , pp. 599 - 632
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 the European Association of Archaeologists 

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